Consequences Of Corruption Research Articles

Essential lessons from an unpromising source: what reformers can learn from the Philippines on corruption control

PurposeCorruption control in the Republic of the Philippines (RP) has hardly failed, but it is not (yet) a success story either. Dramatic “people power” episodes have occurred, but populism has also, at times, led to repression. Still, essential reform lessons are available.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual reassessment of corruption control. Central concerns include the types of corruption experienced in the country, incentives that might sustain collective action, the need to measure both corruption and reform, and linking reform to citizens’ quality of life.FindingsTop-down, whole-country approaches to reform often treat corruption as if it were the same everywhere, thereby emphasizing “best practices”. However, that can be misleading: a best practice in one society might be irrelevant, impossible, or harmful in another. Contemporary reformers must carefully examine the historical, social, economic, and political contexts, as well as the consequences of corruption. Groups and activities seemingly unrelated to corruption control can prove essential. Reformers must fight corruption with people, not for them.Originality/valueThe ultimate goal of reform must be justice: redressing imbalances of power while building social and political trust.

Corruption in the Nigerian Public Sector: Causes, Consequences and Sustainable Solutions

Corruption in Nigeria's public sector has long hindered the nation's development, stability, and prosperity. It permeates various facets of governance and society, leading to detrimental consequences, including economic stagnation, social injustice, and the erosion of public trust. Historical factors, such as the legacy of colonial exploitation and successive post-independence governments' mismanagement, have entrenched a culture of corruption. Despite efforts to combat it, including the establishment of anti-corruption agencies like the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and the Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (ICPC), corruption remains pervasive. This study adopts a qualitative research design to explore the complex dynamics of corruption in Nigeria's public sector. Using Albert Bandura's social learning theory as the theoretical framework, and it explores how corrupt behaviors are observed, imitated, and reinforced within the public administration. The research identifies multiple causes of corruption, including institutional weaknesses, economic pressures, and cultural norms, which create an environment conducive to corrupt practices. The consequences of corruption are enormous: It undermines economic growth and development, deters foreign direct investment, exacerbates poverty and inequality, erodes public trust in government, and fuels political unrest and instability. Addressing corruption requires a comprehensive approach involving the strengthening of institutional frameworks, promoting transparency and accountability, improving public sector management, and fostering a culture of ethical leadership. Sustainable solutions to combat corruption include; enhancing the capacities of anti-corruption agencies, to be independent of the executive body, implementing public procurement reforms, ensuring budget transparency, and enforcing stringent anti-corruption measures.

КОРРУПЦИЯ КАК СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ ЯВЛЕНИЕ

The article analyzes the influence of corruption on the social life of society. The causes and consequences of corruption are considered, the importance of negative social consequences is emphasized. It was revealed that if a distortion of social, political, economic foundations is identified in a state, then there is a degradation of social relations due to the weakening of legal institutions, then the level of corruption will be high. Effective measures to combat corruption aimed at strengthening social norms in society are summarized and listed

Public Sector Corruption in Nepal: Causes and Consequences

The research paper discusses corruption in Nepal's public sector, a significant challenge in the development agenda. The main objective of this study is to find the causes and consequences of corruption in the public sector. This study used primary and secondary data to determine the causes and consequences of corruption in Nepal. The results found that the political, court, and administration sectors are the most corruption-prone zones, losing the government's credibility. The leading causes of corruption are non-compliance with existing rules and regulations, lack of political commitment, transparency, accountability, consistency, and institutional weaknesses. Corruption reduces competitiveness and increases the cost of living, becoming a significant obstacle to economic growth, social development, and political stability. The government has taken various measures to combat corruption, including establishing anti-corruption bodies and laws. However, these measures have yet to be effective in curbing corruption, and there is a need for more significant reforms. The political leader, bureaucrats, civil society, and media should take responsibility for controlling corruption in the public sector of Nepal.

Committing corruption-related crimes in commercial and other organizations and ways to counter them

Relevance. The relevance of the research is due to the need to improve the measures of criminal law in connection with the multiplicity of complex issues and consequences of corruption and its criminal manifestations. Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the state of corruption in commercial and other organizations and identify ways to counter this phenomenon. Methodology. The theoretical approach, the dogmatic approach, the formal legal approach, the method of legal hermeneutics, the method of deduction should be noted among the methodological approaches used. The concept of a corruption crime was analyzed through the prism of various approaches, namely, doctrinal, legislative and departmental. Results. Clear criteria were established, which made it possible to minimize disagreements in the legal assessment of acts as corrupt. The issue of the negative impact of corruption on the public life of the state as a whole was also considered, necessitating analysis of the existing preventive anti-corruption measures. It was noted that at the moment there are positive results in filling positions in the state executive bodies in a manner that is based on meritocracy principles. A special role in counteracting corruption-related crimes is occupied by preventive educational measures among the population in relation to these crimes. An equally important aspect is the identification of the need for further implementation of the provisions of international conventions, which are effective preventive tools for abuse of po0hwer for mercenary purposes, into the current domestic legal framework. Conclusions. The practical value of the results obtained lies in providing ways to improve the effectiveness of the current anti-corruption policy and reduce the incidence of corruption-related crimes.

CORRUPTION IN BULGARIA: CONTEXT, FACTORS AND INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON

This study is focused on defining the reasons, factors, and consequences of corruption in Bulgaria in a comparative context. A strong non-linear interplay is demonstrated between political stability and corruption perceptions. Analysing the complex interaction between the dynamics of the Corruption Index and the three indicators of quality of public governance, we admit that the indicators are directly related to the effectiveness of government policy in terms of suppressing the potential for corruption, on the one hand, and to the public perception of government effectiveness, on the other. In countries demonstrating high anti-corruption scores, the Political Stability and Control of Corruption indicators have a direct impact on the Corruption Index. In low-rated countries, including Bulgaria, no direct influence on corruption is observed for any of the three indicators of quality of government.

The Impact of Implementing Good Corporate Governance Mechanisms and Compliance Programs in Combating Corruption in Egyptian Companies: A Case Study from Egypt

In recent years, there has been increasing interest and demand for the application of good corporate governance mechanisms and compliance programs as a means of reducing corruption in institutional companies. Since corporate corruption is widespread in all societies, both developed and developing, and since corruption has a serious impact on economic, sustainable, and social development, there has been widespread agreement that the application of good corporate governance mechanisms and compliance programs are effective tools that can reduce the serious consequences of corruption in large companies. Therefore, this study aimed to study the impact of the application of different corporate governance mechanisms and compliance programs on reducing corporate corruption. The study also included the advantages and disadvantages of each corporate governance mechanism according to the latest findings of experimental studies. The study also assessed the extent to which Egyptian companies comply with the Egyptian legislation and laws issued for corporate governance, and identified the best mechanisms that can be applied in Egyptian companies to govern those companies and implement compliance programs, and the impact of the application of good governance in reducing Egyptian corporate corruption, increasing employee and customer satisfaction, and reducing the depletion of company resources. In addition, the study addressed the main challenges facing Egyptian companies in implementing good corporate governance and compliance. The results of the study indicated that corporate governance mechanisms proposed by most international agencies and organizations concerned with combating corruption have an effective impact in reducing corruption in companies. However, to achieve the desired results from each good corporate governance mechanism, recent experimental studies have proposed some requirements or precautions that companies or governments can commit to to maximize the benefits of these mechanisms. On the other hand, the results of the study showed that Egyptian companies, both in the private and public sectors, have taken serious steps in implementing good corporate governance and implementing compliance programs. However, companies do not fully comply with the instructions of good corporate governance, and there are still some shortcomings in the implementation of good corporate governance and compliance programs. These shortcomings are due to several different reasons, which are mainly related to the non-mandatory nature of corporate governance in Egypt, in addition to the lack of sufficient incentives for companies to implement the proposed programs. Keywords: Governance mechanisms – compliance programs – corruption

Measurements, determinants, causes, and consequences of corruption: lessons from China’s anti-corruption campaign

Measurements, determinants, causes, and consequences of corruption: lessons from China’s anti-corruption campaign

Causes and Consequences of Corruption in Schools: The Role of Prevention and Control Promoted by Leaders’ Moral Impetus

We explored the moderated mediating effect of the causes of corruption in schools on its consequences through prevention and control promoted by leaders’ moral impetus. We surveyed 81 Taiwanese elementary and secondary schools; 1,024 school principals, administrative staff, teachers, and parents completed valid questionnaires, which we analyzed using structural equation modeling. Corruption prevention and control promoted by leaders’ moral impetus partially mediated the relationship between the causes and consequences of corruption. Plundering (non-criminal form) increased and law-breaking behavior (criminal form) weakened the intensity of corruption prevention and control promoted by leaders’ moral impetus. Educational leaders should use moral leadership to decrease plundering and establish whistleblowing mechanisms on social media to support corruption prevention and control to hinder law-breaking behaviors.

UPAYA NON PENAL PENANGGULANGAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI OLEH KOMISI PEMBERANTASAN KORUPSI REPUBLIK INDONESIA PERIODE 2012-2015

Non-penal efforts are one of the efforts to tackle crime, including corruption crimes. The purpose of this study is to explain the KPK's non-penal efforts to tackle corruption. The method used is literature study with primary and secondary law materials. The result is that KPK's non-penal efforts are prevention efforts that complement efforts to eradicate corruption. The form of using the mass media to form public opinion about the consequences of corruption and criminal sanctions. In addition, it also encourages the formation of national mental health in state and government institutions, community organizations, political parties, the involvement of community organizations and universities in tackling corruption crimes.
 
 Keywords: Non-penal efforts, KPK, Corruption.

Corruption: Cancer for the System

Today corruption is a very hot debating topic around the world. This research paper is dealing with causes, consequences and possible cures of the corruption. Corruption is one of the biggest threats to the well-being of a society. Corruption hinders the growth of the country. Corruption is going to exist in future if people will not become aware and strict laws and their strict implementation. Corruption is not a new phenomenon but it has attracted much attention in recent times and it has increased as well. This paper discusses the causes and consequences of corruption, especially in the context of development of country. Corruption is a major obstacle in the process of economic development and in modernizing a country. Many people now feel that it should receive priority attention in a country’s development agenda. Corruption has devastating impacts on economic and societal development of any country. It is this paper’s aim to on corruption and its causes and effects. This paper is not dealing with the historical background of corruption and it’s types.

Private Sector Corruption in Vietnam: From Legislation to its Impact on the Economy

Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze Vietnamese legal legislation regarding corruption in the private sector, identify its current shortcomings, and assess its impact on the Vietnamese economy since its adoption in 2018.
 
 Theoretical framework: There have been many studies to assess corruption in Vietnam in many aspects, including the overview of corruption in Vietnam, the influence of corruption on economic development, and the consequences of corruption. However, there is still much to investigate and learn about the impact of the current provisions on corruption in the private sector on Vietnam’s economy.
 
 Design/methodology/approach: The study uses secondary data from the Provincial Competitiveness Index Report (PCI Vietnam) issued by the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI) in collaboration with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Besides, the article analyzes Vietnam's Corruption Control Index (CCI), which is assessed annually by the World Bank (WB). At the same time, the authors refer to the data on Vietnam's GDP and make a comparison with the CC index to clarify the article’s objective. The authors also use a qualitative method by analyzing previous studies to assess the corruption in the private sector in Vietnam, the rules of law concerning private corruption, and its impact on the economy.
 
 Findings: Vietnam has had specific legislative achievements in criminalizing private corruption in the 2015 Criminal Law and promulgating anti-corruption provisions in the 2018 Anti-Corruption Law. These regulations had a positive impact on Vietnam's economy. However, corruption in the private sector in Vietnam is quite severe, especially bribery in business.
 
 Research, Practical & Social implications: We suggest future research of in-depth analysis of the causes and effects of specific kinds of corruption acts in the private sector.
 
 Originality/value: The results indicate that the new provisions on corruption in the private sector since it was adopted have positively affected the development of Vietnam's economy and the fight against corruption.

The consequences of corruption and anti-corruption measures

In the period of globalization, this article covers the corruption and its detrimental effects, which are on the rise globally. There were opinions that corruption hinders the growth of the state and society.

Consequences of corruption: determinants of public servants’ job satisfaction and performance

Little research has focused on the consequences of corruption on civil servants’ performance outside OECD countries. Yet, corruption is endemic in many countries, and it is unclear how it affects performance and how can organizations use HRM practices to tackle the issue. While most research remains at the national level, we explored corruption’s impact at the individual level of performance. To test these issues, we obtained a unique data set from 1,344 civil servants in Bhutan via a random sampling of the entire civil servants’ population. We contribute to the theory of planned-action/behavior by testing empirically a model linking corruption, job-satisfaction, selected HRM practices and performance. The findings support the ‘sand in the wheel’ theoretical perspective of corruption. The results of SEM analysis reveal that job-satisfaction mediates the relationship between corruption and individual performance. Corruption exhibits an indirect negative one performance via job-satisfaction. Moreover, autonomy, performance-management and promotion opportunities improve job-satisfaction. The lack of linkage between some HRM practices and performance calls into question the contextual application of HRM practices. We offer practical insights into how civil servants’ job-satisfaction and performance can be improved by promoting ethical, anti-corruption policies along with contextualized HRM policies to enhance job-satisfaction.

Communication Process to Promote Public Participation in Anti-Corruption of People in Muang Chiang Mai District

This research was a mixed-method research. The objectives were to study the situation, condition, problems, and communication process in promoting participation in anti-corruption of people in Muang District, Chiang Mai Province. The result was synthesized into a body of knowledge and a guide book, which was assessed the standard as the last step. The population and data sample were 400 people in Mueang Chiang Mai District, which were randomly randomized (Accidental Sampling) from 16 sub-districts aged between 18-80 years with the validity of the sample size at +95% and the errors at +5. The three-part questionnaire was used to collect the data. The second data group was the content analysis presented in 2017 of Chiang Mai News, Thai News, Rob Wiang Chiang Mai radio program, WE TV news, and Chiang Mai Mai Kong radio program. The media content was selected with multi-stage randomization, while the data collection tool was coding sheets. The third data sample group was the interview of 21 people who were directors, editors and journalists from the local mass media, local independent media, a group of academics in mass media, law and social sciences, the leader of public sectors, the community leaders, and officers in the Chiang Mai Office of the National Anti-Corruption Commission (ONACC) and Office of Public Sector Anti-Corruption Commission (PACC). The semi-structured interview was conducted as the data collection tools. The data were analyzed for frequency, percentage, and standard deviation. The research results revealed that people in Mueang Chiang Mai District were the middle class with urban lifestyle with slight involvement with local and the lower classes which had a rural lifestyle. The middle-aged and older were groups that had highly engagement with communities. The media usage and participation behaviors of Mueang Chiang Mai District residents found that most of them use Facebook, LINE, and Instagram. They participated with liking and sharing through social media, only 10.5 percent of them had ever participated in the social movement. The results of the anti-corruption participation found that local media did not attach importance to presenting corruption news for fear of harm, while some had mutual benefits with local politicians. For the anti-corruption agencies such as the NACC and PACC emphasis, it was placed on the corruption combat training of local civil servants and officials. By this, the guideline suggested that the communication process should be divided into two groups: the middle class should use online media to communicate, and the lower-class should apply meetings, community media, and affordable online media as the tool, while the community leaders were the mainstay of communication. The anti-corruption organizations must primarily support the formation of groups with budget, knowledge, and safety. An important aspect of participation is the safety of members and whistleblowers including avoiding conflicts igniting in the community. The communication strategy must provide knowledge and consequences of corruption, the inequality that leads to corruption, protection laws, and safety.

CORRUPTION OFFENCES EDUCATION LITERACY IN PREVENTING THE LOSS OF NATIONAL TREASURES: A REVIEW OF CHALLENGES AND CONCERNS

This paper’s primary objective is to deconstruct the concerns and challenges that are related with the culture of corruption or viewed as the underlying cause of corruption problems in our country. In light of this circumstance, corruption offences education literacy plays a crucial role in educating the community against corruption. The topics discussed in this article include (i) Integrity, (ii) Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC), (iii) Community Role, and (iv) Youth Awareness Efforts. The results of the study present eight (8) mandatory measures to combat corruption, namely 1. Understanding the Characteristics of Corrupt Acts and Gift Giving, 2. Eliminating the Corruption Culture and Abuse of Power as a Standard of Living in the Community, 3. Shaping Public Perception against Corruption in Politics, 4. Educating the Public about the Consequences of Corruption on the National Administrative System, 5. Developing Institutions and Strategies to Combat Corruption, 6. Stressing the Importance of Fighting Corruption Through Experiential Learning, 7. Diverse Methods of Combating Corruption in the Past and Present, and 8. Corruption Law Enforcement and Punishment. The goal of the future study should be to demonstrate that corruption will not be eradicated in the near future whereby education must emphasise learning via the experience of the younger generation in order to instil the nature of integrity, strong spirit, and ethical values, as well as high discipline, so that individuals can build a strong sense of self and fight all sorts of corruption, thus should be prominent in society so as to abolish the culture of corruption in Malaysia.

THE FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY

This article describes the concept of corruption and its content, various scientific and theoretical views on corruption, as well as the possible causes and consequences of corruption. They also discussed in detail the large-scale legal reforms aimed at preventing corruption in the country, state anti-corruption programs and mechanisms for their implementation, as well as best practices in combating corruption in developed countries. The author of the article emphasizes the importance of building immunity in the fight against corruption in the life of society in the Republic of Uzbekistan, and makes recommendations for the prevention of corruption based on the analysis of reforms and government programs in this area.

Mistresses, mothers, and headscarves: media representations of women in corruption scandals in Indonesia

ABSTRACT This article engages with the ways through which women were discursively represented in media reports on corruption cases in Indonesia. Moving away from the traps of universalism and essentialism in conceptualising the causes and consequences of corruption, we unpack the dominant views and contextualise corruption in local-historical perspectives. Our main argument is that gendered meanings around women and corruption in Indonesian news media were constituted through the dominant religious and socio-political discourses; and the consequences were the (re)productions of stereotypical and simplistic meanings around women and corruption. Employing critical discourse analysis on 547 selected Indonesian newspaper articles reporting corruption scandals from 2010 to 2020, we identified three key discourses through which meanings around corruption and women were constituted, namely, a discourse of promiscuous sexuality, a discourse of moral ibuism, and a discourse of Islamic piety. The analysis drew attention to the importance of situating corruption and gendered media representation as an intersecting problem embedded in the social, political, religious, and historical contexts; as opposed to the dominant universal, objective, and positivist approaches to corruption studies.

The effects of corruption on China’s provincial eco-efficiency

This paper extends the literature on economic consequences of corruption. We simultaneously consider corruption’s impacts on output, production efficiency, and environmental performance in an eco-efficiency framework. Pollution is considered as undesirable output in the production process. We construct an eco-efficiency measure from a non-oriented data envelopment analysis model that incorporates a non-convex metafrontier, super-efficiency, and undesirable outputs into a directional distance function. By using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 1998 to 2016 in a spatial analysis, we find that corruption, measured by filed-cases of corruption-related crimes, has a significantly negative direct impact on eco-efficiency. The regional spillover effect is not significant for provinces in the same geographical region, but is marginally significant for provinces sharing a common border.

Social Implications of Corruption in Developing Countries: Case Study of Pakistan and India

Abstract Background The existence of corruption threatens all aspect of a society, be that social, economic or political. Corruption is more pronounced in developing countries; however, it attracts very little attention from decision-makers. This paper analyses the social implications (health and education) of corruption in India and Pakistan. According to the Corruption Perception Index Report (2019), these countries are perceived to be the most corrupt ones. Objectives Corruption has been researched enormously with respect to its economic and political consequences, but not much attention has been given to its social implications on human rights. Corruption violates human rights directly or indirectly. Therefore, this paper aims to elaborate the links (direct and indirect) between corruption and human rights and focus on the consequences of corruption on health and education; it also aims to present anti-corruption policies to curb corruption in the investigated countries. Methods The research employs a systematic literature review method (PRISMA-P 2015) that identifies currently available research, selects and assesses contribution, analyses and synthesises data, and presents pieces of evidence with a justified conclusion. It also encourages researchers to apply PRISMA protocols in future researches. Results The results show that more than 80% of the reviewed articles argue that corruption is one of the invincible reasons for the people's dire social condition in India and Pakistan; moreover, corruption remains ignored, which shows that there are gaps to understand how corruption can extremely dent the right to education and health.