Consequences Of Hypothermia Research Articles

УСЛОВИЯ ТРУДА ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ, ВЫПОЛНЯЮЩИХ АГРОТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ОПЕРАЦИИ В САДАХ И ВИНОГРАДНИКАХ

This article presents research data on the working conditions of students who perform agrotechnical operations in orchards and vineyards at low temperatures. The main hazards and difficulties faced by students are presented. The direct harm that these factors can cause to the psychological and physical health of the student is described. Medical substantiations of industrial injuries are given, data are presented that reflect the danger of non-compliance with safety precautions when working at low temperatures, and possible consequences of hypothermia caused by non-compliance with safety precautions are presented. The article provides recommendations, in particular, the implementation of the issuance of gloves to students, briefing on the correct selection of clothing and other safety measures that will improve the working conditions of students, reduce the level of industrial injuries, improve the quality of work, reduce the level of physical and psychological stress on the student , as well as to increase the levels of assimilation of educational material given in practical classes. Recommendations are also given, during the implementation of which the student will be able to independently reduce the level of exposure to cold on the body and protect himself from the negative effects of hypothermia. Also, in order to improve the working conditions of the student, measures were proposed to equip places of rest and heating for students performing work in gardens and vineyards during the cold season. Thanks to the analysis of medically justified data, it was possible to put forward a number of rationalization proposals that can be easily implemented in the conditions of the Kuban educational farm of the Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin. The implementation of these recommendations will significantly improve the student's working conditions, as it will reduce the direct cold load on the student's body, which will allow him to perform the tasks assigned to him much more efficiently without negative consequences for physical and psychological health.

Challenges of Minimizing Heat Loss at Birth: A Narrative Overview of Evidence-Based Thermal Care Interventions

Evidence-based thermal care recommendations designed to minimize heat loss immediately at birth are readily available however, hypothermia still persists as a global challenge especially when caring for the most immature and smallest preterm infants. In this narrative overview we aim to provide the reader with a succinct summary of the causes and consequences of hypothermia, the extent of the problem (rates of hypothermia), principles of good thermal care, delivery room preventative measures, the research evidence underpinning existing interventions, current issues in practice, and the way forward. Due to the plethora of research literature available in this subject area, our article will focus primarily on evidence derived from systematic reviews and randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of interventions to prevent hypothermia in the most vulnerable (preterm/low birth weight) infants where the intervention or combination of interventions is applied immediately at birth.

Mo1158 IL-1 Receptor Signaling Mediates Postoperative Ileus in a Mouse Model of Intestinal Manipulation

neuromuscular function by increasing basal tone and response to cholinergic stimulus. These effects are not reversible after short-term observation. It is known that temperature affects both the ionic conductances and the rate constants modulating the action potential propagation in giant squid axon. We hypothesize that temperature gradients, by changing the ion dynamics, could influence the electrochemical behaviour of intestinal muscle, with a memory effect which should require long time to be deleted. Further studies are needed to establish the exact involved mechanisms in order to better understand clinical consequences of hypothermia during abdominal surgery.

Prevention of perioperative hypothermia in plastic surgery

While inadvertent perioperative hypothermia has received serious attention in many surgical specialties, few discussions of hypothermia have been published in the plastic surgery literature. This article reviews the physiology of thermoregulation, describes how both general and regional anesthesia alter the normal thermoregulatory mechanisms, indicates risk factors particularly associated with hypothermia, and discusses the most effective current methods for maintaining normothermia. Hypothermia is typically defined as a core body temperature of </=36 degrees C (</=96.8 degrees F), though patient outcomes are reportedly better when a temperature of >/=36.5 degrees C is maintained. Unless preventive measures are instituted, inadvertent hypothermia occurs in 50% to 90% of surgical patients, even those undergoing relatively short procedures lasting one to one-and-a-half hours. During either general or regional anesthesia, a patient's natural behavioral and autonomic responses to cold are unavailable or impaired, and the combination of general and neuraxial anesthesia produces the highest risk for inadvertent perioperative hypothermia. Unless hypothermia is prevented, the restoration of normothermia can take more than 4 hours once anesthesia is stopped. Consequences of hypothermia are serious and affect surgical outcomes in plastic surgery patients. Potential complications include morbid cardiac events, coagulation disorders and blood loss, increased incidence of surgical wound infection, postoperative shivering, longer hospital stays, and increased costs associated with surgery. Measures for preventing hypothermia are emphasized in this article, especially those proven most effective in prospective and controlled clinical studies. Perhaps the most important step in maintaining normothermia is to prewarm patients in the preoperative area with forced-air heating systems. Intraoperative warming with forced-air and fluid warming are also essential. Other strategies include maintaining an ambient operating room temperature of approximately 73 degrees F (22.8 degrees C), covering as much of the body surface as possible, and aggressively treating postoperative shivering. None of these measures can be adequately employed unless a patient's core body temperature is monitored throughout the perioperative period. Prevention of perioperative hypothermia is neither difficult nor expensive. Proper preventive measures can reduce the risk of complications and adverse outcomes, and eliminate hours of needless pain and misery for our patients.

Therapeutic Hypothermia.

Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. weglinski.margaret@mayo.eduTherapeutic Hypothermia. Edited by Stephan A. Mayer, M.D., and Daniel I. Sessler, M.D. New York, Marcel Dekker, 2005. Pages: 648. Price: $149.95.For many years, the therapeutic use of induced hypothermia was largely limited to cardiopulmonary bypass–facilitated cardiac—and less commonly, cerebrovascular—surgery. That all changed in the mid 1980s, when several laboratories demonstrated in animal models that mild hypothermia (33°–35°C) resulted in protection of the brain against ischemic and traumatic injuries. These discoveries rapidly led to the application of mild to moderate hypothermia in various clinical situations, including operative neurosurgery, stroke, cardiac arrest, and head trauma. Numerous uncontrolled studies began to appear in the literature. Other studies suggested that mild perioperative hypothermia was associated with an increased incidence of bleeding, infectious, and cardiovascular complications. Despite these conflicting study results, a 2003 survey from Great Britain and Ireland reported that hypothermia was being used in more than 50% of patients undergoing cerebral aneurysm surgery.It is against this historical backdrop that Therapeutic Hypothermia arrives on the scene. As the editors mention in the preface, one of the reasons therapeutic hypothermia has attracted such intense interest is because pharmacologic interventions have consistently failed to improve outcome after various neurologic injuries. As more is learned about the mechanisms of hypothermia-induced neuroprotection, physicians are becoming more inclined to treat body temperature like other physiologic variables and optimize it for each individual patient. This constitutes a new field of medicine that influences many areas of clinical practice: neurologic and cardiac surgery, critical care medicine, emergency medicine, neurology, and neurosurgery. Therapeutic Hypothermia is meant to be a comprehensive reference on this emerging field of medicine. It consists of 17 chapters written by an international collection of 26 authors. The chapters are grouped into four sections: Thermoregulation, Consequences of Hypothermia, Therapeutic Temperature Modulation, and Clinical Applications of Therapeutic Hypothermia. Chapters within the first three sections lay the scientific groundwork to better explain how and why hypothermia has been used in the clinical arena. I found that, throughout the book, each chapter provided enough background information on its topic to allow it to stand alone and therefore allow me to read the chapters that interested me first and then fill in my knowledge gaps by perusing the supporting chapters later. As with any multiauthor textbook, there is a small amount of repetition among the chapters, but for the most part, readers are appropriately referred to other chapters to avoid this. The text is easy to read, but some of the black-and-white figures are small and often dwarfed by their accompanying legends.The editors, Stephan A. Mayer, M.D. (Columbia University, New York, New York), and Daniel I. Sessler, M.D. (University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky), should be commended for having the foresight to publish a book that attempts to summarize all that is currently known about therapeutic hypothermia. The book does an excellent job of organizing and synthesizing the multitude of studies performed in this rapidly growing field, many of which come to conflicting conclusions. It belongs in the reference library of every department of anesthesiology, critical care medicine, neurosurgery, cardiac surgery, emergency medicine, and neurology. It is a book that will no doubt require future editions to keep current with all that is being published in the field. This is probably best demonstrated by the fact that the results of the Intraoperative Hypothermia for Aneurysm Surgery Trial, Part 2 (IHAST2), were not yet published at the time this book went to press and so are not included in the text (although they are alluded to in the foreword by Michael Todd, M.D., The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa). I am hoping the next edition will include not only the IHAST2 results, but reports of yet more intriguing research in this promising field.Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. weglinski.margaret@mayo.edu

Physiological Effects of Hypothermia on Queen Honeybees Apis mellifera

Tolerance to and biological consequences of hypothermia of queen honeybees are studied. Sequence of their responses to hypothermia is traced and resistance to freezing is determined. There is revealed an effect upon reproductive function of cooling to the state close to freezing.

Intraoperative hypothermia associated with lower extremity tourniquet deflation

Study Objective: To determine the rapidity and extent of core temperature decrease following release of a lower extremity pneumatic tourniquet. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Inpatient surgery in a university trauma center. Patients: 11 ASA status I and II adults undergoing unilateral lower extremity fracture fixation in which a tourniquet was used, with general anesthesia. Interventions: Temperature was measured in the esophagus before and after lower extremity tourniquet release. Measurements and Main Results: Tourniquet times ranged from 41 to 129 minutes (mean 98.5 ± 9.1 minutes). Following tourniquet deflation core temperature decreased in all patients, with a maximal decline at 10 minutes, the termination of measurements, although trending downward. Esophageal temperature decreased an average of 0.46 °C ± 0.2 °C at 5 minutes, and 0.67 °C ± 0.2 °C at 10 minutes following tourniquet release, respectively. Temperature changes were significant ( p = 0.0001) at both time intervals. Conclusion: Core temperature drops significantly immediately following release of the tourniquet at the esophageal temperature monitoring site. This decrease is the result of cooling of systemic blood reperfusing the hypothermic limb, and mixing of cool, “washed out” blood with the systemic circulation. As the consequences of hypothermia are well-known, we recommend core temperature monitoring in all patients having lower extremity tourniquet placed during general anesthesia, as well as vigilant monitoring for prolonged effects of anesthetics in the postoperative period.

Hypothermia and Rewarming after Cardiac Surgery

Ensuring adequate oxygen delivery to the tissues with respect to oxygen demand is an important operative challenge during cardiac surgery. The state of the art in myocardial preservation in the 1990s has evolved to include pretreatment of the myocardium; intraoperative use of systemic hypothermia with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), topical cooling of the myocardium, cold cardioplegia, and myocardial reperfusion; and postoperative oxygen transport support. These techniques optimize myocardial preservation while providing adequate cardiac surgery operative times by decreasing the myocardial ischemic period, decreasing cellular metabolic requirements, and preserving energy stores. Awareness of the physiologic consequences of hypothermia in the postoperative cardiac patient improves nursing assessment of the hypothermic patient. Appropriate temperature monitoring and reporting support timely medical and nursing interventions for hypothermia, such as internal and external rewarming techniques or drug administration to facilitate the rewarming process and suppress or treat shivering. This article addresses the physiologic condition of hypothermia, the elective hypothermia techniques used during cardiac surgery, and the medical or nursing rewarming and management techniques for the postoperative cardiac surgery patient.

Hypothermia and its attempted control in newborn piglets

The newborn piglet is prone to hypothermia because of the body heat which is lost in evaporating birth fluids from its surface and because the climatic environment provided for the piglet at birth can be sub-optimal. If deep body temperature drops by over 2°C from the norm of 39° C the pig suffers from reduced locomotor vigour and becomes, more lethargic (Stephens, 1971). Such disadvantages can make the piglet less effective in competing for a teat and colostrum and also more prone to be overlain by the dam (English and Morrison, 1983). Because of the possible consequences of hypothermia, therefore, there is a need to quantify piglet body temperature trends from birth in the variable conditions provided for farrowing and to develop improved approaches for reducing the problem.Studies in newborn piglets were conducted on a large commercial unit in which farrowing took place in pens with solid floored front creeps with underfloor heating, while the remainder of the pen floor was of woven wire. Mean temperatures (4 cm above floor level) in the front creep and the remainder of the pen were 22.6°C and 21.4°C respectively. Rectal temperature (at a depth of 4 cm) was recorded using a hand held digital thermometer in 168 piglets in 17 litters at 10 minute intervals in the first hour of life, at hourly intervals thereafter up to 10 hours and also at hourly intervals from 24 to 36 hours of age.