Consecutive Order Research Articles

Twenty-one degrees of freedom model based hand pose tracking using a monocular RGB camera

It is difficult to visually track a user’s hand because of the many degrees of freedom (DOF) a hand has. For this reason, most model-based hand pose tracking methods have relied on the use of multiview images or RGB-D images. This paper proposes a model-based method that accurately tracks three-dimensional hand poses using monocular RGB images in real time. The main idea of the proposed method is to reduce hand tracking ambiguity by adopting a step-by-step estimation scheme consisting of three steps performed in consecutive order: palm pose estimation, finger yaw motion estimation, and finger pitch motion estimation. In addition, this paper proposes highly effective algorithms for each step. With the assumption that a human hand can be considered as an assemblage of articulated planes, the proposed method uses a piece-wise planar hand model which enables hand model regeneration. The hand model regeneration modifies the hand model to fit the current user’s hand and improves the accuracy of the hand pose estimation results. Above all, the proposed method can operate in real time using only CPU-based processing. Consequently, it can be applied to various platforms, including egocentric vision devices such as wearable glasses. The results of several experiments conducted verify the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.

Asymmetric and Upper Body Parkinsonism in Patients with Idiopathic Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus

Background and PurposeOur aims were to analyze the characteristics of parkinsonian features and to characterize changes in parkinsonian motor symptoms before and after the cerebrospinal fluid tap test (CSFTT) in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) patients.MethodsINPH subjects were selected in consecutive order from a prospectively enrolled INPH registry. Fifty-five INPH patients (37 males) having a positive response to the CSFTT constituted the final sample for analysis. The mean age was 73.7±4.7 years. The pre-tap mean Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor (UPDRS-III) score was 24.5±10.2.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the upper and lower body UPDRS-III scores (p=0.174). The parkinsonian signs were asymmetrical in 32 of 55 patients (58.2%). At baseline, the Timed Up and Go Test and 10-meter walking test scores were positively correlated with the total motor score, global bradykinesia score, global rigidity score, upper body score, lower body score, and postural instability/gait difficulties score of UPDRS-III. After the CSFTT, the total motor score, global bradykinesia score, upper body score, and lower body score of UPDRS-III significantly improved (p<0.01). There was a significant decrease in the number of patients with asymmetric parkinsonism (p<0.05).ConclusionsIn the differential diagnosis of elderly patients presenting with asymmetric and upper body parkinsonism, we need to consider a diagnosis of INPH. The association between gait function and parkinsonism severity suggests the involvement of similar circuits producing gait and parkinsonian symptoms in INPH.

Education and Visual Information Improves Effectiveness of Ultrasound-Guided Local Injections on Shoulder Pain and Associated Anxiety Level: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Local injections are widely used in patients with a painful shoulder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible impact of patients' visual information on the effectiveness of ultrasound (US)-guided local injections on anxiety levels and shoulder pain. A total of 151 patients, scheduled for local injection owing to shoulder pain, were randomly assigned into two groups in a consecutive order. Patients in group I (n = 72) were provided information related to US findings and allowed to watch the procedures from the monitor, whereas patients in group II (n = 79) received the injection only without any collaboration. Data were collected from both groups immediately before and after injections through visual analog scale and questionnaire (the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI] forms 1 and 2). US-guided local injections provided significant improvement of anxiety and pain in both groups, irrespective of providing visual information. Group I and group II comparisons with respect to the visual analog scale, STAI 1, and STAI 2 yielded significant difference only for postinjection STAI 2 in group I (P = 0.006). Intragroup comparisons revealed significant differences between preinjection and postinjection values (group I: visual analog scale, P = 0.001; STAI form 1, P = 0.001; STAI form 2, P = 0.002; group II: visual analog scale, P = 0.001; STAI form 1, P = 0.002; STAI form 2, P = 0.042). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of postinjection satisfaction levels from the procedures (P = 0.824). Performing US-guided shoulder injections with patient visual information provides positive contributions to coping with pain and anxiety. In particular, the patient collaboration-based US-guided injections have positive consequences on patients' long-standing "trait-anxiety" levels.

Effect of diluted colloidal silica slurry mixed with ceria abrasives on CMP characteristic

In this paper, we have studied the CMP characteristics of mixed abrasive slurry (MAS) retreated by adding of ceria abrasives within 1:10 diluted silica slurry (DSS). We focused on how these mixed ceria abrasives affect the material removal in order to determine the optimal recipe conditions through the correlation between the mixed contents of ceria abrasives and CMP performances. The slurry designed for optimal performance should produce reasonable removal rates, acceptable polishing selectivity with respect to the underlying layer, low surface defects after polishing, and good slurry stability. The modified abrasives in MAS are evaluated with respect to their particle size distribution, surface morphology, and CMP performances such as removal rate and non-uniformity. As a result, the oxide CMP process using diluted mixed abrasive slurry has problems of higher material removal rate at wafer center. But, we solved the questions in consecutive order by pH control. We obtained the comparable slurry characteristics to original silica slurry in the viewpoint of high removal rate and low non-uniformity. Finally, our proposed ceria-MAS can be useful to save a slurry consumption of high cost since we used 1:10 diluted mixed abrasive slurry.

加齢が左右視野への注意定位に与える影響――視覚統計学習を用いた検討――

We investigated characteristics of spatial attentional bias in the elderly with the use of a visual statistical learning paradigm. Triplets consisting of pictures that appeared in the same consecutive order were simultaneously presented to the left (LVF) and right visual-field (RVF) across a center fixation point. In the learning phase, both younger (N = 40) and older (N = 40) adults were instructed to attend to either the LVF or RVF and to perform a 1-back task on the visual-field. The test phase was conducted immediately after the learning phase. Implicit memory for the sequential order of the triplets was tested using a speed detection task. Younger adults showed visual statistical learning for both the attended and unattended triplets. The elderly who directed attention towards the LVF showed visual statistical learning not for the attended triplets presented in the LVF, but rather the unattended triplets presented in the RVF. These findings suggest that the elderly show a stronger visuospatial attention bias to the right visual-field, with a decline in executive function compared to younger adults.

Kinetic and Thermodynamics studies for Castor Oil Extraction Using Subcritical Water Technology.

In this work both kinetic and thermodynamics of castor oil extraction from its seeds using subcritical water technique were studied. It was found that the extraction process followed two consecutive steps. In these steps, the oil was firstly extracted from inside the powder by diffusion mechanism. Then the extracted oil, due to extending the extraction time under high temperature and pressure, was subjected to a decomposition reaction following first order mechanism. The experimental data correlated well with the irreversible consecutive unimolecular-type first order mechanism. The values of both oil extraction rate constants and decomposition rate constants were calculated through non-linear fitting using DataFit software. The extraction rate constants were found to be 0.0019, 0.024, 0.098, 0.1 and 0.117 min(-1), while the decomposition rate constants were 0.057, 0.059, 0.014, 0.019 and 0.17 min(-1) at extraction temperatures of 240, 250, 260, 270 and 280°C, respectively. The thermodynamic properties of the oil extraction process were investigated using Arrhenius equation. The values of the activation energy, Ea, and the frequency factor, A, were 73 kJ mol(-1) and 946, 002 min(-1), respectively. The physicochemical properties of the extracted castor oil including the specific gravity, viscosity, acid value, pH value and calorific value were found to be 0.947, 7.487, 1.094 mg KOH/g, 6.1, and 41.5 MJ/Kg, respectively. Gas chromatography analysis showed that ricinoleic acid (83.6%) appears as the predominant fatty acid in the extracted oil followed by oleic acid (5.5%) and linoleic acid (2.3%).

Sums of Squares of Polygonal Numbers

Polygonal numbers and sums of squares of primes are distinct fields of number theory. Here we consider sums of squares of consecutive (of order and rank) polygonal numbers. We try to express sums of squares of polygonal numbers of consecutive orders in matrix form. We also try to find the solution of a Diophantine equation in terms of polygonal numbers.

Inverted papilloma of the maxillary sinus: Surgical approach and long-term results.

Inverted papillomas (IP) commonly develop in the maxillary sinus (MS). However, the MS is a complex structure, and all areas in the MS are not easily approachable. This study reviewed our surgical outcome of patients with IPs that originated from the MS in long-term follow-up and suggests appropriate approaches according to the tumor origin. Thirty-one patients who were diagnosed with IP that originated from the MS, underwent surgery by a single operator between 1999 and 2011, and had postoperative follow-up of >3 years were enrolled. In all the cases, the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) was attempted at first and then canine fossa puncture (CP), canine fossa opening via the Caldwell-Luc approach (CO), and Caldwell-Luc operation (CLO) were added in consecutive order as the occasion demands. Six patients (19.4%) were treated only with EEA, and they had IPs from the superior, posterior, or medial wall. Five (16.1%) were treated with EEA plus CP, which was added for removal of IPs that originated from the lateral wall. Sixteen (51.6%) were treated with EEA plus CO, which was for removal of tumors from the medial, anterior, or inferior wall. Four patients (12.5%) whose IP attached to the whole MS mucosa underwent CLO. Three (9.7%) experienced recurrences, and the mean period to recurrence was 20.7 months. The overall recurrence rate was 9.7%. IPs that originated from the lateral wall of the MS can be removed by using CP. When IPs originate from the anterior, inferior, or medial wall of the MS, CO may be needed for the thorough removal of them.

Kullback-Leibler Information of Consecutive Order Statistics

A calculation of the Kullback-Leibler information of consecutive order statistics is complicated because it depends on a multi-dimensional integral. Park (2014) discussed a representation of the Kullback-Leibler information of the first r order statistics in terms of the hazard function and simplified the r-fold integral to a single integral. In this paper, we first express the Kullback-Leibler information in terms of the reversed hazard function. Then we establish a generalized result of Park (2014) to an arbitrary consecutive order statistics. We derive a single integral form of the Kullback-Leibler information of an arbitrary block of order statistics; in addition, its relation to the Fisher information of order statistics is discussed with numerical examples provided.

Partial Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Adenocarcinoma: Morbidity and Oncological Outcome

IntroductionThe surgical approach for the treatment of tumors of the upper third of the rectum remains controversial. Several publications have shown that partial excision of the mesorectum (PME) with division of the mesorectum and rectum 5 cm below the tumor could be a reasonable approach although total mesorectal excision (TME) is still considered the gold standard for all rectal cancers in many studies. We aimed to assess the specifics risks of anterior resection with PME and colorectal anastomosis (CRA) in rectal cancer. Patients and MethodsFiles of all of the patients who underwent a PME between 2000 and 2011 were reviewed in consecutive order. Complications that occurred within 3 months after surgery, oncological outcome, local and distant recurrences, and survival were assessed. ResultsOne hundred seventy-two patients had a PME with CRA of whom 49 (28.5%) had a dysfunctional stoma. Grade III to IV complications occurred in 18 (10.5%) patients and 2 (1.2%) died. Thirteen (7.6%) developed an anastomotic leakage, and 5 (2.9%) resulted with a permanent stoma. Mean follow-up was 151 months (range, 0-151 months). The 5-year local recurrence rate was 5.3%. The 5-year overall and disease-free survival assessed in the 147 patients without synchronous metastasis were 93.2% and 79.7%, respectively. ConclusionPartial excision of the mesorectum can be performed safely, in 1 stage in many patients, with a low risk of definitive stoma. The local recurrence and the survival rates that we observed indicate that the prognosis is not altered compared with TME. Therefore, PME can be recommended in the treatment of upper and some mid rectal tumors.

Examining a Pretty Simple and Low Cost Method for Modeling of Biogas Production from Biodegradable Solids

This paper evaluates the application of consecutive multistage first order kinetics for mathematical modeling of biogas generation trend during anaerobic digestion (AD) of typical farm-based biodegradable solids within batch reactors. The input parameters of the model are mass of biodegradables (as VM), initial content of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and recorded values of biogas or methane production. Multistage consecutive equations of first order reaction in combination with numerical solution procedure for multi-parameter differential equations can provide a pretty high precision modeling of biogas production and consequently estimation of achievable energy from biodegradable solids even though it is less sophisticated than frequently used AD models. Four types of biodegradable solids including pig feces, hot water-treated cotton stalks, rice straw and dairy manure were examined through bench-scale experiments at mesophilic conditions in order to determine the biogas production potential as well as the first order kinetic constants for consecutive stages of the process. All modeling trials produced reasonable output regarding the fitting between model predicted values and experimental results. The best fitted first order rate constants of hydrolysis, acidogenesis and methanogensis obtained from the observed data were in the range of 0.022 to 0.105 d-1, 0.106 to 0.970d-1, and 0.140 to 2.300d-1 respectively. Determination of initial content of volatile fatty acids could increase the goodness of fit between the model and experimental data. The proposed modeling procedure can predict the biogas generation trend within ±10% accuracy.

The Effect of Using Mastery Learning Strategy on the Level of Technical and Quantitative Performance of Long jumping skill for Beginners

Tawfeek Ahmed Meray and Mohamed Mahmoud El-Heela (2007) defines mastery learning as set of various educational ideas and practices and a collection of teaching and assessment methods that aims at improving the education provided to learners in order to allow all or the majority of them to reach a level of mastery of the educational material. They also indicate that mastery learning requires the use of small educational modules organized in a consecutive order with specific goals andthrough different levels of performance, initial collective teaching, formative and composite tests as well as individual and collective corrections.''

P51. Feasibility study of a non-invasive laser-Doppler spectrophotometry system for intraoperative monitoring of local microcirculation

Question To evaluate non-invasive measurement of cortical microcirculation using a novel laser-Doppler spectrophotometry system in a surgical setting. Methods Local cerebral microcirculation was measured using the non-invasive laser-Doppler spectrophotometry system “Oxygen-to-see (O2C)” in sixteen patients with incidental aneurysms of the anterior and middle cerebral arterial circulation. A subdural fiber optic probe was placed on the cortex after dural incision. Capillary venous oxygenation (SO2), post-capillary venous filling pressures (rHb), blood cell velocity (velo) and blood flow (flow) were measured in 7 mm tissue depth. The measurement site corresponded to the supply territory of the aneurysmatic blood vessel. For routine monitoring we used both micro-Doppler ultrasound and ICG angiography. Additionally, we performed monitoring of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) with median and posterior tibial nerve stimulation. Results The sampling rate was 2 Hz for the spectrophotometry system and 40 Hz for the laser-Doppler flowmeter. Representative recordings were acquired immediately after dural opening over a time span of 42–238 s before surgical manipulation. Normal values (median, SD) for each parameters were, in consecutive order: SO2 39 ± 9.1 %, rHb 51 ± 10.2 AU (arbitrary units), velo 57 ± 10.2 AU, and flow 310 ± 33.8 AU. Statistical analysis proved good reproducibility of the measurement system and the obtained values. SEP monitoring revealed no changes in latency or amplitude of N20 or P40. In all elective microsurgical clippings, no postoperative neurological deficit occurred. Conclusions This combined laser-Doppler flowmetry and spectrophotometry system is able to measure local brain microcirculation with the parameters SO2, rHb, velo and flow. It can be integrated in routine surgical setting. In ongoing studies we will investigate the predictive value in the assessment of microcirculatory insufficiency.

Co‐pyrolysis characteristics of coal and sludge blends using thermogravimetric analysis

Co‐pyrolysis characteristics of low grade coal (LGC) and sludge derived fuel (SDF) as well as their blends (L/S = 85/15, 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75) were determined at nonisothermal (10, 20, and 30°C/min) conditions in nitrogen atmosphere using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The results indicated that SDF decomposed at a lower temperature than LGC and weight loss of L/S blends was lower than individual LGC or SDF. The difference of weight loss between experimental measurement and theoretical calculation reached circa 0.82 to 2.50 wt % at around 900°C, indicating that there was an inhibitive effect between LGC and SDF. In addition, textural analysis also confirmed the assumption that L/S blend char had higher surface area but less micropore. The results of kinetics analysis showed that the process could be described by two or three consecutive first order reactions, which revealed the possible mechanism of co‐pyrolysis behaviors between LGC and SDF. The estimated kinetics parameters (activation energies and pre‐exponential factors) for LGC, SDF and their blends were found to be in the range of 16.3 to 144.1 kJ/mol and 1.21 to 4.09 × 1010 min−1, respectively. Lower activation energies observed in the relevant decomposition stages indicated that the reaction became faster upon blending. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1780–1789, 2015

ASTEROSEISMIC FINGERPRINTS OF ROTATION AND MIXING IN THE SLOWLY PULSATING B8 V STAR KIC 7760680

We present the first detection of a rotationally affected series consisting of 36 consecutive high-order sectoral dipole gravity modes in a slowly pulsating B (SPB) star. The results are based on the analysis of four years of virtually uninterrupted photometric data assembled with the Kepler Mission, and high-resolution spectra acquired using the HERMES spectrograph at the 1.2 meter Mercator Telescope. The spectroscopic measurements place KIC7760680 inside the SPB instability strip, near the cool edge. The photometric analysis reveals the longest unambiguous series of gravity modes of the same degree l with consecutive radial order n, that carries clear signatures of chemical mixing and rotation. With such exceptional observational constraints, this star should be considered as the Rosetta Stone of SPBs for future modelling, and bring us a step closer to the much needed seismic calibration of stellar structure models of massive stars.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOEQUIVALENCE, CLINICAL EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF GENERIC VERSUS ORIGINAL CYCLOSPORINE AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION

The aim of the study was the evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters and clinical efficacy of generic cyclosporine (Ecoral) and Sandimmune Neoral. Materials and methods’ . The pharmacokinetic parameters of different cyclosporine formulations. In 197 kidney graft recipients 319 comprehensive pharmacokinetic studies were performed. In 42 patients received in consecutive order original and generic Cyclosporine in the same dosage the complete pharmacokinetic study was perforfomed. AUC calculations based on dosing interval concentration values were fulfilled using linear trapezoidal rule. To evaluate clinical efficacy 235 short pharmacokinetic studies with concentration examination at 0, 1, 2 and 3 hours after taking Cyclosporine (Co, C1 C2 and C3) were performed in patients treated with Neoral (n = 75) or generic cyclosporine (n = 160). Clinical efficacy of generic cyclosporine was estimated by the prevalence of allograft dysfunction and biopsy proved acute rejection episodes as well as by one-years graft survival and events-free survival. The graft survival rate was calculated by Kaplan–Meyer method. Results . At 100–200 ng/ml maintenance concentration (estimated by C0 concentration) pharmacokinetic parameters did not significantly differ according to Cyclosporine formulation in both complete or short pharmacokinetic studies: AUC-4265 vs. 4204 and 3834 vs. 3670 ng/ml/h respectively; (p &gt; 0.05), Cmax (1036 vs 931 and 813 vs 741 ng/ml respectively; (p &gt; 0.05). Allograft dysfunction occurred in 5% of patients subjected to Neoral immunosuppression and in 8% of Equoral recipients (p &gt; 0.05). However biopsy-proven acute rejection as a cause of graft dysfunction was seen only in patients receiving Ecoral (7% vs 0; p &lt; 0.05). One-years graft survival rate did not differ between groups (99% and 94% in generic CyA and Neoral respectively; p &gt; 0.05), whereas events-free graft survival was significantly lower in patients, receiving generic CyA than in Neoral group (88 vs 94% respectively; p = 0,03). Conclusion . Pharmacokinetic studies have shown the absorption profile of generic formulations Equoral do not differ significantly from that of Neoral. Prospective pilot trial demonstrated no difference between one-year graft survival or graft dysfunction rate, but lower eventsfree one-year graft survival as well as the tendency to higher acute rejection rate in patients treated with generics in comparison with those receiving Neoral should be noted. This issue is to be studied further.

Radiology Order Decision Support: Examination-Indication Appropriateness Assessed Using 2 Electronic Systems

PurposeThe goal of the study was to determine the effects of guideline implementation strategy using 2 commercial radiology clinical decision support (CDS) systems. MethodsThe appropriateness and insurance dispositions of MRI and CT orders were evaluated using the Medicalis SmartReq and Nuance RadPort CDS systems during 2 different 3-month periods. Logistic regression was used to compare these outcomes between the 2 systems, after adjusting for patient-mix differences. ResultsApproximately 2,000 consecutive outpatient MRI and CT orders were evaluated over 2 periods of 3 months each. Medicalis scored 60% of exams as “indeterminate” (insufficient information) or “not validated” (no guidelines). Excluding these cases, Nuance scored significantly more exams as appropriate than did Medicalis (80% versus 51%, P < .001) and predicted insurance outcome significantly more often (76% versus 58%, P < .001). Only when the Medicalis “indeterminate” and “not validated” categories were combined with the high- or moderate-utility categories did the 2 CDS systems have similar performance. Overall, 19% of examinations with low-utility ratings were reimbursed. Conversely, 0.8% of examinations with high- or moderate-utility ratings were denied reimbursement. ConclusionsThe chief difference between the 2 CDS systems, and the strongest influence on outcomes, was how exams without relevant guidelines or with insufficient information were handled. Nuance augmented published guidelines with clinical best practice; Medicalis requested additional information utilizing pop-up windows. Thus, guideline implementation choices contributed to decision making and outcomes. User interface, specifically, the number of screens and completeness of indication choices, controlled CDS interactions and, coupled with guidance implementation, influenced willingness to use the CDS system.

전기조명의 사회기술전환 연구 : 백열램프에서 형광램프로

Technology for electric lighting has been evolving from Incandescent Lamp(IL) through Fluorescent Lamp(FL) and currently to Solid State Lighting(SSL) such as LED for more than 130 years of time. However, it took more than 100 years until the transition from IL to FL across overall society. That is because the transition is the Socio-Technical Transition(STT) which involves various social elements. This study investigated and analyzed the theories regarding STT, and applied the Multi-Level Perspective(MLP) theory to the case of electric lighting. A qualitative contents analysis was used with secondary data as research method, and the analyzed result was visualized based on the frame of MLP theory. The STT of electric lighting from IL to FL took place as the order of Technical Niche, Socio-Technical Regime and Landscape. Specifically, in Technical Niche level: Establishing Market Niche, Price-Performance Improvement, Learning Process and Support of Powerful Group took place. In Socio-Technical Regime level: Changes in Social Network, Changes in Technology and Changes in Rules. In Landscape level: Macro-Political Development, Socio-Economic Trends and Macro-Economic Trends took place in consecutive order.

Impact of Renewable Portfolio Standard System on the Feasibility of LNG Combined-cycle Power Projects based on Project Finance

This study was to investigate to what extent RPS system affected the feasibility of LNG combined-cycle power project based on the PF. As a result, this study found out that the reflection of present carrying charge was applied as degradation factors of feasibility to such an extent that the business promotion became acutely difficult. It was reviewed as the secure strategy of REC through the self-construction of renewable energy facility had a good influence on the feasibility with a positive countermeasure than REC purchase on the spot market or strategy of postponed fulfillment. To conclude, this study has suggested a method of reflecting the implementation capacity by transfer year of RPS from 2.0% in consecutive order. This researcher sees that it can reduce the excessive obligation burden on the power producers and can induce even investment on the renewable energy business in a long-term view rather than the investment on the specific facility to perform a duty in a short-term view.

TRANSFORMATIONAL CONVERSIONS OF MANGANESE HYDROXIDES FROM FERROMANGANESE DEPOSITS OF THE WORLD OCEAN UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE

The paper is aimed at investigation and characterization as well as at crystal-chemical interpretation of products of thermo conversions of manganese hydroxides from ferromanganese deposits from different areas in the World Ocean. The results of research which are represented in this paper give notions about features of crystal-chemical conversions of manganese minerals with different types of crystal structure, different chemical composition and genesis when they are heated. This allows to generate new diagnostic criteria of these minerals and valuation of such type of mineral resources. Such common minerals, in marine and oceanic nodules, as vernadite, birnessite, buzerit I, mixed-layer asbolan– buzerit, todorokit and pyrolusite, were selected for further research. The samples were taken in certain way to have one mineral phase of manganese hydroxide which is represented by two preparations: one of which is with high ratio of iron and manganese, and the other one with low ratio, and with different quantities of nickel, cobalt and copper. To study changes of mineral composition of ferromanganese deposits the samples were heated in consecutive order in the range of temperatures 20-9000С. The mineral composition of initial samples and the products of annealing was determined by means of x-ray diffraction. Transformations of manganese hydroxides under the influence of high temperatures are as follows: if iron is a dominant component in the initial sample, hematite and yakobsite will be formed; if manganese content will be increased in the initial sample then hematite is absent in the products of annealing and along with yakobsite such mineral as biksbiit appears. Later on, with incensement of manganese content in the initial sample such mineral as gausmanite appears in the products of annealing which corresponds to the area of disruption of miscibility in the system. Along with farther incensement of the ratio between iron and manganese, such mineral as yakobsite cannot be formed anymore and the quantity of gausmanite increases. Initial mineralogical composition of the sample determines the character of conversions of crystal lattice up to 7000C. The composition of the final products of annealing depends first of all on the ratio Mn/Fe in the sample. Thus, the trend of transformation of manganese hydroxides from marine and oceanic ferromanganese deposits under the influence of heating depicts commonality of their structure. Under the influence of temperature on manganese-oxygen octahedrons only the way of connection between layers and bands and their order can be changed. The scheme of transformational conversions of manganese hydroxides is suggested in the paper.