Awareness Of Equality Research Articles

The influence of parents on children's consciousness of gender equality: a multi-group structural equation modeling approach.

This study aimed to understand the consciousness of gender equality among school-aged children in China and its influencing factors using structural equation modeling to explore the pathways, intensity and group differences among these factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using stratified random whole-group sampling of primary school students in grades 1-6 and their parents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In this study, 1,312 valid questionnaires were collected from a total of 1,500 school-aged children in Hunan Province, China (effective response rate of 87.5%). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0 software. Statistical inference consisted of t-tests, analysis of variance, the LSD test, Pearson correlation analysis, multiple stepwise linear regression analysis and structural equation modeling. School-aged children had the lowest consciousness of gender equality in the area of occupation and relatively higher consciousness in the areas of family and school. Children's age, gender, gender role, parent-child relationship, teacher-student relationship and parents' gender equality consciousness had predictive effects on children's consciousness of gender equality. The structural equation model constructed in this study is applicable to school-aged children of different genders. There was a significant difference in the structural equation modeling for children in different study period groups. In the education process, parents and teachers should attempt to improve their own consciousness of gender equality, integrate the concept of androgynous education, enhance close relationships with children, and adopt appropriate education methods according to the characteristics of different groups of children.

베트남 20대 미혼 청년이 지각한 부모의 부부관계와 성평등 의식이 결혼가치관에 미치는 영향

The goal of this study is to specifically analyze and find out how the socio-demographic, parents' marital relationship, and gender equality awareness factors of unmarried young people in their 20s in Vietnam affect their marriage values. The subjects of the study were 438 single men and women in their 20s. In this study, the data was interpreted using the SPPSS 26.0 program. First, the results of the study showed that, depending on general characteristics, there were significant differences in the parents' marital relationship, awareness of gender equality, and marriage values. Second, it was confirmed that there was a significant correlation between parents' marital relationship, gender equality awareness, and marriage values. Lastly, as a result of analyzing the relative influence of parents' marital relationship and gender equality consciousness on marriage values, it was confirmed that it had a significant impact on parents' perceived marital relationships, gender equality awareness, and marriage values. In this study, it was revealed that parents' marital relationships are important in forming children's marital values, and the necessity of forming a high level of awareness of gender equality amidst social changes was emphasized.

Survey and clinical considerations of gender identity in lower primary school children.

Gender consciousness directly affects the development of gender identity, which is a continuous and lifelong process. Meanwhile, hospitalization is a part of many children's lives and has an impact on their gender development. To investigate the current situation of gender identity in lower primary school children by conducting a survey of 202 hospitalized children in the lower grades and to provide a theoretical basis and foundation for the cultivation of gender identity and medical treatment of children based on the results. This study aims to inspire clinical medical staff to scientifically and reasonably arrange hospital wards for lower primary school children and pay attention to gender protection during the medical treatment process and to help children shape a unified and clear gender identity, which will enable them to better integrate into society and promote their personality development. The gender consciousness scale for elementary and middle school students was used for the survey. Gender identity was already present in lower primary school children. The children's gender roles and gender equality consciousness were strong, exceeding the critical value, but their gender characteristics, gender identity, and gender ideal consciousness were weak. Children aged 6 had the weakest gender identity, and girls had significantly stronger gender identity than boys. Gender identity is already present in lower primary school children, providing a basis and inspiration for the cultivation of gender identity and medical treatment of lower primary school children. Clinical medical staff should be aware of and understand these results and should scientifically and reasonably arrange hospital wards for lower primary school children.

The moderating effect of gender equality consciousness on environmental concern among males and females.

In the discourse on the heterogeneity of gender and environmental concern, gender equality awareness can further illuminate the complexity of gender and environmental concern across different cultural backgrounds. Differing from prior research, our study focuses on exploring the relationship between different genders, gender equality awareness, and environmental concern, as well as investigating whether gender equality awareness has distinct effects on environmental concern among different genders. Utilizing data from the 2021 China General Social Survey (CGSS), we conducted a theoretical investigation into gender differences in environmental concern. First, we used descriptive statistics to observe the differences between the samples. Secondly, in order to compare the influence of gender equality awareness on different genders, we conducted t-tests on gender subgroups. Subsequently, an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model was employed to examine the effects of gender and gender equality awareness on environmental issues. Finally, gender equality awareness was introduced as a moderating variable to explore its potential interaction with gender and investigate whether a moderation mechanism exists between gender and environmental concern. Findings indicate that 1) male respondents in China exhibit greater concern for the environment compared to female respondents; 2) higher levels of gender equality awareness are positively correlated with higher levels of environmental concern; 3) the influence of gender on environmental concern is moderated by the degree of gender equality awareness. Specifically, when gender equality awareness is strengthened, female respondents exhibit a higher degree of environmental concern. Enhancing gender equality awareness contributes to improving both social gender equality and equitable concern for the environment. The findings could provide insights for similar developing countries like China.

A lower gender equality consciousness in rural and left-behind children: a latent class analysis.

School age is a critical period for the development of individual gender equality consciousness. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential classes of school-age children's gender equality consciousness, influencing factors and their differences in gender role, thus providing targeted guidance for the formulation and implementation of gender equality education strategies. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1846 school-age children using the demographic information questionnaire, gender equality consciousness questionnaire and Bem Sex Role Inventory. A latent class analysis was performed to explore gender equality consciousness latent classes. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the predictors of class membership, and chi-square test was used to compare the gender role of each latent class. The average age of the included 1846 participants was 10.10 ± 1.82 years old. The proportion of boy, grade 6 and living in urban area, respectively, were 50.8, 25.3, and 60.2%. The only children was 16.3% and left-behind children was 22.5%. 60.5% of all children thought their parents had a good relationship. The core family structure in all participants was 54.1%. Mothers were the caregivers of most children (63.6%). The same-sex friends more than 3 was 73.5%, while opposite-sex friends ranged from 0 to 1 was 41.7%. Three latent classes were identified and labeled "high gender equality consciousness" class (20.6%), "moderate gender equality consciousness" class (42.3%) and "low high gender equality consciousness" class (37.1%). Factors affecting the different types of school-age children's gender equality consciousness include gender, grade, caregiver, place of residence, whether they are left-behind children and parental relationship. Rural and left-behind children are more likely to enter the "low gender equality consciousness" group. Children in the "low gender equality consciousness" group had a lower proportion of androgynous gender role. Rural children and left-behind children are the priority groups for gender equality education. Gender role is the important predictors and intervention targets of children's gender equality consciousness. Educators or policy makers can formulate targeted intervention measures according to the influencing factors of potential classes.

청년의 공정성 인식이 상대적 박탈감에 미치는 영향

This study examines the influence of fairness perception among young adults aged 20 to 30 on their sense of relative deprivation, and investigate whether the mediating role of gender equality in the relationship between perceived fairness and relative deprivation varies according to gender. To fulfill these research objectives, an online survey was administered to a sample of 306 young adults. The findings suggested that while perceived fairness significantly influences relative deprivation across the entire young adult group. Moreover, the group's gender equality was found not to have a statistically significant impact on relative deprivation, indicating it does not serve as a mediator between perceived fairness and relative deprivation. Interestingly, for the male subset, although perceived fairness did not affect relative deprivation, The gender equality of young males mediated the relationship between perceived fairness and relative deprivation. In contrast, within the female subset, while perceived fairness significantly impacted relative deprivation, it did not influence gender equality consciousness. The gender equality of young females does not mediate the relationship between perceived fairness and relative deprivation. In light of these results, The study suggested social welfare strategies to address gender-based polarization within young generations.

Nationalism in Globalization

This paper, following the method of systematic balanced thinking, studies nationalism and nation-states amidst globalization, proposing the following main points: First, moving to the center of the world stage, we should correctly understand nationalism and nation-states, and represent the moral, theoretical and technological commanding heights. Second, nationalism is a double-edged sword, the national liberation movement in history was essentially a movement against imperialism, extreme nationalism is the root of world turmoil, and national self-determination and national independence movement is not a fundamental choice for the healthy development of human society. Third, nation-states have universality and particularity of interests, the essence of nation-states is to concentrate national strength to defend national rights and interests, and to maintain social order and the rule of public life. Fourth, the People’s Republic of China and the United States of America are two nation-states with distinctive characteristics in the world. The United States, as the largest emerging nation-state, highlights Protestant culture in its nationality, adheres to power politics and the rule of survival of the fittest, and pays more respect to modern laws and regulations in national governance. China, as the largest ancient nation-state, highlights farming culture in its nationality, adheres to the philosophy of living in harmony with nature, and is greatly influenced by natural forces or traditions in terms of national governance. The cooperation-competition development with “Bipolar Coexistence” of China and the United States results from the law of human social development. Fifth, to cope with the current complex and sensitive international situation, it is necessary to correctly judge and choose the future trend and power of nation-states in the world. The countries in our world are multi-ethnic and multi-religious. Peaceful coexistence, mutual benefit, free choice of residence and mutual respect are the only correct choices for the survival and development of peoples of all ethnic groups around the world. The action and reaction of universality and nationality promote the development process of the Community of Shared Future for Mankind. Sixth, the key to national equality lies in equality of people, and the key to building the Community of Shared Future for Mankind lies in the consciousness of equality, which requires that we adhere to the unity of universality and particularity.

Problems and Countermeasures of Gender Equality Education in Junior Middle Schools

Carrying out gender equality education in junior middle schools is one of the significant objectives and tasks in the Development of Chinese Women (2021-2030). The adolescent stage is a crucial period for gender equality education. It is significant for teenagers to implement and promote gender equality education in junior high school. This paper starts with the current situation of gender equality education in junior middle schools in our country. It analyzes the existing problems of gender education from four aspects: school education policy, curriculum setting, teachers' gender education literacy, and classroom teaching. Based on the problem analysis, this paper concludes that schools and teachers should start by establishing gender equality consciousness, starting from campus activities, curriculum system design, and classroom teaching activities, and put forward corresponding suggestions and countermeasures.

유아 양성평등교육 프로그램 메타분석

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on the development of early childhood gender equality education programs. For this study, 15 individual studies related to the gender equality education program for young children in Korea were selected and 25 effect sizes were extracted. EXCEL and CMA programs were used for analysis, and the research results are as follows. It was confirmed that the overall effect size of the early childhood gender equality education program was a large effect size based on Cohen (1988). Looking at the effect size for each dependent variable, it was confirmed that all six dependent variables had a large effect size, and the difference according to the dependent variable was also significant. In addition, it was found that there was a significant effect size in four dependent variables: gender role stereotypes, gender role identification, gender equality consciousness, and gender role identity. Looking at the effect size according to the control variable, it was found that only the effect size according to the number of people in the experimental group had a significant difference. However, a significant large effect size was confirmed only when the number of people was 20 or less, 6 ~ 10 weeks in the period, 11 ~ 20 times in the number of times, and when the family connection included experience. Through this study, it was confirmed that the early childhood gender equality education program was very effective, suggesting that it is necessary to consider the difference between the dependent variable and the control variable in order to develop the program.

대학교원의 성역할 인식척도 개발과 타당화 연구

Purpose: This study developed a gender role scale for university faculty members to measure and verify how they feel and express their gender roles, and to validate the developed tool. Methods: Preliminary questions were extracted by selecting fifty-nine questions as three sub-factors after verifying the validity of the contents from one to three times with tweleve university professors and field experts. Results: An online survey was conducted with 241 university faculty members using exploratory factor analysis. The validity of this scale was verified by conducting a confirmatory factor analysis of 373 university faculty members, and the suitability of the scale was confirmed. Conclusion: Analysis confirmed that the scale was a valid test tool through the correlation between the Korean gender equality consciousness scale and the Korean multi-faceted gender consciousness scale.

Servant Issue in Virginia Woolf’s To The Lighthouse: A Journey From Marginalization to Inclusion

This study engages itself with an important social matter that gained intensity in the 1920s: servant issue, and reconsiders the interrelations between masters and the servants. Through exposing the kitchen and domestic labor, Woolf criticizes the social system constructed on the basis of one class exploiting the other. To battle with the hierarchical relationship between servants and masters, Woolf betrays a consciousness of more equality in class relations, which is generally juxtaposed and interlocked with gender equality in her texts. This study is rereading of the domestic party scenes in view of the emphatic moment of the cook’s spatial transgression from the kitchen to the drawing room, at which Woolf scrutinizes what has been hidden from the architecture of the Victorian private life.

기혼 취업여성의 부부친밀감과 성평등의식이 일 만족도에 미치는 영향

Objectives This study investigated the effects of marital intimacy and gender equality consciousness on job satisfaction among married working women, and examines the mediating effect of work-family conflict in these influence relationships. Methods As for the research method, a quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted by selecting 2,083 married and working women as the study subjects in the Women and Family Panel Survey 2018 (9,602 women). For data analysis, SPSS 25 program was used. In order to verify the mediating effect of work-family conflict, the three-step analysis method of Baron & Kenny (1986) was selected. Results A summary of the results of this study is as follows. First, married working women's marital intimacy was found to have a statistically significant (+) effect on job satisfaction (p<.01). Second, the gender equality consciousness of married working women was found to have a statistically significant positive (+) effect on job satisfaction (p<.05). In addition, marital intimacy was found to have a positive effect on reducing work-family conflict, which showed a statistically significant result (p<.01). Third, marital intimacy alleviated work-family conflict, and alleviated work-family conflict had a positive effect on improving work satisfaction at work (p<.001), and gender equality awareness also reduced work-family conflict. It was confirmed that work-family conflict that was alleviated and alleviated increased work satisfaction (p<.001). Conclusions Based on this, in order to improve job satisfaction of married working women, it will be necessary to intervene in social welfare practices, such as developing programs and building infrastructure to increase marital intimacy and awareness of gender equality. In addition, the government, local governments, and local communities should connect and expand a family-friendly system that can reduce work-family conflict. Therefore, this study intends to provide the implications and basic data for improving job satisfaction among married working women.

A Study on the Gender Sensitivity of Korean Public Officials and Public Institution Employees: Focusing on the Interaction Effect of Gender and Rank

GGI is an indicator of the gender gap in each country, and GGI values closer to 1 indicate more gender equality. Korea's Gender Gap Index (GGI) as of 2020 is 0.672, thus Korea can be seen to have a high gender gap. Gender sensitivity refers to one's sensitivity to detecting sexist elements in daily life and their understanding of gender imbalance. Unlike GGI, it has the advantage of being able to measure an individual's gender equality consciousness. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the interaction between gender and rank affects gender sensitivity by targeting public officials and public institution employees who play an important role in the implementation of laws and policies related to gender sensitivity. A survey was conducted with 500 people in May 2021 by targeting Korean public officials and public institution employees. Allocation sampling was performed by dividing gender and rank into four groups. After excluding questionnaires with many non-responses, 480 copies were ultimately used for analysis. First, overall gender sensitivity, misogyny susceptibility, hostile sexism susceptibility, and passive sexism susceptibility were all higher in females than males as well as higher in team members than team managers or higher. Second, among the gender sensitivity sub-factors, there were no significant differences in gender or rank in sexual violence susceptibility. Third, the interaction between gender and rank had a significant effect on overall gender sensitivity, misogyny susceptibility, passive sexism susceptibility, and hostile sexism susceptibility. Therefore, the result of the study shows that an important task for the future development of Korea's gender sensitivity is not simply the issue of men and women, but also the need to explore ethical relationships with others.

스페인 중세 시 『죽음의 무도』에 드러난 사회 비판 연구

The purpose of this study is to analyze the change in social consciousness after the outbreak of the Black Death, which was revealed in the late medieval Spanish poem Danza General de la muerte, and to reflect on its significance. As is well known, the Black Death Pandemic sacrificed nearly a third of Europe''s population between 1347 and 1351, and was taken a significant opportunity to accelerate the transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. Danza de la muerte as new motif in literature and art that emerged in many European countries after the Black Death, contains sharp social criticism as well as views on life and death changed after the Black Death. In particular, the consciousness of equality of all people in the face of death and the strict judgment of the vested classes who have corrupted or forgotten their duties is remarkable. In that sense, Danza general de la Muerte served as a new milestone in the satirical literature that criticized the hierarchical order and privileged groups of medieval society, and had a great influence on Renaissance and Baroque literature thereafter. Since the Black Death is a representative example of how pandemic played a decisive role in changing the direction of history and the appearance of the times, it is expected to be a reference point when considering the change of direction in the post-COVID-19 era in the future.

여대생이 지각한 부모의 부부갈등, 양성평등의식, 진로포부가 결혼가치관에 미치는 영향

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of interparental conflict, the consciousness of gender equality, and career aspirations on marriage values in female university students. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted. The participants of this study were 144 female college students aged 19 or older attending universities in South Korea. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, Multiple regression analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20.0. Results: The results showed that consciousness of gender equality (β=.27, p<.001) affects marriage values most, followed by interparental conflict (β=.19, p=.023). Conclusion: The results showed that interparental conflict and the consciousness of gender equality influenced marriage values. Based on these results, the discovery that gender equality has a greater effect on marriage values than interparental conflict is significant.

A Research on Sex Education Environment in Preschool Children Families

The gender equality education environment in the preschool children’s family reflects the parents’ concept, attitude and behavior towards the children’s gender equality education. This study adopted a combination of convenience sampling and stratified sampling to select research objects from 18 kindergartens in Suzhou city. Based on gender role attitudes scale (GARS), gender role parenting attitude questionnaire and father parenting engagement questionnaire were designed to investigate and analyze the gender equality educational environment in preschool children’s families. Statistical analysis methods were employed to analyze the collected data based on SPSS software, such as hierarchical regression and one-way analysis of variance. The result indicated that the gender equality consciousness and gender rearing attitude of preschool children’s parents were above the middle level. The gender equality consciousness of parents was discrepant in terms of their gender, age and family socioeconomic status. The gender attitude of parents was influenced by the gender of parents, the socioeconomic status of families, the awareness of gender equality of parents, the involvement of fathers and the gender of children. The suggestions are given as follows: paying more attention to the shortcomings of parents’ awareness of gender equality and deepening the promotion of social gender equality. Exploring feasible improvement paths for families with different backgrounds. Giving action support and enhancing father’s participation in children’s upbringing.

기혼여성의 부모의 문제음주, 양성평등의식이 부부의사소통에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of married women's parental problem drinking and gender equality consciousness on marital communication. In October 2019, data was collected on married women in the Southern part of Gangwon Province, and was analyzed by the SPSS 18.0 program. As a result of this study, 42.5% of subjects were ACOAs who were affected by their parental problem drinking. The younger they were, the more gender equality awareness and the better marital communication they had. The shorter their marriage period, the better their marital communication. As for the influence of parental problem drinking on marital communication, the more influence they had on parental problem drinking, the less likely they were to communication. And as for the influence of gender equality awareness on marital communication, the higher the gender equality awareness, the more likely they were to communicate. Based on these results, the interventions to improve marital communication of married women were proprsed.&#x0D;

Gender Sensitivity and Gender Equality Consciousness of Dental Hygiene Students

Gender Sensitivity and Gender Equality Consciousness of Dental Hygiene Students

Factors Influencing Gender Equality Awareness of Female Nursing Students

Purpose: This study provides basic data for sexual counseling and sexual education program development for female college students by confirming the correlation between the coming-of-age ceremony, sexual attitudes, sex values, and gender equality consciousness of nursing college students, and identifies the influencing factors. Methods: The survey was a descriptive survey of nursing students enrolled in a four-year university located in J province from October 4 to 15, 2019, and 151 people were analyzed. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test, and multiple logistic regression in the SPSS/Win 24.0 program. Results: Regarding the difference in gender equality consciousness according to general characteristics, there was a significant difference in gender information received from seniors and juniors and a monthly average income of less than KRW 1 million, and there was a positive correlation between the gender equality consciousness, coming of age, gender attitudes, and gender value. The factors influencing the subjects gender equality consciousness were sexual attitudes and gender value, and the explanatory power was 35%. Conclusion: educational methods will be needed to raise gender equality consciousness and develop gender values with a correct coming-of-age consciousness and sexual attitudes required in the present era, individual counseling, and group education programs by various experts.

Differences in Gender Equality Consciousness between Latent Profiles based on Organizational Culture Types Recognized by Corporate Workers

Differences in Gender Equality Consciousness between Latent Profiles based on Organizational Culture Types Recognized by Corporate Workers