Conscious Subjects Research Articles

The Influence of Development of Feminism on Creation of Suspense Novels: Analysis from the Perspective of Ecofeminism

This study focuses on the feminist interpretation of female criminal factors in suspense novels by female writers and explores the impact of the evolution of feminist thought on the creation of female writers in different eras. The research background is based on the two major factors of “castration emotion” and “patriarchal resistance” in female criminal psychology, combined with the expressions of female writers on life and death issues, taking into account the impact of the development of feminism on female writers in the era, and reflecting on the internal society Paradox emphasizes that gender equality and nature conservation are closely linked. Through text analysis, document analysis, and comparative analysis, starting from ecofeminism, the feminist thoughts on the female homicide cases in the text are analyzed. The study found that the change in narrative perspective from Agatha to Tokarczuk reflects the improvement of feminist consciousness. The evolution of female roles from male subordinates to independent individuals reflects the development of feminism. Finally, the transformation of female subject consciousness emphasizes the progress of women’s thinking as independent individuals. This study shows that the works created by female writers were influenced by the feminist movement at that time to varying degrees. The highlight of the research is to make up for the scarcity of research on ecofeminism and Tokarczuk in China. Through comparison, the comparative perspective of the texts of the two female writers is supplemented.

The mass person and their speech roles of a simpleton, a buffoon, a mentor in the Russian prose of the 1920s

The scientific review deals with the understanding of the image of the mass person in the literature of the 1920s. The focus of our attention includes both the actual literary texts of the writers of this decade, as well as fundamentally important studies devoted to this problem. Historical-typological and comparative methods are chosen as leading research technologies. They allow us to study the subjective organization of prose works and create a scientific classification of the most representative phenomena in this field. Modern achievements in narrative theory are taken into account. It is widely known that in the revolutionary breakdown of the entire symbolic system of being the ratio of everydayness and non-everydayness has changed. The role of the public dimension increased, human life went out onto the street, the square, and there was a tilt towards the collectivist "we". An ordinary person found their voice and inevitably became, to some extent, a historical "figure". For writers, this person was of interest as a subject of consciousness and a subject of speech. The range of speech roles of the mass person is quite large. There is a simpleton, and a buffoon, and a joker, and a performer, and a cheat, and a singer, and a limited person, and a fool, and a teaching mentor, and a narrow-minded judge. A mass person represents himself/herself in texts in different ways: 1) in the individual lines assigned to him/her by the author, 2) in detailed monologues, and, finally, 3) in prose. In the latter case comically-colored and holistic forms of fantasy-narrative became extremely active: there was a demand for a narrator figure capable of replacing the traditional figure of an "omniscient" narrator close to the author. This narrator completely subordinates the narrative, and the phraseological point of view of the character who initiated the storytelling event begins to dominate the text. The scientific review deals with the works of M.M. Zoshchenko, P.S. Romanov, A.N. Tolstoy, V.Ya. Shishkov, M.Ya. Kozyrev, Y.L. Slezkin. At the same time, attention is paid to such opposite speech reflections of the mass person as a harmless buffoon who turns every thing and every being around themselves into a theater of life, and a severely instructive mentor, distinguished by speech aggression. All these examples show that the traditional "little person" (familiar from previous literature and becoming a "mass person" in new historical conditions and gaining the status of the initiator of storytelling) does not at the same time acquire proper personal development and reveals his or her stereotypicality and shallowness.

A Literacy Narrative in Legal Discourse of Russia

The paper elucidates the role of a literacy narrative in the construction and content of domestic legal discourse. On the basis of communicative methodology, the author examines the value aspects of the impact of the fiction on the consciousness and behavior of subjects of law and the construction of legal reality. An analysis of the literacy narrative as a collection of works of fiction having existence in a certain space-time continuum made it possible to conclude that the literary narrative is both a specific form of knowledge of legal reality and a means of influencing human consciousness and behavior in the process of legal socialization. Of all the sociocultural paradigms that mediate a person’s perception of the essence of law, not only in the legal, but also in the social sense, it is fiction that occupies the most significant place. Being a form of collective consciousness, a literary work in the process of legal communication broadcasts information about value attitudes, the implementation of which will make it possible to give the addressee’s legal behavior a purposeful character and ensure its identification with the community of which he is a member. The images of law and legal reality formed in domestic works of art are an explication of legal archetypes and broadcast the primacy of the value component of legal reality over the normative.

Reflexive neural circuits and the origin of language and music codes

Conscious activity is grounded on the reflexive self-awareness in sense perception, through which the codes signifying sensual perceptive events operate and constrain human behavior. These codes grow via the creative generation of hypertextual statements. We apply the model of Vladimir Lefebvre (Lefebvre, V.A., 1987, J. Soc. Biol. Struct. 10, 129-175) to reveal the underlying structures on which the perception and creative development of language and music codes are based. According to this model, the reflexive structure of conscious subject is grounded on three thermodynamic cycles united by the control of the basic functional cycle by the second one, and resulting in the internal action that it turn is perceived by the third cycle evaluating this action. In this arrangement, the generative language structures are formed and the frequencies of sounds that form musical phrases and patterns are selected. We discuss the participation of certain neural brain structures and the establishment of reflexive neural circuits in the ad hoc transformation of perceptive signals and show the similarities between the processes of perception and of biological self-maintenance and morphogenesis. We trace the peculiarities of the temporal encoding of emotions in music and musical creativity, as well as the principles of sharing musical information between the performing and the perceiving individuals.

On Female-Shamed Subjectivity in Christina Rossetti’s “Goblin Market”

ABSTRACT Christina Rossetti’s “Goblin Market” has received considerable attention largely due to the interpreting of its biblical allusion and female issues, including female subjectivity and sisterhood. However, these studies tend to focus on female issues in terms of theology, feminism, and psychoanalysis. Few studies have investigated the relationship between emotions and female identity. Shame is a paramount emotion in Rossetti’s work. This article examines how shame exerts a great influence on female subjectivity in Rossetti’s “Goblin Market” by applying Gershen Kaufman’s theory on the psychology of shame. It first investigates how Laura’s “disgrace shame” and Lizzie’s “discretion shame” dynamically determine the development of their self-identity. Focusing on the psychotherapeutic process of their shame, it then explores how Laura and Lizzie restore their sisterhood and find ways to reconstruct their shamed subjectivity. Finally, this article concludes that the shame tied to the consciousness of subjectivity in Rossetti’s heroines further reflects how shame underlies women’s writing in the Victorian era. By placing “Goblin Market” in dialogue with Kaufman’s account of shame’s capacity to forge self-identity, this article hopes to inspire more discussion about female issues in poetry in terms of affect studies.

The Change and Development of Female Images of Different Social Periods Reflected

Before the emergence of deconstructivism, the idea of gender binary opposition occupied the mainstream of social thought. Female was regarded as second gender, attached to male who occupied social resources, and female’s subject consciousness was also weak. The proposal of deconstructivism broke this gender binary opposition, which belongs to the product of patriarchal society, female’s self-consciousness also gradually awakened. With the development of society through different eras, the changes of women’s status and thoughts in the real world are also accurately reflected in the literary works at that time. This paper takes the female images in three classic literary works in different social periods as the key point, including Tom Jones in classicism, Jane Eyre in Romanticism and O Pioneers! in Modernism. By analyzing the surface changes of these female images and the deep social reasons that promote such changes, this paper reflects the changes in social power structure and social resource distribution caused by the development of time and people’s ideological liberation, criticizes the imprisonment and oppression of women in the old society, and witnesses the gradual awakening of female consciousness and the birth of a relatively just society.

Economic paradigms, public ethics, socio-economic institutions: dynamics and relationships

The article studies the relationship between ethics and economics in the context of current system’s functioning of the most important social institutions. The purpose of the study is to theoretically analyze the relation between the economic and ethical structure of society and to develop recommendations for the practical application of the results ща designing a strategy for the country's socio-economic development. The research is based on the principles of the systems approach, space-time analysis and the methodology of systemic socio-economic theory. The structure of economic paradigms is compared to the structure of ethical paradigms. The conclusion is made about their mutual conditionality and influence on the type of social structure. The dual nature of the relationship between economics and ethics is substantiated. This duality is manifested in the separation of the subject of economics and ethics in systemic terms: if the economic subjects are the processes aimed at mastering the forces of nature, then the subjects of ethics are the processes aimed at improving the system of intra-societal relations. Economics in society is comprehensive, while ethics has the property of widespread penetration into the consciousness of economic subjects. The economic and ethical spheres all together determine the structure and functions of socio-economic space-time. Strengthening the institution of reputation contributes to the dissemination and consolidation of traditional values and raising the ethical level of society. It is necessary to represent it in the strategy of the country's socio-economic development along with target guidelines for economic dynamics, as well as the desired state of the spiritual sphere of the population and generally accepted principles of ethical behavior. The possibilities of applying ethical principles in solving the problems of location and development of productive forces in the country are explored.

Counting subjects

ABSTRACT We normally assume that there’s just one conscious individual per animal. Some question this, suggesting that there may be nonhuman taxonomic groups whose normal, adult members house more than one conscious subject. Call this the multitudes view (‘MV)’. Our aim is methodological: we hope to understand how we might assess whether MV is true. To that end, we distinguish two strategies for counting conscious subjects: the duplication strategy and the mind-first strategy. We use human split-brain patients and octopuses to illustrate the prospects and limitations of each approach, as some have argued that both sets of individuals contain multitudes. We’ll contend that while the duplication strategy is applicable to split-brain patients, it isn’t apt for octopuses. The mind-first strategy fairs better here, but there’s a catch: it requires, in a way the duplication strategy does not, numerous contentious assumptions about the nature of mentality, the individuation of minds, and consciousness to simply get off the ground. These difficulties clarify just what it would take to establish MV.

The neglected conscious subject in consciousness science: Commentary on “Beyond task response—Pre-stimulus activity modulates contents of consciousness” by G. Northoff, F. Zilio & J. Zhang

The neglected conscious subject in consciousness science: Commentary on “Beyond task response—Pre-stimulus activity modulates contents of consciousness” by G. Northoff, F. Zilio & J. Zhang

On Gender Equality in Junior High School English Textbooks: A Case Study of the Chinese PEP Eighth-Grade Textbooks

With the development of society, the consciousness of female subjectivity has gradually awakened, and the issue of gender equality in the field of education has also attracted more and more attentions. Education plays an important role in constructing students’ concept of gender equality, and textbooks, as an important medium for students to receive education, are an important part of promoting educational equality. In addition, the junior high school stage is a critical period for students to develop values, and textbooks, as an educational medium, should help students establish a correct understanding of gender roles. However, previous studies have shown that there is an implicit bias of gender inequality in teaching materials. This study conducts an in-depth study on gender equality in the PEP eighth-grade English textbooks. It adopts the literature review method to sort out the relevant research at home and abroad, and uses the content analysis method to comprehensively analyze the gender roles, illustrations, and language use in the textbooks. It also combines quantitative and qualitative analysis methods to discuss the current situation and causes of gender equality. The study finds that there are gender stereotypes and gender discrimination in textbooks, which have an impact on students’ gender perception and self-perception. Concerning these issues, this paper proposes improvement countermeasures, aiming to promote the fairness of junior high school English education, to help students establish correct gender concepts and self-awareness, and to provide references and suggestions for the compilation of teaching materials.

Contemporary Wolf Hunters in the Taiga of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)

Abstract This article presents two ethnographic case studies illustrating the practices and perceptions of contemporary wolf hunters (volchatniki) in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). We aim to show how contemporary volchatniki rely on individual strategies such as self-crafted technologies and hunting magic. Hunting of wolves must be understood in terms of mutual intimate sensory interplay, an exchange that can be perceived as intersubjective communication between human and non-human persons. This personal interaction creates bonds between humans and certain wolves, allowing some wolves to survive. Despite the technocratic attitude of the Soviet era that wolves were a pest species to be exterminated, volchatniki of today perceive wolves as conscious subjects displaying personality and character. Animistic assumptions of non-human agency play an important role in wolf hunting, in combination with technological advances.

Neurophenomenology in Action: Integrating the First-Person Perspective into the Libet Experiment

In this conceptual contribution, we argue that experimental investigations of phenomena in the cognitive sciences and consciousness research may benefit from a thorough integration of data acquired from the first-person perspective. We present a line of research from our lab applying this approach to the Libet task on voluntary action. In this well-known experimental paradigm, participants perform a movement at a moment of their own choice. Previous research has shown that this voluntary decision to perform the action is preceded by a specific pattern in the electroencephalogram, the so-called readiness potential. This finding that the decision is preceded (and presumably determined) by an action-related brain processes puts the neuroscientific account at odds with our subjective intuition and challenges the notion of free will. This discrepancy exemplifies the gap between neuro-cognitive models of the mind and the accounts of our conscious experience. The aim of our theoretical proposal is to enrich the study of volitional action by integrating reports from the first-person perspective with the Libet paradigm to develop a more coherent account. This provides an example of implementing the research program of neurophenomenology developed by Francisco Varela to overcome the gap between scientific accounts of the mind and subjective experience. Specifically, we show how this can be achieved by interweaving three methodological approaches: (i) adapting common neuro-cognitive paradigms (i.e., the Libet task); (ii) employing refined first-person methods such as the micro-phenomenological interview; and (iii) collaborating with experienced meditators as research participants. Our contribution demonstrates how the neurophenomenological framework can be used to shed new light on long-standing and fundamental debates in consciousness research. We show that this approach not only addresses questions of intellectual curiosity but also has concrete ethical implications for the practice of science itself, self-determination, and the accountability of the conscious subject. On the basis of our approach, meditation can be seen as a method for enhancing self-regulation and self-determination, which allows for more deliberate decisions and thus more ethical behavior.

Capgras Syndrome with Pregnant Woman: A Case Report and Literature Review

Background: Capgras syndrome is one of the delusional misidentification syndromes characterized by the delusional belief by the patient that the close person is replaced by an imposter who looks physically the same. Capgras syndrome was initially considered a purely psychotic disorder, but recently, Capgras syndrome understands as a neurological disorder, in which the delusion primarily results from organic brain lesions or degeneration. The case report aims to review previous literature on topic and present a case of pregnant woman experiencing Capgras delusion under full consciousness and whose expediencies are not linked to any psychiatric or neurological illness. Case presentation: A 29 year old, pregnant woman was brought for psychiatric consultation by her family with chief complaints of belief that her husband had been replaced by identical impostor, associated with irritability, anger and hostility since 4 months and aggravated in the last month. This pregnant woman showing absence of emotional response, no familiarity toward her husband and delusion that her husband replaced by imposter. Conclusion: Capgras syndrome is not necessarily pathological and can occur in a healthy population. Capgras syndrome may happen spontaneously under full consciousness in the healthy subjects; like in neurological and psychiatric patients. In this case report the phenomenological aspects of Capgras syndrome may similar in the content of the delusion to other studies were carried out with psychiatric or neurological patients, but no evidence of depersonalization, physical violence or aggression.

Reflection of the Development of Female Subject Consciousness: Based on the Tendency of Gender Role Division in Danmei Literature

"Danmei" culture is an important part of contemporary youth subculture, among which "original Danmei literature" is a form of online literature that can reflect the level of female subject consciousness. This article starts from the development history of Danmei literature, takes the tendency of the artificial division of gender roles in Danmei works as the theme, and analyzes the classic seme-uke model that appears in Danmei literary works and the further division of gender roles in the ABO worldview. Under the trend of gender role division in Danmei literature, the two protagonists, who are both biological males, are artificially divided into different gender expressions, and even under the ABO worldview, they are divided into sex physiological structural differences, which brings about a gender gap. Danmei literature has returned to the traditional gender power logic, and female subject consciousness has been eliminated to a certain extent, showing the negative side of the development of Danmei literature.

“The Other” in Story of Your Life

“Other” is a concept formed relative to “self”, referring to all people and things other than self. Western philosophers believe that the “other” is a prerequisite for the “self.” Subject consciousness cannot be established without the “other” in consciousness. The formation of the other takes place in the relationship of binary opposition. One party uses force, language and ideology to exercise hegemony over the other party, making the other party lose its right to speak and be marginalized, thus becoming “other”. The concept of “the other” has been widely used in feminist, post-colonial and other research fields. In his novel Story of Your Life, Ted Chiang uses “alien” as a metaphor for the Chinese image of “the other”. The image of China as the “other” reflects the complex mentality of the West towards China. In general, although the novel embodies the author’s cultural and ethical reflection to explore the equal communication between different civilizations and build a community of human destiny, the author’s orientalist imagination is hidden deep inside.

Mystical ineffability: a nonconceptual theory

This paper discusses the nonconceptual theory of mystical ineffability which claims that mystical experiences can’t be expressed linguistically because they can’t be conceptualized. I discuss and refute two objections against it: (a) that unconceptualized experiences are impossible, and (b) that the theory is ad hoc because it provides no reason for why mystical experiences should be unconceptualizable. I argue against (a) that distinguishing different meanings of ‘object of experience’ leaves open the possibility of non-empty but objectless nonconceptual experiences. I show that (b) is a valid objection but can be countered by a new theory of mystical non-conceptuality: mystical experiences are not conceptual because the specific mode of mystical consciousness prevents conceptualization. The dissolution of the subjectivity of consciousness during mystical experiences undermines the very foundation of the possibility of conceptual thought and thus renders them ineffable.

Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy, psychedelic methodologies, and the impregnable value of the subjective-a new and evolving approach.

Psychiatry is in a growth phase in which several psychedelic medicines have entered its arena with great promise. Of these, presently, ketamine is the only medicine that may be legally prescribed. We hypothesize that at subanesthetic doses, ketamine produces a unique spectrum of altered states, ranging from psychoactive to deep ego-dissolving experiences, that are intrinsic to ketamine's therapeutic effects. When these experiences are embedded in a therapeutic relationship-a setting-that fosters an amplification of the recipient's subjective consciousness, personal growth, inner healing, greater clarity, and better relationships may well ensue. While much of the literature on ketamine labels its dissociative effects as 'side effects', alteration of consciousness is a component and unavoidable 'effect' of its therapeutic impact. From its inception in the clinical trials of the 1960s, ketamine was recognized for producing dissociative, psychedelic effects on consciousness in subjects as they emerged from ketamine-induced anesthesia. Unanticipated and unintegrated, these experiences of 'emergence phenomena' were felt to be disturbing. Accordingly, such experiences have been typically labeled as dissociative side effects. However, in a conducive set and settings, these experiences have been demonstrated to be of positive use in psychiatry and psychotherapy, providing a time-out from usual states of mind to facilitate a reshaping of self-experience along with symptomatic relief. In this way, ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) offers a new potential in psychiatry and psychotherapy that is powerfully valanced toward recognizing experience, individuality, and imagination. Essential to a successful therapeutic experience and outcome with KAP is close attention to the subjective experience, its expression by the recipient and integration of the ketamine experience as a healing opportunity.

Abstract TMP111: Selective Activation of Peritoneal TRPV1-Containing Vagal Afferents Promotes Sustained Mild Hypothermia and Neuroprotection Following Stroke

Intro: Mild hypothermia has been clinically effective at improving outcomes in cardiac arrest patients for decades. Similarly, mild hypothermia has been shown to neuroprotective in experimental stroke models. Unfortunately, hypothermia protocols in awake subjects are hampered by inconsistent temperature management due to incomplete suppression of cold defense mechanisms (e.g. shiver response). To address a need for better strategies for cooling conscious subjects, we sought to promote mild hypothermia by pharmacological activation of heat-sensing nerve fibers in the thermoregulatory system. We hypothesize that selective activation of TRPV1-containing vagal afferents in the peritoneal cavity can promote sustained hypothermia and protection following stroke. Methods: Aged (18-20 mo) and young (11 weeks) C57BL6 mice of both sexes were given a capsinoid mixture consisting of capsiate and dihydrocapsiate. Mice from both the aged and young cohorts underwent permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (pdMCAO) or sham before recovering for 2hrs in warming cages to maintain normal body temperatures during post-stroke recovery. At 2 hours after stroke, mice were given capsinoids or vehicle (4 IP injections, 90 min interval) to produce 6 hours of mild hypothermia (or normothermic control). After 3 days brains were collected for histological analysis. Results: Capsinoids are particularly suited for region selective activation of TRPV1 targets, as they are degraded by ubiquitous esterases, and thus limited in biodistribution to distant targets. This regionally restricted activation was demonstrated through induction of mild hypothermia with IP capsinoid administration, but not with oral or subcutaneous delivery. We demonstrated that the hypothermic effect is TRPV1 dependent and that IP capsinoid delivery increases activity of the cervical vagus (hook electrode). We applied this capsinoid-mediated hypothermia approach to the pdMCAO model and demonstrated a significant reduction of brain infarct at 3 days post-stroke in both young and aged mice of both sexes. Conclusion: Selective activation of TRPV1-containing peritoneal vagal afferents is sufficient to promote sustained mild hypothermia and protection following ischemic stroke.

Reimagining Nature in Selected Hawaiian Literature: An Indigenous Ecological Perspective

This study analyzes four selected works of Hawaiian literature, focusing on the refiguration of nature, presenting it as an active and conscious subject. Contrary to Western anthropocentrism, which instrumentalized nature, Hawaiian literature underscores the profound interconnectedness shared between humanity and the more-than-human world. This distinctive environmental imagination permeates the narratives and rejects Western distinctions between the human and non-human realms by intertwining the supernatural and human agency. The reading of selected Hawaiian literature analyzes how nature is positioned as an active subject with its agency, not merely a passive, static setting. Personification in Hawaiian literature primarily focuses on female figures, Pele as the volcano goddess and various ancestral spirits known as ‘aumakua. This critique of anthropocentrism is deeply entrenched in Hawaiian cultural and spiritual traditions, where gods, goddesses, and ‘aumakua personify various elements and forces within the environment. This reimagining invites us to consider a different environmental imagination, recognizing the active agency of the non-human world. In conclusion, this study highlights how the Native Hawaiians ecological discourse seeks to reorient humanity’s relationship with the natural world.

Freud, Bergson, Levinas - Zur zeitlichen Struktur des Unbewussten

Human existence is essentially temporal. Our past, present, and future permeate each other and their mutual dynamic is crucial to the flourishing of our existence. Obviously, though, we are not fully in control of our own temporal realization. So, to understand the temporal conditions of the flourishing or failure of our existence, it is important to consider a level of experience beyond the ego of conscious self-control. I examine three approaches that differ in systematically interesting ways. (1) Freud thinks that the unconscious, which he understands as timeless, can interfere with the conscious subject’s ability to achieve satisfaction while negotiating reality. In contrast, (2) Bergson describes inner “duration” (in some ways analogous to Freud’s unconscious) as a becoming from which rationally calculated decisions can alienate the subject. Finally, (3) Levinas understands subjectivity to be constituted by “diachrony”, a process of losing or passing away the ego is incapable of recuperating, which for that very reason is able to liberate the subject from itself. I argue that each of these authors expresses something of great importance to our temporal existence and conclude by offering a way to integrate their insights.