Connective Tissue Layer Research Articles

Mechanical strength of the rotator cuff and cable interface: a complete histological and biomechanical study.

This study sought to evaluate the biomechanical properties of the interface between the rotator cuff and the semicircular humeral ligament or rotator cable (RCa) using histological and biomechanical techniques. Out of 13 eligible cadaver specimens, 5 cadaver shoulders with an intact rotator cuff were included, 8 were excluded due to an injured rotator cuff. The histological study enables us to describe the capsule-tendon interface between the infraspinatus tendon (IST) or supraspinatus tendon (SST) and RCa, and to detect loose connective tissue layers to determine their precise location and measure their length along the interface. The biomechanical study sought to characterize and compare the mechanical strength of the IST-RCa versus SST-RCa interfaces. The average thickness of the RCa was 1.44 ± 0.20mm. The histological study revealed a loose connective tissue layer at the IST-RCa interface, a finding not observed at the SST-RCa interface. The biomechanical study showed that the rigidity of the SST-RCa interface (72.10-2N/mm) was 4.5 times higher than for the IST-RCa interface (16.10-2 N/mm) and the average maximum forces reached were 19.0N and 10.6N for the SST-RCa and IST- RCa interfaces, respectively. The IST-RCa interface consists of a loose connective tissue layer contrary to the SST-RCa interface. In parallel, two different groups in terms of the mechanical response were identified: the IST-RCa interface group had less rigidity and ruptured more quickly than the SST-RCa interface, therefore emerging as the most vulnerable interface and explaining a potential extension of rotator cuff tears.

Omental Lipoma in a Slaughtered Lamb

Lipoma is a benign tumor of well-differentiated adipocytes that has been reported in some domestic animals. Omental lipomas in human and domestic animals are rare and reported as a case report. This study aimed to report an omental lipoma in a slaughtered sheep. In the observational examination of a sheep in a slaughterhouse in Tehran Province, Iran, and during the inspection of the abdominal area, a mass was seen on the greater omentum. The mass was sampled and placed in 10% formalin for histopathology. The mass was single, soft, dense, capsuled, oval, weighing 150 g, and 4.5×3.5 cm in size. Microscopic examination showed omental mass composed of uniform and mature lipocytes encased within a thick layer of immature connective tissue. The final diagnosis was primary benign lipoma. Lipoma can occur anywhere in the body where there are fat cells, and probably obesity and trauma are important risk factors for its occurrence. The size of the lipoma mass may help predict the age of the mass.

Advances and controversies in meningeal biology.

The dura, arachnoid and pia mater, as the constituent layers of the meninges, along with cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space and ventricles, are essential protectors of the brain and spinal cord. Complemented by immune cells, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves, these connective tissue layers have held many secrets that have only recently begun to be revealed. Each meningeal layer is now known to have molecularly distinct types of fibroblasts. Cerebrospinal fluid clearance through peripheral lymphatics and lymph nodes is well documented, but its routes and flow dynamics are debated. Advances made in meningeal immune functions are also debated. This Review considers the cellular and molecular structure and function of the dura, arachnoid and pia mater in the context of conventional views, recent progress, and what is uncertain or unknown. The hallmarks of meningeal pathophysiology are identified toward developing a more complete understanding of the meninges in health and disease.

Ciliated foregut cysts involving the hepatopancreaticobiliary system: a clinicopathological evaluation with focus on atypical features

AimsForegut cystic malformations are rare developmental abnormalities, which may involve the hepatopancreaticobiliary tract (HPBT). These cysts are composed of inner ciliated epithelium; subepithelial connective tissue layer; smooth muscle layer; and...

Partial agenesis of the pectoralis major and minor muscle: A cadaveric case report.

The pectoralis major and minor muscles, located in the anterior chest wall, are crucial for upper limb movements. Their nonsyndromic absence is rare but significant for surgical procedures involving the axillary and pectoral regions. Ultrasound can confirm the diagnosis and delimit the extent of the muscular abnormality, detect abnormalities of the costal cartilages, among others. This descriptive, cadaveric case report involves a formalin-fixed 57-year-old North American male, with no clinical or family history of similar conditions. The study was conducted at the Human Anatomy Laboratory of the School of Medicine of the Universidad Finis Terrae in Santiago, Chile, in August 2022. We present a cadaveric case of bilateral partial agenesis of the pectoralis muscles discovered during routine dissection. The pectoralis major muscle exhibited only the clavicular portion, with the sternocostal and abdominal portions absent and replaced by a thin layer of connective tissue bilaterally. The pectoralis minor muscle showed partial muscle fibers only in the most distal and inferior portions bilaterally. This case report is significant due to the rarity of this condition without accompanying anatomical variations. Understanding this variant is valuable for clinical situations involving the shoulder and thorax region, such as trauma to the proximal third of the humerus, clavicular region, suprascapular region, and anterior chest wall. It may complicate conservative and/or surgical treatments due to different functional and irrigation patterns in the area and is also important for educating future professionals.

Robotic right‐sided colon cancer surgery: Dissecting the outermost layer of the autonomic nerve along the superior mesenteric artery

AbstractIn right‐sided colon cancer surgery, lymph node dissection around the superior mesenteric artery is necessary but technically challenging. Here we introduce the concept of “outermost layer‐oriented robotic surgery” to improve the safety, efficacy, and reproducibility of superior mesenteric artery nodal dissection. In this procedure, the thin, loose connective tissue layer between the autonomic nerve sheath of the superior mesenteric artery and adipose tissue bearing lymph nodes, termed “the outermost layer of the autonomic nerve,” is dissected. The procedure exposes the outermost layer of the nerve plexus covering the surface of the superior mesenteric artery with a width of approximately 1 cm, enabling direct visualization of the anatomy of the main arteries and, if they exist, jejunal veins which cross the superior mesenteric artery ventrally. This allows for sufficient dissection of main lymph nodes at the roots of the ileocolic artery, right colic artery, and middle colic artery and minimizes the risk of unforeseen bleeding. Thirty‐nine patients underwent robotic right hemicolectomy with this procedure. No intraoperative complications were observed. The median number of dissected lymph nodes was 50, including 16 main lymph nodes. The median operative time was 284 min, blood loss was 50 mL, and the median postoperative hospital stay was 8 days. Postoperative complications included two cases of Clavien–Dindo classification grade II, with no cases of grade III or higher. Chylous leakage as well as intractable diarrhea were not observed in any case. These findings demonstrate that the procedure can achieve safe and reliable lymph node clearance.

Comparative Histological Study on Teat of Domestic Animals

The present study was executed at Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India during the period of July, 2020 to October, 2021 to find the possible differences in histology of teat among domestic animals. The study was conducted on teat of domestic animals i.e., 6 adult buffalo, 6 cattle, 15 sheep, 15 goats, 6 dogs and 6 pigs. The wall of the teat consisted of three layers in buffalo, cattle, sheep, goat and pig i.e., outer skin, middle muscular and inner connective tissue layer. But in dog only two layers were present i.e., outer skin and inner fibromuscular layer. Each teat consisted of single teat sinus in buffalo, cattle, sheep and goat, whereas in pig each teat showed two teat sinuses and eleven sinuses in dog. In buffalo and cattle, isolated clusters of glandular structures were seen between the smooth muscle fibers which were absent in sheep, pig and dog. Further, in sheep and goat, accessory glands were noted in the dermis and in middle layer. Sweat glands were noticed only in sheep and goat. In cattle and pig, hair follicles were not distinct and they were surrounded by numerous sebaceous glands. The number of collagen fibers in dermis of teat were more dense in cattle than other domestic animals. Elastic fibers were numerous in dog and moderate in the dermis of teat in buffalo, cattle, sheep and very few in goat.

The anatomy of mastication in a toothless mammal: Morphological characteristics of the temporomandibular joint in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)

AbstractThe temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a distinguishing feature of mammals, and in most mammals includes an articular disc that buffers the loads placed on it by mastication. The disc is well developed in mammals with significant lateral masticatory jaw movements but is absent in toothless mammals, including extant monotremes, although histological studies of developing monotremes have shown rudimentary discs that fail to mature. Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) grind their food between keratinous pads in the maxillae and lower jaws and are the only edentulate mammals that masticate their food. In this study, we characterize the anatomy of the TMJ of the adult platypus to see if we can reconcile the anatomy, including the absence of the articular disc, with the mandibular movements observed in video recordings. We studied the gross anatomy of the maxillofacial region and the microstructure using microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) and histological examination. Platypuses had well‐developed masticatory muscles but lacked an articular disc between the mandibular condyle and glenoid fossa. The surface of the glenoid fossa was slightly concave than that of the condylar head was correspondingly slightly convex. The pre‐ and postglenoid processes were not well developed. Micro‐CT showed dense trabecular bone in the anterior part of the condyle, where the lateral pterygoid muscle attached. Histological analysis showed that the surfaces of the condyle and glenoid fossa consisted of dense, avascular and thickened fibrous connective tissue. In addition, well‐developed synovial folds were present. These anatomical characteristics are consistent with both anterior and lateral movements of the mandible, while the thick layer of connective tissue substitutes for a disc by absorbing the mechanical stresses associated with mastication. The failure of the disc primordium to develop cannot be attributed to a lack of muscle development, but the distribution of stresses in the toothless platypus jaw is likely to be different from those in a masticating eutherian.

Morphological and Histological Description of Spiny Dogfishshark Liver, Squalusacanthais(Linnaeus,1758),Elasmobranchii,Squaliformes

The current study describes the morphological and histological appearance of the liver of the spiny dogfish Squalusacanthais, which is classified as Class: Chondrichthyes, Subclass: Elasmobranchi. Morphologically, the liver was observed as large, and consists of two symmetrical lobes connected from the upper side, and the gallbladder was observed in the right lobe. Histologically, liver sections were prepared with H&E stain, and examined with a light microscope. Hepatic parenchyma was surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue and primarily composed of hepatocytes. The nuclei of these cells were observed at the terminal site, with lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. Central veins were observed, surrounded by connective tissue and lined with a squamous epithelial layer. Hepatocytes were, separated by numerous blood sinusoids with connective tissue. Blood arteries were observed, surrounded by thick muscular fiber walls and narrow lumens compared to veins. The portal vein was observed, along with the artery and bile duct, surrounded by a thick connective tissue. The bile duct was surrounded by a layer of muscular fibers, lined with a simple columnar epithelial layer with clear nuclei, and a connective tissue layer. Melanin-containing cells were observed, but no hepatic lobules or connective tissue were seen between them. Additionally, Hepato-pancreatic tissue was not identified.

Histological Characteristics of Follicles, Reproductive Hormones and Transcriptomic Analysis of White King Pigeon Illuminated with Red Light.

Red light (RL) has been observed to enhance egg production in pigeons, yet the underlying histological characteristics and molecular mechanisms remain less understood. This study included fifty-four pigeons to assess follicular histology, reproductive hormones, and ovarian transcriptomics on the third day of the laying interval under RL and white light (WL). The results showed that the granulosa cell layer was significantly thicker under RL (p < 0.05), whereas the theca cell and connective tissue layers showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). Higher plasma estradiol (E2) levels were recorded in the RL group (p < 0.05), as well as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), although progesterone (P4) levels were higher under WL (p < 0.05). Moreover, P4 concentrations in follicle yolk significantly decreased under RL (p < 0.01), with higher FSH and E2 levels in F1 yolk and similar increases in SF1 yolk (p < 0.01). Transcriptomic analysis revealed 4991 differentially expressed genes in the pigeon ovary. The protein-protein interaction network highlighted genes like HSD11B1, VEGFD, WNT6, SMAD6, and LGR5 as potential contributors to hierarchical follicle selection under RL. This research provides new insights into the molecular basis by which RL may promote hierarchical follicle selection and improve egg production in pigeons.

HIF1 activation safeguards cortical bone formation against impaired oxidative phosphorylation.

Energy metabolism, through pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) and glycolysis, plays a pivotal role in cellular differentiation and function. Our study investigates the impact of OxPhos disruption in cortical bone development by deleting mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). TFAM controls OxPhos by regulating the transcription of mitochondrial genes. The cortical bone, constituting the long bones' rigid shell, is sheathed by the periosteum, a connective tissue layer populated with skeletal progenitors that spawn osteoblasts, the bone-forming cells. TFAM-deficient mice presented with thinner cortical bone, spontaneous midshaft fractures, and compromised periosteal cell bioenergetics, characterized by reduced ATP levels. Additionally, they exhibited an enlarged periosteal progenitor cell pool with impaired osteoblast differentiation. Increasing hypoxia-inducible factor 1a (HIF1) activity within periosteal cells substantially mitigated the detrimental effects induced by TFAM deletion. HIF1 is known to promote glycolysis in all cell types. Our findings underscore the indispensability of OxPhos for the proper accrual of cortical bone mass and indicate a compensatory mechanism between OxPhos and glycolysis in periosteal cells. The study opens new avenues for understanding the relationship between energy metabolism and skeletal health and suggests that modulating bioenergetic pathways may provide a therapeutic avenue for conditions characterized by bone fragility.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of CD117 in the Mast Cells of Odontogenic Keratocysts.

Odontogenic lesions contain mast cells (MCs), particularly those with a cystic appearance. Because of their high recurrence rates and aggressive clinical behaviour, odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) require special treatment. A particular kind of protein called cluster of differentiation (CD) 117/ receptor tyrosine kinase (c-KIT) is present on the surface of many cells. Most hematopoietic cells lose their expression of KIT during the differentiation process, with the exception of MCs, which continue to express KIT throughout their lifetime. Using the CD117 immunomarker, this immunohistochemical investigation sought to assess the presence and location of MCs in OKCs and examine the relationship between MC numbers in sporadic, syndromic, and recurrent OKCs. The study comprised 30 paraffin-embedded tissue specimens, and a histopathological diagnosis was made from hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections with a thickness of 4-5 µ. Out of 30 specimens, 21 were sporadic, six were recurrent OKCs, and three were syndrome-associated OKCs. CD-117/c-kit rabbit polyclonal primary antibody was used to stain the sections for observing MCs, which were then viewed under a light microscope with a digital camera and a desktop computer with MICAPS software for viewing images. To compare the number of MCs among OKCs, a one-way ANOVA test was used. Our study revealed that a statistically significant increase in MCs has been observed in the subepithelial and deep connective tissue of recurrent OKC (p < 0.05). However, a comparison of the mean MC value among three OKC subtypes did not reveal any statistically significant differences. An increased mast count was observed in the deep connective tissue layer of syndromic OKC under multiple comparisons. Our study concluded that MCs were present in increased numbers both in the superficial and deep connective tissue of recurrent OKCs, indicative of their aggressive clinical behaviour. Increased mean MC counts observed in some of the sporadic cases may be an indicator of their chances of recurrence in the future.

Ultrasound semiotics of solitary rectal ulcer

AIM: to develop ultrasound semiotics of solitary rectal ulcer (SRU).PATIENTS AND METHODS: fifty-eight patients with a histologically verified SRU were included in the retrospective study. All patients underwent colonoscopy and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). Changes in rectal wall detected by TRUS were compared with colonoscopy data.RESULTS: On TRUS SRU is represented by a significantly thickened rectal wall (median thickness of the rectal wall in the region of SRU is 9 (7–10) mm and 5 (4–6) mm outside, p &lt; 0.001), most often with a predominance of muscular and submucosal layers (46/58, 79%). The structure and echogenicity of these layers are changed: the connective tissue layer is visualized in muscular layer (51/58, 88%), submucosal layer is hypoechogenic (47/58, 81%), boundaries between rectal wall layers are faded (50/58, 86%). Ulcers in SRU are characterized by presence of areas where the mucous layer cannot be traced (sensitivity 100%, specificity 95%), its extent is comparable to extent of ulcers detected on colonoscopy (p = 0.528). Polypoid SRU is characterized by local thickening of the mucosa (sensitivity 89%, specificity 95%). TRUS location of the SRU in height (p = 0.644) is comparable with colonoscopy data.CONCLUSION: the study determined general ultrasound signs of SRU and made it possible to differentiate macroscopic forms of SRU from each other with TRUS.

Distribution of TRPC3 and TRPC6 in the human exocrine and endocrine pancreas

BackgroundExpression and function of TRPC3 and TRPC6 in the pancreas is a controversial topic. Investigation in human tissue is seldom. We aimed to provide here a detailed description of the distribution of TRPC3 and TRPC6 in the human exocrine and endocrine pancreas. MethodsWe collected healthy samples from cadavers (n = 4) and visceral surgery (n = 4) to investigate the respective expression profiles using immunohistochemical tracing with knockout-validated antibodies. ResultsTRPC3- and TRPC6-proteins were detected in different pancreatic structures including acinar cells, as well as epithelial ductal cells from intercalate, intralobular, and interlobular ducts. Respective connective tissue layers appeared unstained. Endocrine islets of Langerhans were clearly and homogenously immunolabeled by the anti-TRPC3 and anti-TRPC6 antibodies. Insular α, β, γ, and δ cells were conclusively stained, although no secure differentiation of cell types was performed. ConclusionsDue to aforementioned antibody specificity verification, protein expression in the immunolabeled localizations can be accepted. Our study in human tissue supports previous investigations especially with respect to acinar and insular α and β cells, while other localizations are here reported for the first time to express TRPC3 and TRPC6, ultimately warranting further research.

Use of Hydrosurgical Debridement System for Silicone Gel Removal after Breast Implant Rupture.

Breast implant rupture is one of the most common complications in aesthetic and reconstructive surgery. Furthermore, this problem is closely linked to capsular contracture. It is therefore crucially important to effectively and promptly remove silicone leakage from breast pockets. Several techniques are described in the literature and have been typically used for this procedure. Hydrosurgical debridement (HD), which is usually applied in wound care to treat wounds, could be useful for the removal of the silicone leaked from prosthesis pockets after breast implant rupture. An entire periprosthetic capsule that contained a ruptured implant with silicone leakage was removed from a left breast. Half of the capsule was treated with HD, whereas the other half was left untreated as a control. Samples were processed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy for morphological analyses. light microscopy demonstrated that the nontreated tissues had a typical synovial-like structure with a middle layer of connective tissue in which there were numerous rounded empty spaces which contained silicone. In contrast, the superficial connective region of the treated tissues (T) had fewer and flattened spaces where the silicone was detected. Scanning electron microscopic analysis showed that in the T samples, the capsule thickness was compact compared with that of the nontreated tissues. Furthermore, the fibrous components appeared well organized with few and smaller silicone lacunae. HD is useful for the removal of silicone (ex vivo) from capsular surfaces after implant rupture. Because of its safety characteristics, this technique could be successfully used in vivo.

Histomorphological Development Study of Cecum in Local Awassi Sheep Fetuses (Ovis Aris): Prenatal Periods

This study was conducted at Al-Qasim Green University/College of Veterinary Medicine, Anatomy and Histology Branch. The experiment was designed to study the cecum of Awassi sheep fetuses: prenatal periods. Samples (30 male and female samples) were collected from healthy females uterine and divided according to age groups into four groups by crown rump length formula (CRL) for the prenatal stage. In the first age group (50-55), the cecum was in the process of development, as it was not distinguished visually. In the second age group (70-75 days), it was a small protrusion located between the ileum and the beginning of the ascending colon. With advancing age, the third group, which includes two ages in the third trimester of pregnancy, we found that the cecum was completely formed in (100-105) days and at (130-140) days of gestation. Also, upon histological study, we found that the wall of the cecum consists of four layers, as in the rest of the parts of the digestive system, and is lined with an epithelial layer surrounded by a layer of connective tissue. It is supportive of the epithelial tissue. We also found tunica submucosa constantly devolving with age, as it is mesenchymal cells in the first stage of intrauterine life and begin to transform into connective tissue with the presence of fibers and collagen (tunica submucosa) as a result of these cells transforming into spindle cells to form the inner muscle layer, as well as tunica muscularis externa. The latter is surrounded by loose connective tissue that contains a few collagen and elastic fibers surrounded by mesothelial cells (tunica serosa) that contain blood vessels to support development in the inner layers.

A New Cell Type in Pulmonary Veins

Pulmonary veins (PVs) carry oxygenated blood from lungs back to the heart and may play an important role in preventing blood backflow from the left atrium. Previous studies show that large PVs exhibit spontaneously pulsatile contractions in cardiomyocyte-like manner. However, the contractions of small PVs have not been investigated. We hypothesized that Ca2+ signaling mechanisms in the myocytes mediate small PV contractions. Small, 4th-order PVs from C57BL6 mice were obtained and imaged. Pressurized PVs showed ryanodine receptor-dependent Ca2+ signals and spontaneous contractions. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy and immunostaining showed the expression of troponin C, a cardiomyocyte marker, in the myocyte layer of small PVs, which was not observed in the pulmonary arteries, vena cava, or mesenteric veins. Based on these results, we termed these cells cardiomyocyte-like (CML) cells. In the study of mice with Myh11 Cre-driven tdTomato expression, Myh11 expression was observed in CML cells in small PVs, which was not seen in the smooth muscle cells (SMC) of small PAs. Endothelial protrusions crossing the connective tissue layer into the CML layer were also observed in PVs. Previous studies showed PV remodeling in pulmonary hypertension (PH), and impaired Ca2+ signaling in PAs contribute to higher pulmonary arterial pressure in PH. We further hypothesized that ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca2+ signals in CML cells are impaired in PH. Results show that RyR Ca2+ signaling was reduced in CML cells of PH mice (injected with Su5416, subjected to chronic hypoxic conditions). Overall, our findings identify a new cell type in small PVs. Moreover, our data show that RyR Ca2+ signals in CML cells underlie spontaneous contractions in small PV, and are impaired in PH. We propose that RyR signaling mechanisms in CML cells may be possible targets for therapy in pulmonary vascular disorders. This work was supported by funding from the National Institute of Health to Swapnil Sonkusare (R01:HL146914, R01:HL157407). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Comparison of three methods for collecting interstitial fluid from subcutaneous tissue in mini pigs

Interstitial fluid, owing to its similarity to blood components and higher sensitivity and specificity, finds widespread application in disease diagnosis and tumor marker detection. However, collecting interstitial fluid, particularly from the deep subcutaneous connective tissue, remains challenging.•This study aimed to compare three different collection methods - push-pull perfusion, multi-filament nylon thread implantation, and tissue centrifugation - for collecting interstitial fluid from the subcutaneous connective tissue layer of mini-pigs. High-performance ion chromatography was employed to analyze the conventional cation components in the samples and compare ion composition analysis between the different methods.•Results indicated that while the distribution of conventional cations in the interstitial fluid collected by the three methods was generally consistent, there were slight variations in the detection rates and concentrations of different ions. Hence, suitable collection methods should be selected based on the ions or collection sites of interest.

In vivo validation of highly customized cranial Ti-6AL-4V ELI prostheses fabricated through incremental forming and superplastic forming: an ovine model study

Cranial reconstructions are essential for restoring both function and aesthetics in patients with craniofacial deformities or traumatic injuries. Titanium prostheses have gained popularity due to their biocompatibility, strength, and corrosion resistance. The use of Superplastic Forming (SPF) and Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) techniques to create titanium prostheses, specifically designed for cranial reconstructions was investigated in an ovine model through microtomographic and histomorphometric analyses. The results obtained from the explanted specimens revealed significant variations in bone volume, trabecular thickness, spacing, and number across different regions of interest (VOIs or ROIs). Those regions next to the center of the cranial defect exhibited the most immature bone, characterized by higher porosity, decreased trabecular thickness, and wider trabecular spacing. Dynamic histomorphometry demonstrated differences in the mineralizing surface to bone surface ratio (MS/BS) and mineral apposition rate (MAR) depending on the timing of fluorochrome administration. A layer of connective tissue separated the prosthesis and the bone tissue. Overall, the study provided validation for the use of cranial prostheses made using SPF and SPIF techniques, offering insights into the processes of bone formation and remodeling in the implanted ovine model.

Morphological Evaluation and Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Reparative Potential of the Buccal Fat Pad.

Background and Objectives: There are many surgical techniques for oroantral communication treatment, one of which is the buccal fat pad. Of particular interest is the high reparative potential of the buccal fat pad, which may be contributed to by the presence of mesenchymal stem cells. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the reparative potential of BFP cells using morphological and immunohistochemical examination. Materials and Methods: 30 BFP samples were provided by the Clinic of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery of the Russian University of Medicine (Moscow, Russia) from 28 patients. Morphological examination of 30 BFP samples was performed at the Institute of Clinical Morphology and Digital Pathology of Sechenov University. Hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome staining and immunohistochemical examination were performed to detect MSCs using primary antibodies CD133, CD44 and CD10. Results: During staining with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome, we detected adipocytes of white adipose tissue united into lobules separated by connective tissue layers, a large number of vessels of different calibers, as well as the general capsule of BFP. The thin connective tissue layers contained neurovascular bundles. Statistical processing of the results of the IHC examination of the samples using the Mann-Whitney criterion revealed that the total number of samples in which the expression of CD44, CD10 and CD133 antigens was confirmed was statistically significantly higher than the number of samples where the expression was not detected (p < 0.05). Conclusions: During the morphological study of the BFP samples, we revealed statistically significant signs of MSCs presence (p < 0.05), including in the brown fat tissue, which proves the high reparative potential of this type of tissue and can make the BFP a choice option among other autogenous donor materials when eliminating OAC and other surgical interventions in the maxillofacial region.