Connective Tissue Of Lamina Propria Research Articles

THE IMPACT OF SMOKING ON THE MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STATE OF PERIODONTAL TISSUES OF YOUNG ORGANISM

Background. The interrelation of disorders in periodontal tissues with metabolic changes caused, in particular, by a violation of microcirculation, observed namely in smoking but the fact that the effect of smoking on the condition of periodontal tissues at a young age has been studied less than other risk factors deserves special attention. The aim of our study was to experimentally assess the effect of smoking on the morphofunctional state of periodontal tissues in young animals. Materials and methods. Simulation of smoking has been performed with ten-week-old WAG rats using the Boyarchuck chamber. Morphometric studies were performed in the gingival zone which was chosen for morphological interpretation of volumes of specific vascular density in microcirculatory bed, specific density of connective tissue in lamina propria and specific area of tissue with ischemia. The obtained digital data were processed by the methods of variation statistics. Results. Simulation of smoking for four weeks in experimental animals leads to pathological changes in the morphofunctional state of the periodontium with reducing vascular density from 19.44±1.97% to 11.03±1.38 %, increasing area of connective tissue from 18.33±2.71% to 26.49±1.24%, spreading area of tissue with ischemia from 1.14±0.70% to 6.35±1.67%. Conclusions. Morphofunctional changes in the periodontium with damage to the structure of the epithelial membrane and changes in its permeability, microcirculatory disorders, sclerotic changes are a manifestation of the initial inflammatory and dystrophic processes that can lead to persistent chronic pathology.

Histomorphological and Histochemical Studies on Esophagus in Gaddi Sheep (Ovis aries)

The present work was conducted to study the histoarchitecture and histochemical characteristics of esophagus in six adult Gaddi sheep. Lamina epithelialis consisted of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with four functional regions: stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum and stratum basale. In the stratum spinosum layer, the cell nuclei appeared polygonal whereas in the stratum corneum the cell nuclei were flattened and condensed. The stratum spinosum was the thicker layer and stratum granulosum was a thin layer that contained basophilic keratohyalin granules. Pyknotic cells were observed towards the luminal side of stratum corneum. Blood capillaries and lymphoid aggregations in the form of dark stained cells were present in the connective tissue of lamina propria. Connective tissue of lamina propria layer was denser than the same of the submucosa. The tunica muscularis consisted of striated muscle cells throughout the length of esophagus. Stratum corneum of the stratified epithelium of esophagus showed strong periodic acid-Schiff reaction indicating accumulation of glycogen whereas the cells of the basal layer lacked glycogen. The intercellular spaces in the upper layers of stratum spinosum of the epithelium contained acidic mucopolysaccharides as indicated by their reactivity to alcian blue stain.

Rediscovery of forgotten structures inside mucosa of uterine tubes ‐ lymphatic lacunae‐ and their possible role in reproduction.

Human uterine tubes are paired, muscular tubes of great mobility that measure about 12 cm in length. The uterine tube wall is composed of a mucosa, a muscular layer, and a serosa. Mucosa forms longitudinal mucosal folds and is lined with a simple columnar epithelium. In this poster presentation, we described in detail a neglected structure of uterine tubes, central lymphatic lacunae of mucosal folds and fimbriae. These lymphatic lacunae were first time described by German gynecologist Paul Kroemer in 1904. Dr. Kroemer, as a part of his habilitation, injected ink to visualize lymphatic spaces in the pregnant woman's ovarian tube, which he named as “Lymphbahnen”, that is “lymphatic channels”. In recent textbooks, we found only one note about these lymphatic lacunae inside fimbriae, and also we found no mention about these structures in Terminologia Histologica. The specimens from the uterine tubes were taken from 48 women (age from 21 to75, mean age 48.8 years) who underwent trans-abdominal or laparoscopic surgery - salpingectomy with or without hysterectomy. The study protocol was approved by the ethical committee of local hospital, and informed consent was obtained from all patients. Tissue samples from anatomically different parts of the uterine tubes (infundibulum with fimbriae, ampulla and isthmus) were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin, and 5 μm thick sections were used for hematoxylin and eosin staining and for immunohistochemistry. Primary antibodies were used to label and detect podoplanin D2–40, a relatively new and selective marker of lymphatic endothelia, and CD34 antigen, a universal marker of blood endothelial cells. For visualization of the histological sections by means of light microscopy, the LEICA DM2500 microscope was used. In the histological slides of uterine tubes, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, there are noticeable slits or gaps within the loose connective tissue of lamina propria of the mucosal folds. They are lined with one layer of squamous cells resembling endothelial cells and are devoid of content. These “empty spaces” are most prominent in fimbriae, but are still well recognized in mucosal folds of ampullary region. In the isthmus, they are least visible. They always run thru the central part of the fold, reminding with their histotopographical localization lacteals in the center of intestinal villi. Squamous endothelial cells that line these gaps in the connective tissue do not express CD34 antigen, what can be regarded as a proof, that they are not blood vessels nor blood sinusoids. However, they are positive on podoplanin (D2–40) – selective marker of lymphatic endothelial cells. As a result, we confirmed that in the center of every mucosal fold and in fimbriae of the uterine tubes are situated dilated lymphatic spaces, which are lined with simple layer of endothelial cells. As there is no mention on them in current Terminologia Histologica (2008), we propose the term “central lymphatic lacunae of tubal mucosal folds and fimbriae”. Remains a question, why these lacunae are only rarely (and unsatisfactory) described in the literature, as the visibility of these large spaces even with the routine hematoxylin and eosin staining is excellent. Many times, the structures we had been looking for, had been well seen on microphotographs, however, without any description. This confirms, that lymphatic lacunae are physiologically present in the mucosa of uterine tubes and that until now, they had been just neglected and overlooked. Ampullary region of human uterine tube in hematoxylin and eosin staining (lymphatic lacunae are visualised by red color) and visualisation of lymphatic endothelia with podoplanin-antibodies (and diaminobenzidine as brown chromogen) This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Microstructure Features of Proventriculus and Ultrastructure of the Gastric Gland Cells in Chinese Taihe Black-bone Silky Fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson).

To investigate microstructure of proventriculus and ultrastructure of the gastric gland cells from Chinese Taihe black-bone silky fowl (BSF), the proventriculus of 4-week-old BSF was sampled. Conventional histological and transmission electron microscope (TEM) methods were used in this study. The wall of the Taihe BSF proventriculus was consisted of four layers, the mucous, submucosa, muscularis externa and the serosa as others birds. The muscularis externa of the birds' proventriculus contained three layers. Much of the melanin was present in loose connective tissue of lamina propria, submucosa, and muscularis externa unlike others. In addition, the ultrastructure of the gastric gland cells was observed by TEM. There was only one kind of gland cell, for example oxynticopeptic cell in proventriculus of Taihe BSF. The oxynticopeptic cells contained numerous mitochondria, cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum (CRER), intracellular canaliculi (IC) that secrete hydrochloric acid and small amounts of pepsinogen granules. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) was irregular cisternae with ribosomes and surrounded tightly the mitochondria along their configuration. The electron-dense pepsinogen granules were round with various sizes. The neighbouring oxynticopeptic cells were closed up with tight junction and gap junction. The inter-space between the neighbouring oxynticopeptic cells was stenosis or was filled with electron-dense extracellular substance. In conclusion, the gastric gland cells of Chinese Taihe BSF proventriculus were only oxynticopeptic cells that secrete hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen, but no parietal cells and chief cells of mammal. The gastric gland cells of proventriculus were underdeveloped compared with those of mammals.

The Effect of Cochinchina momordica Seed Extract on Gastric Acid Secretion and Morphologic Change in Aged Rat Stomach

Background/AimsCochinchina momordica seed extract (SK-MS10) has a gastric protective effect. We aimed to assess the effect of SK-MS10 on gastric acid secretion with morphologic changes in the aged rat.MethodsAcid secretions were evaluated in the male F344 rats of four different ages (6-, 31-, 74-week, and 2-year). The 31-week-old rats were divided to three groups and continuously administered chow containing vehicle, SK-MS10 and lansoprazole, respectively. At the age of 74 weeks and 2 years, basal and stimulated acid was measured and the expression of mRNA and protein of H+-K+-ATPase were determined. The area of connective tissue of lamina propria was measured.ResultsBasal and stimulated gastric acid significantly decreased and connective tissue of lamina propria increased with age. The expression of mRNA and protein of H+-K+-ATPase significantly decreased with age. However, 74-week-old rats in the SK-MS10 group had higher stimulated gastric acid secretion than those in the vehicle and lansoprazole groups. In 2-year-old rats of SK-MS10 group, there was no increase of connective tissue.ConclusionsAs SK-MS10 kept the capacity of acid secretion as well as connective tissue area to comparable to young rats, it might valuable to perform further research regarding mechanism of SK-MS10 as an antiaging agent in the stomach.

Morphometric study of uninvolved rectal mucosa 10 cm and 20 cm away from the malignant tumor.

Recently, many details of the interplay between tumor cells and tumor-associated stromal elements leading to the progression of malignant disease were elucidated. In contrast, little is known about the role of uninvolved stromal tissue in the remote surrounding of the malignant tumor. Therefore, we performed a computer-aided morphometric study of rectal mucosa in samples taken 10 cm and 20 cm away from the malignant tumor during endoscopic examination of 23 patients older than 60 years. The samples of rectal mucosa from 10 healthy persons of corresponding age subjected to diagnostic rectoscopy during active screening for asymptomatic cancer were used as control. All structural elements of the rectal mucosa were studied and the number of nucleated cells in the lamina propria per 0.1 mm² of tissue was assessed. Our study revealed a reduced number of cells in the lamina propria of the rectal mucosa 10 cm and 20 cm away from the tumor lesion in both male and female patients. The decreased mucosal height and increased crypt number were registered in female patients 10 cm away from the tumor. The connective tissue of lamina propria showed a disorderly organization: the collagen fibers were frail, loosely arranged and signs of tissue edema were present. Small blood vessels and capillaries were much more frequently seen than in healthy tissue. Our results demonstrate the complex interactions between the cancer and remote mucosal tissue of the affected organ.

Electron Spin Resonance Spin Trapping Assay and Immunohistochemical Localization of Superoxide Dismutases in the Rat Nasal Mucosa

Lai M-T, Ohmichi T, Ogawa T, Nishizaki K, Masuda Y. Electron spin resonance spin trapping assay and immunohistochemical localization of superoxide dismutases in the rat nasal mucosa. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1997; 117: 437-446.The immunohistochemical method and electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping assay were employed to detect the localization and biochemical activity of superoxide dismutases (SODs) in the rat nasal mucosa. Manganese SOD and copper-zinc SOD were immunohistochemically illustrated to be richly expressed in the epithelial cells and the subepithelial glands of nasal mucosa. The olfactory vesicles also showed positive immunostaining for manganese SOD and copper-zinc SOD. ESR spin trapping assay revealed that SOD activity in the mucosa of olfactory areas was significantly higher than in the mucosa of respiratory areas; however, the ratio of SOD activity in the mitochondrial fraction to SOD activity in the cytosolic fraction was similar, approximating 17 : 83 in the mucosa of both the olfactory and respiratory areas. The predominant localization of SODs in epithelial cells of nasal mucosa suggests the importance of mucosal epithelium in protecting nasal mucosa against cytotoxic superoxide (O2-) radicals. Epithelial goblet cells and the connective tissue of lamina propria, which showed no positive immunostaining for SODs, are considered to be vulnerable to oxidative insults implicated in the generation of O2- radicals. The higher SODs activity in the mucosa of olfactory areas implies that there is a different requirement of SOD in mucosa of the respiratory and olfactory areas on scavenging microenvironmental O2-radicals.

Histochemical analysis of molluscan stomach and intestinal alkaline phosphatase: a sialoglycoprotein.

Though sialoprotein nature of alkaline phosphatase of certain mammalian organs has been suggested by biochemical investigations, no histochemical techniques have yet been applied to elucidate this concept. With this view, the alkaline phosphatase of stomach and intestine of a mollusc—Semperula maculata—was analysed histochemically to elucidate its sialoglycoprotein nature. The localisation of alkaline phosphatase and sialic acid was investigated by employing well known and standard histochemical techniques. Alkaline phosphatase was localised selectively in the brush border of the mucosa of stomach and intestine, it was Mg++ nonsensitive but showed a structure-linked sensitivity to phenylalanine. The sialomucins were selectively localised in the brush border, whereas the goblet cells contained both the sialomucins and sulfomucins, and the connective tissue of lamina propria contained sulfomucins. The localisation of alkaline phosphatase and sialomucins in the brush border uniquely coincided with each other. The alkaline phosphatase activity in the brush border was completely lost after neuraminidase treatment at 37.5° C for 16 h. Such effect of neuraminidase on alkaline phosphatase activity was pH dependent and controlled by velocity of reaction. Heat-inactivated neuraminidase showed no effect on alkaline phosphatase activity. These histochemical results have been interpreted as suggesting a sialoglycoprotein nature of alkaline phosphatase in the brush border, and sialic acid somehow seems to be essential for enzyme activity. These results, thus, indicate necessity of visualising some of the sialo-glycoproteins as macromolecules with catalytic activity.