Effects Of Colonialism Research Articles

Cultural hybridity and the black diaspora: Representations in contemporary African and African-American narratives

Cultural hybridity stands as a defining characteristic of Black diasporic literature, reflecting the intricate blending of African and Western traditions in the lived experiences of African and African-American communities. This study examines the representation of cultural hybridity in contemporary African and African-American narratives, with a particular focus on its role in shaping complex Black identities. By analyzing novels such as Teju Cole's Open City and Yaa Gyasi’s Homegoing, the paper explores how literature navigates the tensions between ancestral heritage and modernity, community and individuality, and belonging and alienation. Teju Cole’s Open City presents a protagonist grappling with the layered nuances of identity, tracing the intersections of race, class, and global migration. In contrast, Yaa Gyasi’s Homegoing explores generational trauma and cultural continuity, connecting African roots to the fragmented histories of descendants scattered across the diaspora. These works highlight how hybridity serves not only as a site of conflict but also as a source of strength and renewal, enabling characters to embrace multifaceted identities. Through themes such as dual identities, displacement, and cultural negotiation, this paper reveals how Black diasporic literature serves as a lens to explore the fluidity of identity. The study argues that cultural hybridity is not merely a consequence of colonialism or migration but an evolving force that redefines what it means to be African or African-American in a globalized world. Ultimately, these narratives challenge rigid notions of identity, offering a rich tapestry of voices that affirm the resilience and creativity of the Black diaspora.

Experiences and perspectives of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among Indigenous adults living in Manitoba

Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are a health policy target. Indigenous populations are among the highest consumers of SSB in Canada. However, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission calls on governments to recognize health disparities among Indigenous populations as a consequence of colonialism and governmental policies. The purpose of this analysis was to explore emergent perspectives of Indigenous adults on experiences and perspectives of SSB consumption. We conducted a community-based participatory study in partnership with three Indigenous-led organizations. From 2019 to 2022, we completed qualitative interviews with Indigenous adults living in Island Lake Anisininew First Nation, Flin Flon, and Winnipeg's North End, a neighbourhood with high concentration of Indigenous people. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically. Seventy-four adults participated in interviews, including 46 women, 26 men, and two identifying as two-spirit. Many participants, across all three locations, repeatedly and consistently described SSB or sugar as an addiction, which formed the primary theme for this analysis: addictive-like consumption of SSB. Addictive-like SSB consumption included comparison to other addictive substances, loss of control, and physical symptoms resulting from SSB intake (both positive and adverse) or attempting to reduce SSB intake. We identified two other secondary themes, i) perceived drivers and contexts of SSB consumption, and ii) health outcomes as a motivator for change. Perceived drivers or contexts included consuming SSB as a means to cope with stress, boredom, and poverty; SSB intake as being intertwined with other addictions or addictive substances; and drinking alone. In conclusion, addictive-like SSB consumption was reported by Indigenous adults. To address SSB intake among Indigenous populations, trauma-informed approaches should be explored that consider the colonial context.

Whom to Remember – How to Return? Brigitte Schiffer, the Voices of Siwa and the Entangled History of the Berlin School of Ethnomusicology

For some years now, there has been an intense and controversial debate about the relationship between the culture of memory and research into the consequences of colonialism, on the one hand, and the Holocaust, on the other. Michael Rothberg's concept of multidirectional memory and Nathan Sznaider's contribution to the debate on the vanishing points of memory ("Fluchtpunkte der Erinnerung") provide only a few of several examples. Using the recordings of the German-Jewish composer and ethnomusicologist Brigitte Schiffer, made at the oasis of Siwa in the Sahara in 1932/33, as a case study, the article reflects on the implications of this debate for dealing with the so-called Berlin School of comparative musicology. Beyond that, the article asks how the complexity of competing memory discourses affects current approaches and efforts of decolonizing archives and identifies perspectives and strategies for how to handle such collections today, especially regarding the chances and challenges of so-called recirculation.

Racism and sexism: markers of authority-based oppression

Authoritarianism is generally understood as a form of government characterized by blind and absolute obedience to an authority that places itself in the position of unquestionable leader. On this ideological basis, inequalities are perceived and understood as organic and natural. In light of this, racism and sexism are understood as markers of authoritarian oppression. After all, both are based on colonialism and the idea that there are naturally inferior beings to the detriment of others who hold privileges and power. This article, based on a Narrative Literature Review, sought to show that racism and sexism are markers of authoritarian oppression by studying authoritarianism, racism, sexism and coloniality in a relational way. It is concluded that racism and sexism are consequences of coloniality and that they not only have authoritarian bases, but are in themselves typical practices of authoritarianism. The markers of race and gender have been carefully elaborated as essential differences in order to maintain an unequal structure that privileges the white, male and heterosexual elite.

Review: The Settler Sea: California’s Salton Sea and the Consequences of Colonialism, by Traci Brynne Voyles

Review: <i>The Settler Sea: California’s Salton Sea and the Consequences of Colonialism</i>, by Traci Brynne Voyles

The Settler Sea: California's Salton Sea and the Consequences of Colonialism

The Settler Sea: California's Salton Sea and the Consequences of Colonialism

The Settler Sea: California's Salton Sea and the Consequences of Colonialism

The Settler Sea: California's Salton Sea and the Consequences of Colonialism

Discourses on Global North and Global South Partnerships in Internationalization Strategies

This paper explores how international partnerships are conceptualized between core Anglophone, European and African universities. Internationalization strategies are examined from a decolonial lens to situate the findings within a global context that is entangled in the consequences of colonialism and ongoing coloniality that continue to perpetuate global inequities, including devaluing of indigenous and local knowledge. Findings suggest that institutions in the Global North still view Africa, and the Global South in general, from a deficit lens and in need of aid, knowledge and direction. Strategies from the Global North use terms like mentoring, development and poverty reduction when describing their partnerships in the Global South. In contrast, institutions from Africa highlight their desire to be knowledge producers and contribute to research excellence on a global level. Furthermore, institutions in all regions frame strategic international partnerships as those that will boost their reputation or image as they engage in a race for status and global rankings; however, strategies do not describe how they will approach such partnerships in a very uneven global playing field between the Global North and Global South. Finally, the Global South continues to be viewed as a source of international students and as such, partnerships pursued in Africa and the Global South by core-Anglo and European institutions focus on recruitment of students as one of the rationales or benefits of partnerships. Given these findings, international strategies for Global North-South partnerships continue to reproduce colonial hierarchies of privilege, preventing more equitable approaches to partnerships.

An action research case study of the San tsî Khoen Digital Archive 2020-2022

The United Nations declared 2019 the International Year of Indigenous Languages[i] for the promotion of language development, peace, and reconciliation. One of the stated aims of the awareness campaign is the integration of indigenous languages into standard settings, bringing about empowerment through capacity building and through the elaboration of new knowledge. The San tsî Khoen Digital Languages Application &amp; Archive is a project based in the San &amp; Khoi Centre at the University of Cape Town (UCT). Established in 2020 and funded by the Department of Sports, Arts and Culture, it is informed by a co-design digital curation process with the community. The project archives the endangered and erased languages of the indigenous San and Khoi communities of southern Africa, with an initial focus on N|uu and Khoekhoegowab. To obtain this, the project integrates decolonial scholarship within a digital environment of human languages technologies that creates a visibility of not only erased and endangered languages but also indigenous African feminist knowledges that have been lacking in scholarship. Its co-design digital curation process challenges the insular and fragmented nature of academic output, thereby allowing for a greater degree of critical analysis. This action research and digital curation processes are not without its challenges, as co-creating knowledge in an attempted decolonial framework that aims to foreground African feminist knowledge in a region of historical linguicide that was subjected to epistemic violence, as a consequence of colonialism and neo-colonialism is in itself not without its various contestations. This paper critically discusses this collaborative research and co-design knowledge production process engaged with over a process of forty research workshops [ii], over the past two years. The analysis and discussion in this paper are derived from a thematic analysis of this co-design digital curation process facilitated by the San &amp; Khoi Centre between 2020 and 2022.

Colombian Counterpoint: Transculturation in Sibundoy Valley Ethnohistory

Anthropological and historical scholarship on cultural change in colonially subordinated cultures has often stressed deculturation—cultural loss and degradation—as a consequence of colonialism. This paper disputes that narrative by presenting the case of Indigenous cultural change in the Sibundoy Valley of southwest Colombia from an ethnohistorical perspective. Drawing on historical, ethnographic, and theoretical texts and relying on the concept of transculturation—understood as a complex process of partial loss, partial gain, and the creation of new cultural phenomena from intercultural encounters—as a more nuanced alternative to deculturation, I outline the history of cultural change in the valley from the prehispanic period to the present. While recognizing that colonialism had catastrophic effects on the Indigenous communities of the valley, I also suggest that these communities’ deep historical experiences with transculturation in the prehispanic era enabled the preservation and rearticulation of core elements of Indigenous cultures in the post-contact period. That transcultural experience allowed for the incorporation of foreign, colonially imposed cultural elements into the pre-existing cultural framework of the valley. The historical continuity of the transcultural experience in the valley demonstrates that its Indigenous communities have not been passive subjects of colonial power, but rather active agents in negotiating and mitigating its deculturating effects. This approach emphasizes the historical agency of the Indigenous peoples of the Sibundoy Valley as the central protagonists and makers of their own history. I conclude by suggesting the broader applicability of this perspective to other situations of cultural change in colonial and postcolonial contexts.

Review: The Settler Sea: California’s Salton Sea and the Consequences of Colonialism, by Traci Brynne Voyles

In Traci Brynne Voyles’s new work on the largest body of water in California, paradoxes abound. The Salton Sea, she shows in this profound and compelling book, is a difficult entity to define and narrativize. Is it a man-made entity or part of a centuries-old ecological rhythm? An environmental disaster, or the heart of a thrumming ecosystem? A consequence of settler colonialism’s disastrous designs, or evidence of its pervasive failures? In The Settler Sea, the answer to all of the above, and more, is both.The Settler Sea builds on the familiar narrative of the Salton Sea, a body of water created in 1905 in the middle of the desert when rain-swollen Colorado River water jumped a canal headgate and flowed unimpeded into the below-sea-level basin for two years. This resulted in a highly saline lake that has served as an irrigation runoff catch, a short-lived resort and boating hub, an avian nesting ground along the Pacific flyway, a bomb testing site, a center of massive bird and fish die-offs, and a cause of toxic pollution.Voyles adds to the already well-documented history of the Sea by combining approaches from settler colonial studies and environmental history. This method is particularly potent not only because the Salton Sea is a shared epicenter of white settlers’ totalizing dreams (familiar to all students of settler colonialism) but also because of the manifold unintended consequences of their environmental tinkering (a common theme among environmental historians). Following from these fields, The Settler Sea largely focuses its analysis on the relationship between social inequality and environmental problems. “The functions of social power built into settler colonial processes—racism, sexism, classism, heteropatriarchy, ableism,” Voyles argues, “are themselves environmentally ruinous” (p. 7). In showing how social and environmental issues intertwine in the settler process, the narrative centers the experiences of desert Indigenous groups, especially the Cahuilla and Kumeyaay peoples. It is, however, no mere tale of destruction, but a complex weave of survival, paradox, and change within the wider settler project.Like floodwater carving its way through the sand of the Colorado Desert, Voyles’s narrative is anything but straightforward. The book’s three sections respectively deal with the Salton Sea’s creation, its rise to political, cultural, and economic prominence, and its role in various environmental disasters. But with titles ranging from Birds to Bodies to Bombs, its chapters meander and twist across time, space, and subject, all ultimately returning to the sea at its heart. While this method yields powerful results in tracking the wide scope of histories tied to the Salton Sea, it sometimes obscures the more basic flow of causality and narrative, especially for readers unfamiliar with the history of the region.The Settler Sea is, nonetheless, delightfully written. So often dismissed as a wasteland, the desert blooms under Voyles’s pen. In capturing the many stories of the Salton Sea’s precariousness—“the way it sits uncomfortably between worlds, existing always in the interstices of human and natural influences” (p. 267)—this book is an important new entry, useful to scholars of settler colonialism, environmental history, Indigenous studies, and the American West writ large.

Living In-Between: On the Identity Breaklines of Albert Memmi’s La Statue de Sel

This article analyses the problem of identity in the ambiguous coexistence of belonging and alienation found in Albert Memmi's semi-autobiographical La Statue de Sel (1953). It demonstrates how the protagonist and his author dwell in a temporary space between these two dimensions. The novel, as the debut of Memmi's literary career, has the peculiarity of initiating tears in the fabric of identity. Through close analysis, three threads are observed and considered: homeland, society and language. These threads are unpicked through the theoretical lens of two European philosophers: Bourdieu in relation to the protagonist's borderline occupation of disparate social fields and the instable detention of capital; and Derrida with regards to the lack of possession of any known languages as a consequence of colonialism. Both thinkers shed light on the identity struggles of the young Memmi who, on the threshold of Tunisian independence, experiences a liminal condition as manifested in each of the three threads, that is, he epitomises the point between the ‘no more’ and the ‘not yet’ that animates his identity crisis.

Sophocles’s Antigone and Osofisan’s Tegonni: A Comparative Analysis

This article is an intertextual study of Sophocles’s Antigone and Femi Osofisan’s Tegonni: An African Antigone. The article critically interrogates the ideological stance of both playwrights by discussing their historical backgrounds. The prevalence of and justification for intertextual studies and adaptations of classical plays by modern African playwrights are well articulated in the article. The theoretical framework of the article is based on postcolonial theory, which is essentially concerned with the influence and the consequences of colonialism on the colonised. The article notes that Sophocles’s Antigone promotes social injustice and the oppression of the poor, which is exemplified in the tragedy of Antigone who symbolises the proletariat, while Osofisan’s Tegonni presents a daring revolutionary whose duty is to fight against the oppression of the poor and champion the liberation of the downtrodden. The article notes, therefore, that the drama of Sophocles endorses the theatre of the oppressor, while Osofisan promotes the theatre of the oppressed in line with Augusto Boal’s concept of the theatre of the oppressed.

THE ROLE OF THE STATE LANGUAGE IN THE ESSENCE OF THE IDEA OF NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE

This article analyzes the granting of Uzbek the status of the state language as an important strategic step towards the idea of national independence. The process of implementing the policy of active integration of the state language into public life is covered. In addition, it was argued that the implementation of state language policy is a necessary condition for an effective fight against the consequences of colonialism. The work done to further develop the Uzbek language and improve language policy in the new Uzbekistan is analyzed.

Dynamics of Decoloniality in Theological Education

The consequences of colonialism and coloniality on indigenous social, political, and economic establishment are at present a grave concern. The call to decolonise theological education curricular, intellectual setting, and infrastructures has become the norm. This article posits a framework to evaluate nuances of missionary education at the United Theological College using Grosfoguel’s conceptual lens of coloniality of knowledge. The article introduces the theoretical lens that undergirds this study and describes the aforesaid scope. The essay further presents an analysis of the endeavours of the United Theological College as an example of an ecumenical college in Zimbabwe. The aim of this article is to show how the United Theological College used education to racialize and how the indigenous people are put in hierarchies and how, in this process, of coloniality of knowledge, indigenous clergy were undermined. The argument for this article is that the economic, political, or social control of indigenous clergy could not have been complete or effective without mental control. In conclusion, the essay proposes how power structures and colonised knowledge systems could be decolonised.

A Study of Postcolonial Theory of Crisis Identity And Literature

During the second half of the twentieth century a new era arose when many countries gained independence, transitioning from colony to country. According to literary critics and theorists, the term “postcolonial” is defined as all the culture affected by the imperial process from the moment of colonization to the present day. Colonialism has had an immeasurable influence on history of the world, societies and individuals. It has penetrated the larger issues of culture, race, gender, and identity. Most themes that postcolonial theory and literature deal with are race, gender, ethnicity, identity and culture. One of the controversial issues of post colonialism is the question of identity and culture. In the modern world with the increase of immigrant numbers, hybrid nations, and constitutions of countries with different cultural diversities, the question of identity came to the surface. Theorists have paid a great attention to identity issues. Franz Fanon’s argued about the consequences of colonialism and the change formed by the experience of immigration. For Edward Said, the central point of identity construction is the ability to resist and to recreate oneself as a postcolonial, anti-imperialist subject. At the same time, postcolonial novelists especially writers in former British colonies attracted the attention of readers and literary prizes. These novelists exposed and expressed the conditions of identity crises that emerged in postcolonial period. Their novels rarely avoided or escaped from the presence of Diasporas and exile and matters connected to identity.

Teologização da política

This article addresses the relationship between Hindu traditions and the Queer community. First, I seek to understand some elements of Hinduism in the dimensions of gender and sexuality. Then, I present the consequences of colonialism in India and its influences on Hindu religious thought regarding gender issues and point out which elements of postcolonial theory help in this struggle. I address the gender, caste, and nationalism dimensions of Hindutva ideology that dominate India even today, as these neoliberal policies capture the subjectivities, rights, and freedom of the Queer community.

Combating the Education Pandemic in Africa

Abstract The disruptions in Africa including underdevelopment, poverty, disease, ignorance, instability, are said to have constituted a serious pandemic, and the causes of the pandemic have been variously described as consequences of colonialism, neo-colonialism, military incursion, poor leadership and corruption. This paper argues that the absence of mass education may be considered as a pandemic. It further contends that the failure to offer the population mass education, beginning with the basic literacy programmes is serious educational pandemic. That pandemic could explain much of the problems and afflictions in Africa and the breakdown of the society, long before the contemporary COVID-19. The study relied on interviews, articles and books using the descriptive approach as a methodology. The authors found out that the absence of mass education has consequences such as unemployment, low life expectancy, poverty trap and exploitation among others. The study recommends that training structures at all levels need to ensure there is always a built-in link between literacy and students’ professional activities, including the different elements of their environment. It also recommends that the vision for mass education itself needs to be more inclusive of and responsive to other areas of life to improve the guarantee of adjustment to globalization, rapid change and new challenges.

Greenland and the Faroe Islands: Denmark’s autonomous territories from postcolonial perspectives

ABSTRACT In July 2021 Greenlanders will be commemorating the 300th anniversary of Danish colonization. The anniversary has come at a time when the world is facing a wave of reflections on the injustices of colonialism. The article aims to contribute to this discussion and frame the history of Greenlandic dependence on Denmark, considering contemporary political development. For comparison, the authors refer to the Faroe Islands as an additional autonomous territory of the Danish realm. Greenland was a colony until 1953 and acquired autonomy in 1979, while the Faroe Islands have never been considered a colony and gained autonomy more than 30 years earlier (1948). To find further similarities and differences in the postcolonial realities in Greenland and the Faroe Islands, the authors compare both countries, using concepts from literature on postcolonialism. Their findings reveal that the number of differences between Greenlandic and Faroese postcolonial realities outweigh the discussed similarities. The authors conclude that the consequences of coloniality are more serious in Greenland. Furthermore, given Greenland's important strategic location in the Arctic region, Greenlanders should be more wary of world powers exploiting their country for economic profit.

OPEC: Still an ‘Instrument of Change’?

Abstract The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) marks its 60th anniversary in 2020. At the time of OPEC’s 20th anniversary in 1980, the organization could celebrate its role as an “instrument of change” that promoted not only members’ interests but also the interests of broad constituencies, including especially developing countries. OPEC and its members had demonstrated how to overcome the negative economic consequences of colonialism, and sought to extend their success to others through the New International Economic Order adopted by the United Nations in 1974. But from the late 1970s onward, the Organization became focused on internal issues of oil market management and, despite its noble expressions and intentions, was unable to bring about the global changes it sought. Today, on OPEC’s 60th anniversary, the central challenge is no longer how to overcome the colonial economic legacy. Instead, the organization has an opportunity to resume its leadership role by adopting policies that defend not only its own members but also broad constituencies—and especially developing countries—against the consequences of global warming. This article suggests how OPEC could rise to the occasion.