Consequences Of Fighting Research Articles

African-American and Latino Parents' Attitudes and Beliefs Regarding Adolescent Fighting and Its Prevention.

Adolescent fighting affects 25% of youth, with the highest rates among African-Americans and Latinos but little is known about parental views on youth fighting. The purpose of this study was to examine African-American and Latino parents' perspectives on adolescent fighting and methods to prevent fighting. We conducted four focus groups with parents of African-American and Latino urban adolescents. Focus groups were stratified by race/ethnicity and fighting status. Groups were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed by three independent coders using thematic content analysis. Seventy-six percent of the 17 participants were female. Latino parents condoned fighting only as a last resort, and taught children about consequences of fighting, emotional regulation, and non-violent conflict-resolution strategies. African-American parents endorsed teaching non-violent strategies, but expressed some doubts about their effectiveness. African-American parents also suggested corporal punishment, but acknowledged that this may not be an optimal long-term strategy. Positive role modeling and involvement by teachers and other adults were cited as having important roles in fighting prevention. Suggested interventions included teaching adolescents non-violent conflict-resolution skills, anger management, and alternatives to fighting. Parents recommended that violence prevention programs incorporate the experiences of former fighters and be tailored to community needs. Study findings suggest that youth violence-prevention programs may benefit from addressing parental attitudes towards fighting and parent-child communication about fighting, teaching adolescents non-violent conflict-resolution skills, and tailoring programs by race/ethnicity. Promoting positive modeling and involvement by teachers and other adults also may be beneficial.

Eight survival strategies in traumatic stress.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in its fourth criterion relies on the consequences of fight and flight survival responses. However, this limits understanding of a much wider variety of stress responses from other survival strategies. Information from a variety of disciplines suggests eight survival strategies including fight and flight. The anatomy, physiology, cognitions, emotions, and social expressions of these strategies are described in animals, and human infants and adults. A wider variety of survival strategies enriches conceptualization of PTSD and apparent comorbid phenomena. Language: en

Ganges, Cambridge, Chicago, Edinburgh, Cambridge... Values and Public Health

In the Indian epic, Mahabarata, on the eve of battle Arjuna, a great warrior, argues with Krishna, a deity in human form. The battle that is to take place is in the just cause of ousting usurpers to the throne. The problem for Arjuna is not the justice of the cause, but the fact that he will be responsible for great misery and slaughter. It is made worse in that some of the usurpers, that he will undoubtedly slay, are his relatives. Duty calls for him to fight. Concern at the consequences of fighting gives him pause. Krishna argues that he must do his duty regardless of the consequences. Arjuna worries about conse quences [1]. In traditional Indian religious thinking, Krishna's side of the argument - duty rather than consequences - is seen to have won. Amartya Sen takes issue with this. He lays claim to the importance of consequences in evaluating human action [2]. This debate of whether social action should pri marily be driven by concern with outcomes, the state of the public's health for example, or by doing the right thing such as respect for individual rights, is one of the great issues that Johan Mackenbach's Euro pean travels lead him to contemplate [3]. The other is the role of altruism in public health action. Both bear further examination. If Mackenbach's travels to lands real and imaginary lead him to consider the role of ideology in public health, in such an important way, then we should all make sure he keeps his passport up to date. Perhaps the rest of us need to get out more.

Fighting between two females for a male in the hoolock gibbon

I observed fighting between two adult females for an adult male in a group of hoolock gibbons (Hylobates hoolock)during fieldwork conducted between November 1988 and December 1990 at Lawachara in the West Bhanugach Reserve Forest, Sylhet, Bangladesh. I discuss the history of the episodes and the consequences of fighting.