Consensual Representations Research Articles

Towards consensual representation: Model-agnostic knowledge extraction for dual heterogeneous federated fault diagnosis

Federated fault diagnosis has attracted increasing attention in industrial cloud–edge collaboration scenarios, where a ubiquitous assumption is that client models have the same architecture. Practically, this assumption cannot always be fulfilled due to requirements for personalized models, thereby resulting in the problem of model heterogeneity. Many approaches dealing with heterogeneous models tend to neglect the issue of representation bias, particularly in the context of non-identically and independently distributed data. In this article, to address the representation bias problem, Federated Model-Agnostic Knowledge Extraction (FedMAKE) is proposed. To bridge the information gap among clients, different from methods with public datasets, we initially develop two novel architecture-independent knowledge carriers. These carriers are derived based on the importance of process variables, without the need for additional datasets. Subsequently, we introduce a bi-directional distillation algorithm utilizing the two knowledge carriers. This algorithm facilitates the mutual transfer of knowledge embedded in carriers between a generative network and client models, thereby enabling the generation of fault data that is unbiased and well-balanced across categories. Furthermore, to mitigate the impact of statistical heterogeneity, we formulate a local objective for each client using two global knowledge carriers to guide local knowledge extraction and constrain client drift. Extensive experiments conducted on two prevalent industry datasets (TE and CWRU) illustrate that our proposed FedMAKE outperforms baseline methods. Specifically, FedMAKE enhances fault diagnosis accuracy by up to 11.7% on the TE dataset and up to 3.31% on the CWRU dataset compared to the sub-optimal method.

Uma análise de discursos sobre a leitura presentes no canal “O mundo segundo Ana Roxo”

Neste artigo, empreendemos uma análise de discursos sobre a leitura a partir do que é enunciado no vídeo “Literatura não é literal”, dedicado ao comentário da prática de interpretação de textos, disponível no canal do YouTube do blog “O mundo segundo Ana Roxo”, professora, filósofa e progressista. Neste vídeo, é atualizada uma série de representações da leitura e dos leitores brasileiros, que analisamos segundo princípios da Análise do Discurso e da História Cultural. Constatamos, na reiteração de certos lugares-comuns sobre a leitura, na generalização do que é afirmado, e na depreciação de dadas práticas e sujeitos, a força de certos consensos histórica e conjunturalmente constituídos e que perduram em relação ao enunciável sobre essa prática e sobre nós como leitores.

Coluche and posthumous celebrity: competing and consensual media discourses

ABSTRACTThe French comic, actor and humanitarian Coluche represents an important and enduring example of celebrity in contemporary France, yet little academic attention has been paid particularly to his posthumous significance. A detailed survey of French press and television coverage over the last decade reveals competing media discourses concerning his importance as a source of nostalgia, accusations of vulgarity and racism in his work, and his portrayal in the 2008 biopic Coluche, l’histoire d’un mec. At the same time, coverage generates more consensual representations of Coluche—as an ordinary and extraordinary star, a political activist, an LGBTQ-friendly figure, a representative of a French biker culture based on social solidarity, a distinguished public figure worthy of comparison with other well-known individuals, a subject for impersonation and a source of inspiration to other performers. In addition, Coluche’s case study indicates possible media-specific approaches to the representation of posthumous celebrity.

Ontologies for the representation of electronic medical records: The obstetric and neonatal ontology

Ontology is an interdisciplinary field that involves both the use of philosophical principles and the development of computational artifacts. As artifacts, ontologies can have diverse applications in knowledge management, information retrieval, and information systems, to mention a few. They have been largely applied to organize information in complex fields like Biomedicine. In this article, we present the OntoNeo Ontology, an initiative to build a formal ontology in the obstetrics and neonatal domain. OntoNeo is a resource that has been designed to serve as a comprehensive infrastructure providing scientific research and healthcare professionals with access to relevant information. The goal of OntoNeo is twofold: (a) to organize specialized medical knowledge, and (b) to provide a potential consensual representation of the medical information found in electronic health records and medical information systems. To describe our initiative, we first provide background information about distinct theories underlying ontology, top‐level computational ontologies and their applications in Biomedicine. Then, we present the methodology employed in the development of OntoNeo and the results obtained to date. Finally, we discuss the applicability of OntoNeo by presenting a proof of concept that illustrates its potential usefulness in the realm of healthcare information systems.

There aren't plenty more fish in the sea: a causal network approach.

The current research investigated how lay representations of the causes of an environmental problem may underlie individuals' reasoning about the issue. Naïve participants completed an experiment that involved two main tasks. The causal diagram task required participants to depict the causal relations between a set of factors related to overfishing and to estimate the strength of these relations. The counterfactual task required participants to judge the effect of counterfactual suppositions based on the diagrammed factors. We explored two major questions: (1) what is the relation between individual causal models and counterfactual judgments? Consistent with previous findings (e.g., Green etal., 1998, Br. J. Soc. Psychology, 37, 415), these judgments were best explained by a combination of the strength of both direct and indirect causal paths. (2) To what extent do people use two-way causal thinking when reasoning about an environmental problem? In contrast to previous research (e.g., White, 2008, Appl. Cogn. Psychology, 22, 559), analyses based on individual causal networks revealed the presence of numerous feedback loops. The studies support the value of analysing individual causal models in contrast to consensual representations. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in relation to causal reasoning as well as environmental psychology.

Metamodelling architectures for complex data integration in systems biology

Systems biology aims at deciphering the functioning of biological systems on the basis of the knowledge of their molecular components and the relations between such components. To address the issues involved, high-throughput technologies are used. Taking advantage of the standards that are being currently developed to achieve consensual representations of technological domains, we present a metamodelling architecture based on these standards. The proposed architecture organises standard-specific metamodels and models into a single hierarchy. Each metamodel describes a consensus that is shared by several models of applications. A metamodel construct for description of faceted element is proposed together with this architecture.

Sights of sites: picturing heritage, power and exclusion

This paper explores the visual representations used to illustrate, promote and communicate a particular idea of heritage in the tourism literature, which provides an instance within which to examine the material consequences of a dominant discourse. This examination takes place within the context of current New Labour policy initiatives, which have put forward a new role for heritage, both in terms of the touristic experiences it can provide and as an instrumental tool for social inclusion and civic engagement. It is argued in this paper that these consciously designed objectives have also opened up a conceptual space within which images of heritage are drawn upon to undertake a course of ideological work that affectively reaffirms and legitimizes the cultural symbols of an elite social group as a consensual representation of national heritage.

Representações sociais do projeto de vida entre adolescentes no ensino médio

Esta pesquisa, da qual participaram 40 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 16 e 19 anos, tem por objetivo comparar as representações sociais dos adolescentes inseridos em diferentes contextos escolares (público e privado) acerca da construção do seu projeto de vida. Foram utilizados questionário semi-aberto para caracterização sociodemográfica e entrevista semi-estruturada para captura das representações. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, com apoio do programa ALCESTE, sistema automático de análise de dados textuais. Os dados obtidos demonstraram representações consensuais a respeito do projeto de vida, como desejos, metas, previsões e estratégias. Entretanto, os alunos da escola pública objetivaram suas representações na necessidade de inclusão social e na melhoria de vida, enquanto os da escola privada objetivaram suas representações nas dificuldades relacionadas à escolha da profissão. Conclui-se haver a necessidade de políticas públicas que possibilitem, nesses diferentes contextos escolares, condições semelhantes para a construção de projetos de vida.

L’informatisation du signe radiologique

The goal of this article is to present to the radiologist the different theories of the sign and their consequences for sign representation in computer systems. All the theories of the sign are presented, but the most relevant are highlighted in order to explain the great modeling systems currently in use (such as DICOM-SR or the UMLS). The constructivist approach of the notion of disease, the semiosis process, which starting from signs produces new signs, and the structuralist analysis of sign through language are emphasized. The purpose of this analysis is to end up with a consensual representation of the sign that can be understood by human beings and processed by machines. Such a representation, also known as an ontology, is based on a semantic organization of language, thus allowing medicine to become a truly scientific discipline. It aims at disambiguating the symbols given to machines, which will help us in our reasoning.

On the origins of electoral systems and political parties: The role of elections in multi-member districts

The old, under-studied electoral system composed of multi-member districts, open ballot and plurality rule is presented in this article as the most remote scene of the origin of both political parties and new electoral systems. A survey of the uses of this set of electoral rules in different parts of the world during remote and recent periods shows its widespread use. A model of voting by this electoral system demonstrates that, while it can produce citizens' consensual representation, it also provides incentives for potential leaders to form factional or partisan candidacies. Famous negative reactions to the emergence of factions and political parties during the 18th and 19th centuries are reinterpreted in this context. Many electoral rules and procedures invented since the second half of the 19th century—including the Australian ballot, single-member districts, limited ballot, and proportional representation rules—derived from the search to reduce the effects of the ‘originating’ multi-member district system in favor of a single party sweep. The general relations between political parties and electoral systems are restated to account for the foundational stage here discussed.

On the Origins of Electoral Systems and Political Parties: The Role of Elections in Multi-Member Districts

The old, under-studied electoral system composed of multi-member districts, open ballot and plurality rule is presented in this article as the most remote scene of the origin of both political parties and new electoral systems. A survey of the uses of this set of electoral rules in different parts of the world during remote and recent periods shows its widespread use. A model of voting by this electoral system demonstrates that, while it can produce citizens’ consensual representation, it also provides incentives for potential leaders to form factional or partisan candidacies. Famous negative reactions to the emergence of factions and political parties during the 18th and 19th centuries are reinterpreted in this context. Many electoral rules and procedures invented since the second half of the 19th centurydincluding the Australian ballot, single-member districts, limited ballot, and proportional representation rulesdderived from the search to reduce the effects of the ‘originating’ multi-member district system in favor of a single party sweep. The general relations between political parties and electoral systems are restated to account for the foundational stage here discussed. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Uso da maconha e suas representações sociais: estudo comparativo entre universitários<A NAME="n1"></A>

The purpose of this research was to compare the social representations of university students who are getting their degree in the technological, health and law areas, on the use of marijuana. Sixty (60) university students took part in this research, both sexes, aged from 22 to 30 years old. Semi-structured interviews were used and the collected material was categorized through the analysis of content by Bardin´s theme (1977). The collected data obtained among the university students made the consensual representations possible and particularity according to the field of professional performance. The law students showed their representations based on legal and social questions; the health students on the organic-medical and psychosocial conception, and the technological ones their representations in psychosocial elements. It has been concluded that there is the necessity of formulating the strategies which give data (support/information) in the professional formation, mainly the health and law areas which will be applied in their future practices of intervention with drug users and their families, as well as the implementation of public policies of education and health promotion.

The structure of beliefs about the causes of heart attacks: A network analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the structure of causal beliefs about heart attack, using network analysis, in particular to determine whether there is a consensual representation and, if so, which putative causes of heart attacks were perceived as being proximal or distal causes and which were perceived to mediate the effects of other causes. METHODS: A total of 107 adult respondents completed questionnaires, indicating the extent to which they perceived each of eight agents as causes of a heart attack, as well as whether they perceived that each of these eight causal agents, in turn, causally affects each of the other seven causal agents. RESULTS: A consensual representation was produced, indicating how these eight agents were perceived as causally relating to each other, and to heart attack. Three key features were evident. First, the type of work a person does was perceived to be a distal cause of heart attack, operating mainly through stress and high blood pressure. Second, the causal impact of stress on heart attack was not seen as mediated by behaviour, but mediated via blood pressure. Third, the causal impact of genes on heart attack was perceived as unmediated by behaviour or physiological processes. CONCLUSIONS: The general public appears to share a reasonably complex view of how different agents lead to heart attack. This complexity would not be elicited by standard methods, suggesting that the network analysis method may be usefully employed as either a process or an outcome measure in health-promotion research.

The out of Africa model of varicella-zoster virus evolution: single nucleotide polymorphisms and private alleles distinguish Asian clades from European/North American clades

Until 1998, varicella-zoster virus (VZV) was generally considered sufficiently stable to allow the use of a single sequenced virus (VZV-Dumas) as a consensual representation of the world VZV genotype. But recent investigations have uncovered a gE mutant virus called VZV-MSP with a second genotype and a distinguishable accelerated cell spread phenotype. A subsequent study suggested that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could be applied toward the genetic analysis of the VZV genome. To further assess the scope of genetic variation in the VZV genome on a worldwide basis, we carried out an extensive SNP analysis of structural glycoprotein genes gB, gE, gH, gI, gL, as well as the IE62 regulatory gene in viruses collected from Western Europe, North America and Asia, including the VZV vaccine strain. The SNP data showed segregation of viral isolates of Asian origin from those of Western ancestry into distinct phylogenetic clades. Unexpectedly, however, VZV from Thailand segregated with VZV from Iceland and the United States, i.e. it was more Western than Asian in nature. Further, SNP analysis disclosed strikingly unusual genotypes, e.g. gH genes with up to five missense mutations and gL genes with insertions of an in-frame methionine codon. In summary, these VZV genomic analyses have shown that individual VZV strains, like closely related human beings, have distinctive SNP profiles containing private alleles within just five VZV genes ( gB, gH, gE, gL and IE62) that provide a fingerprint to localize ancestry of the viral strain.

Cognitive structural models of unemployment and employment

Basing predictions on the concepts of a mental model and social representation, we use a network diagram technique, which is a graphical extension and a statistical development of Lunt's matrix method (Lunt, 1989, 1991), to elicit individual models of the causal factors affecting a person's prospects of unemployment (Expt 1) or employment (Expt 2). Such diagrams comprise both direct paths from a factor to the phenomenon and indirect paths in which the connection to it is via some other factor. As we expected, the representation of unemployment is politicized in a way the representation of employment is not. In both studies, individuals also rated the effectiveness of different actions, based on the diagrammed factors, to affect the target phenomenon. These ratings were best explained by the perceived strength of factor paths rather than simply by the number of paths emanating from that factor. Experiment 2 also showed that the relative importance of direct path strengths in predicting these ratings depended on the order of completing the diagram and rating tasks consistent with expectations derived from the theory of mental models. Finally, using factor analysis and item response theory we show that individual diagrams for employment can be conceptualized as deriving from a single consensual representation. We discuss a view of social representation consistent with these data.

Young people's representations of others' views of smoking: is there a link with smoking behaviour?

This paper reports a large-scale survey ( n=1985) of 9–12-year-olds' representations of parents' and friend's views about the nature of smoking. Taking the perspective of Social Representations theory, consensual representations of respondents' views of significant others are identified using cluster analysis without reference to smoking behaviour. Resulting clusters of individuals map on to self-reported behavioural groups at above chance level. These relationships indicate young smokers have access to sets of beliefs about others' smoking views that may differ systematically from those available to nonsmokers. This suggests an additional social psychological mechanism that may be implicated in early onset of smoking in adolescence.

Consensual representations of social structure in different age groups

The present study is an exploratory investigation into the development of consensual social representations of Australian society. Thirteen to 14‐year‐old and 16 to 17‐year‐old students from two different schools rated the degree of similarity between 12 social groups in a multidimensional scaling exercise. An adult university sample also completed a similar procedure. The younger samples tended to cluster similar groups together, whereas one 16 to 17‐year‐old sample and the adult sample generated a linear or dimensional structure of the groups. While all samples contained a fair degree of individual variation in their representations of the groups, this variation decreased with increased age, suggesting increased consensual representations of society with increased social development.

The perception of social episodes: Categorical and dimensional representations in two different social milieus.

A study of the perceptions of typical social episodes was carried out in two different subcultural groups, housewives and students. First, a sample of representative episodes was obtained using an open-ended questionnaire. A second sample of subjects from each group was required to perform a similarity-sorting task of the most frequently mentioned social episodes. A measure of psychological relatedness, based on the sorting task, was used as input to a multidimensional scaling and a hierarchical clustering analysis of the episode space. In the scaling solution, perceived intimacy and subjective self-confidence were the two most important attributes differentiating episodes; the clustering solutions also highlighted the nature of the relationship to the interaction partner. The results are discussed in terms of the differences between the objective social environments of the two subsamples and the relative adequacy of the dimensional and categorical solutions. The utility of analyzing subjective and consensual representations of social episodes as a basis for a taxonomic system is also discussed.