Effects Of Shame Research Articles

A concept analysis of shame in the field of nursing.

The study aimed to conceptually define "shame" within the field of nursing. Many nurses sometimes experience and struggle with shame in their professional lives. It reduces their sense of self-worth and hampers emotional well-being and efficacy at work. The conceptual analysis was performed using Walker and Avant's method. We searched using Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection databases for literature published between 1980 and 2020. We searched for keywords "shame," "nurse," and "nursing," with the condition that the keywords must be included in the title or abstract. Shame in the nursing field was defined as a negative emotion, an experience of self-blame and anger, an emotion accompanied by social anxiety, loneliness, and influenced by society and culture. Shame in the nursing field has three antecedents: negative evaluation, the involvement of others, and social and affiliated-group norms. Consequences of shame in nursing include decreased senses of self-esteem and self-efficacy, escape through defense mechanisms, depressive states, and alleviation of distress through reaffirmation of self-promotion and reflection leading to personal growth. We clarified the significance of self, others, others' evaluations, and differences in socio-cultural contexts while defining shame.

The causes and consequences of shame in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Research into the aetiology, maintenance, and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has largely been informed by models of anxiety. However, non-experimental research suggests that some individuals may engage in compulsions to neutralise shame, with repugnant obsessions associated with more shame than other obsessions. Violent and sexual obsessions and shame have been linked with poorer treatment outcomes, and thus, treatment modifications are needed. This experimental study aimed to examine if and how shame fits into a cognitive behavioural model of OCD. Fifty-five individuals experiencing subclinical (n = 9) to clinical (n = 46) OCD symptoms were randomly administered four different obsession induction paradigms focused on harm, sexual, contamination, and symmetry obsessions. After each induction, participants reported on their emotional states, gave appraisal ratings regarding their urges to engage in compulsions and avoidant behaviour, and completed manipulation checks. Harm and sexual inductions elicited greater shame and anxiety and were considered more immoral than contamination and symmetry inductions. Shame responses were also independently associated with compulsion and avoidance behaviours in repugnant obsessions, controlling for anxiety. Theoretical models and treatment for OCD should be adapted to address shame.

Concept analysis of shame in nursing.

Nurses can facilitate opportunities for patients who feel shame to experience healing in their mental health. Disciplines such as psychology have extensive shame research, yet nursing may provide a unique perspective to bolster research on shame. The objective of this analysis is to examine the use of shame as a concept in nursing literature. This review was guided by Beth Rodgers' Evolutionary approach to concept analysis. Rodgers' approach entails investigating attributes, related terms, surrogate terms, antecedents, and consequences of shame; and examining the use of the concept shame over time to determine if its use changed. Sampled literature came from Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Plus with Full Text, PubMed, Web of Science, and Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition. The final sample used for analysis included 334 sources published between 1993 and 2020. The use of shame did not change during these years. Attributes were negative sense of self, feeling worthless, and feeling vulnerable. There were no surrogate terms and three related terms: guilt, humiliation, and embarrassment. Antecedents were trauma, stigma, and perception of moral wrongdoing. Consequences included healthcare avoidance, social withdrawal or isolation, negative coping mechanisms, resilience, lifestyle changes, and healthy coping. There is a discrepancy between the conceptualization and use of shame in nursing and other disciplines. Other disciplines, such as psychology, provide more direction about how interpersonal interactions can elicit or alleviate feelings of shame. Nurses can apply this conceptualization in their clinical practice to support patients experiencing shame.

Sex, Honor, Murder: A Psychology of “Honor killing”

ABSTRACT The existing psychological explanation of “honor killing” (HK) is inadequate. This paper aims to provide a more adequate psychological explanation of it. It does this by depicting the adaptive nature of it in patriarchal contexts. More precisely, it argues that HK is fueled by the emotional need to protect one’s honor, which allows the perpetrator to prove his/her allegiance to a key communal value and (thereby) avert community’s punitive measures. In making my argument I will provide successive discussions of: (a) factors causing the gradual enragement of an “honor killer”, (b) the connection between emotions of “honor” and “shame”, (c) the punitive consequences of shame, and (d) the connection between HK and mental and personality disorders.

Konsekwencje doświadczania wstydu i poczucia winy przez rodziców dzieci z niepełnosprawnością wzroku

Pierwsze miesiące życia dziecka niewidomego i słabowidzącego są niezwykle ważne z punktu widzenia jego wszechstronnej rehabilitacji. Występowanie pewnych psychologicznych blokad utrudnia jednak rodzicom podjęcie w tym czasie skutecznych działań. <b>Cel</b>: Niniejszy artykuł porusza kwestię poczucia winy i wstydu, które odczuwają rodzice, gdy dowiadują się, że ich dziecko nie widzi. Bliższe przyjrzenie się tym emocjom pozwala wychwycić zarówno łączące je podobieństwa, jak i występujące znaczne różnice. <b>Metoda</b>: Artykuł powstał na podstawie analizy literatury przedmiotu. <b>Wyniki</b>: Kiedy człowiek odczuwa wstyd, jego uwaga kieruje się do wewnątrz. Jednocześnie doświadcza on wtedy również innych nieprzyjemnych odczuć, takich jak poczucie bezradności czy przeświadczenie o własnej beznadziejności. Jest skupiony na całym ja. Odwrotnie dzieje się w przypadku poczucia winy, które sprawia, że osoba koncentruje się tylko na tych działaniach, które mogą zmniejszyć negatywne skutki własnego zachowania w przeszłości i uchronić ją przed całkowitą porażką. <b>Wnioski</b>: Pogłębienie wiedzy na temat wstydu i poczucia winy może pomóc opracować strategie udzielania pomocy rodzicom dzieci z niepełnosprawnością wzroku w ramach wczesnego wspomagania rozwoju dziecka oraz zapobiec wtórnym skutkom niepełnosprawności wzroku.

Chronic shame: A perspective integrating religion and spirituality

ABSTRACTChronic shame is of major significance in social work, because it is at the root of problems that social workers confront daily, including various mental health disorders and addictions. Current research, however, has not adequately explored the role of religion and spirituality in causing and treating chronic shame. In this article, the author synthesizes and analyzes a wide range of literature from secular and faith-based sources to present the causes and consequences of shame; discuss the interaction of religion and spirituality with the development and healing of shame; and consider implications for clinical practice.

The effects of independent and interdependent self-construals on reactions to transgressions: distinguishing between guilt and shame

The self-conscious emotions of guilt and shame are commonly distinguished by the self-reflective processes that foster these emotions. Distinctions based on resulting behavioral reactions, however, have been questioned in recent studies highlighting the role of different self-motivations. The current work draws on the self-construal literature to further clarify the antecedents and consequences of guilt and shame. We hypothesized that conceptualizing the self as independent from (vs. interdependent with) others fosters behavior-related (vs. self-related) cognitions typically associated with guilt (vs. shame). Additionally, we predicted that the deleterious consequences of shame for externalizing blame are more characteristic of independent (vs. interdependent) selves. These hypotheses were supported across two studies that measured (Study 1) and primed (Study 2) self-construals. Overall, our results suggest that the cognitive reactions associated with guilt and shame are differently encouraged by independent and interdependent self-construals.

‘Shame on you’: The language, practice and consequences of shame and shaming in asylum seeker advocacy

The struggle to change negative responses to asylum seekers is becoming more difficult due to global economic insecurity and increasing numbers of people seeking asylum. Effective and persuasive advocacy and activism to shift these opinions and create better outcomes for asylum seekers are critical. As for all social movements, how advocates engage the wider public, particularly those opposed to asylum seeking, is key to gaining support for this project. In this article, I use discourse analysis as a method for identifying both current activist discourses and rhetorical strategies, and how these shape the responses of the opposition. Using letters to the editor, online comments and media articles from a 2010–2011 Australian debate on the relocation of asylum seekers to a small South Australian town, I explore a particular strategy for change used in asylum seeker advocacy: eliciting shame. I identify two ways that shaming is ‘done’ – through expressions of contempt and disgust, and through a comparison of privilege and oppression. However, the analysis of the responses to this shaming demonstrates that, rather than provoking the hoped-for change, shaming actually elicits its opposite: flight or fight responses of denial, avoidance and escalating conflict.

The relevance of shame in child protection work

Shame has been a neglected topic within social work. Whilst other professions such as psychology and psychotherapy have explored the relevance of shame, social work has been slow to respond. This paper argues that shame is of great importance to child protection work. The causes and consequences of shame are explored. It is proposed that the roots of shame lie in the first few years of life and arise as a result of prolonged periods of lack of attunement between the child and his primary carers. The implications for social work and ways of working with shame are discussed. It is argued that shame is omnipresent within child protection work and that without an understanding of shame, social workers are likely to work in ways which further add to a person's sense of shame.

Exposing Shame and Its Effect on Clinical Nursing Education

Shame is identified as a universal dynamic in education. Brain-based learning theory suggests negative emotions like shame have a powerfully detrimental effect on learning. Shame theory may explain why students have difficulty identifying with professional nursing culture. Yet shame has neither been directly described nor referred to in the context of clinical nursing education. Accordingly, the aim of this article is to raise awareness among nurse educators about shame and its potential effect on students' ability to learn in clinical nursing education. This article examines shame in its many manifestations; the power to shame inherent in the clinical context; the consequences of shame on students' ability to learn; and, finally, the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed by nurse educators to heal and prevent shaming in clinical nursing education.

The Importance of Students' Goals in Their Emotional Experience of Academic Failure: Investigating the Precursors and Consequences of Shame

This article uses the emotion of shame as an example for exploring relations of students' goals and emotions. Using the framework of self-regulation and motivation, the article discusses the precursors and consequences of this potentially devastating emotion. The research suggests that motivational and goal-related processes may be associated with triggering a shame reaction, but that they also can contribute to shame resiliency. Specifically, the article argues that having clear, important future goals-for which the course grade or course information is instrumentally connected-particularly facilitates students' recovery from a shame reaction. The article concludes, however, that having future goals that supply motivating power for students to engage in learning activities is not sufficient to bring about shame recovery. For students to obtain their future academic goals, they must have a repertoire of study strategies and volitional strategies as well as self-monitoring strategies, metacognitive strategies, and self-regulation that will facilitate the acquisition of immediate learning goals.

The State of Shame: Australian Multiculturalism and the Crisis of Indigenous Citizenship

I know I have hurt you. But I want to make (it) up to you, repair the rupture, bridge the rift between us, heal the pain that I have caused. I want us to imagine a place where the possibility of our hurting each other does not exist. Where we can each be our different selves without shame, without fear, without alienation. True partners in peace. A world of brothers and sisters. A world of recognition and enhancement. This is the right thing to do: to heal, to move on, to found and enter a New Society.

Attending to the shame: Working with addicted populations

Shame is a potent emotion that plays a major role in the life of addicted individuals. Shame's ability to penetrate and skew major motivational systems may play a part in the formation of addicted lifestyles. The shame-based or shame-prone individual, such as the addicted client, poses unique problems for the therapist. This paper explicates the processes and consequences of shame and offers guidelines to help clinicians work with addicted clients.