Conjunctival Kaposi's Sarcoma Research Articles

Conjunctival Kaposi's Sarcoma as an Initial Diagnosis of AIDS

Purpose: To report an interesting and rare case of conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma, which led to the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in a 25-year-old male. Methods: Interventional case report. A 25-year-old male presented with an asymptomatic red-violaceous lesion on his left eye for approximately 3 weeks. He had a history of tattooing 2 years ago, otherwise, his medical history was unremarkable. Results: HIV viral load of 451,958 copies/mL and 74 CD4+ cells were reported, confirming the diagnosis of HIV infection. An excisional biopsy was performed which reported neoplastic cells, vascular channels lined up with red blood cells, and highly mitotic cells, immunohistochemical reactions were carried out as well and were all positive for human herpesvirus-8, factor VIII, and CD31, confirming Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Conclusions: Nowadays KS is very rare. The clinical characteristics of the neoplasm, absence of remarkable medical history at the time of presentation, prompt diagnosis of AIDS, and rapid treatment make this an interesting and important case for all ophthalmologists to diagnose AIDS.

Successful treatment of conjunctival classic Kaposi's sarcoma with topical timolol

Successful treatment of conjunctival classic Kaposi's sarcoma with topical timolol

Conjunctival Kaposi’s sarcoma in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patient: a case report

Background: Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is malignant neoplasm of the vascular endothelium, caused by Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV 8). Clinical variants consist of classic KS, iatrogenic KS, and AIDS KS. The manifestation of KS in the eye may occur in the eyelids, the lacrimal sac or gland, the orbit and bulbar or palpebral conjunctiva. This case study aims to demonstrate the incidental finding of conjunctival Kaposi sarcoma (KS) leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) diagnosis.Case Presentation: A 34-years old male patient presented with a three-month history of progressively growing reddish mass in bulbar conjunctiva of the left eye. A mass with notable aggressive tumor characteristics heightened the suspicion for KS and comprehensive assessments were done accordingly. The patient was found to suffer from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS. Multistep approach treatment was commenced to treat AIDS-related KS and prevent recurrence in this case.Conclusion: Patients with undiagnosed HIV infection would benefit from early diagnosis initiated by AIDS-defining illnesses such as KS. Given early identification and comprehensive management, KS abridged the time to diagnosis of HIV infection.

Bilateral isolated conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient: A case report

Bilateral isolated conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient: A case report

Successful Treatment of Conjunctival Kaposi Sarcoma in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Negative Kidney Transplant Recipient: A Case Report

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common tumor in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and its frequency is increasing after organ transplantation in HIV-negative patients.A 28-year-old woman had preemptive kidney transplantation from her 48-year-old mother. In the postoperative ninth month, an exophytic mass was found in the upper medial conjunctiva of the right eye. The lesion was excised under local anesthesia, and cryotherapy was applied to the surgical area. The biopsy result was reported as KS. Treatment with tacrolimus was switched to everolimus (EVO), but EVO was discontinued because of pneumonitis. The patient was followed without any recurrences after the excision of the conjunctival lesion.No local or systemic recurrence was observed in the 14th month after surgical excision and local cryotherapy. Local treatment and the reduction of immunosuppressive therapy may be effective in the treatment of conjunctival KS.

Human immunodeficiency virus-associated giant conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma: Complete remission with antiretroviral therapy and systemic chemotherapy

Abstract Case report A 35-year-old male patient with a large unilateral hemorrhagic conjunctival tumor lesion and another contralateral hemorrhagic conjunctival flat lesion associated with violaceous cutaneous macules on the extremities and angiomatous lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract as initial clinical manifestation of HIV-related immunodeficiency. Cutaneous, gastric mucosal and conjunctival biopsy was consistent with Kaposi's sarcoma with complete remission after highly active antiretroviral therapy and systemic chemotherapy. Conclusion HIV-related conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma, even a large one, can have a good response to antiretroviral therapy and systemic chemotherapy without any additional topical eye treatment.

Sarcoma de Kaposi conjuntival gigante por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana: remisión total tras terapia antirretroviral y quimioterapia sistémica

Case reportA 35-year-old male patient with a large unilateral haemorrhagic conjunctival tumour lesion and another contralateral haemorrhagic conjunctival flat lesion associated with violaceous cutaneous macules on the extremities and angiomatous lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract as initial clinical manifestation of HIV-related immunodeficiency. Cutaneous, gastric mucosal and conjunctival biopsy was consistent with Kaposi's sarcoma with complete remission after highly active antiretroviral therapy and systemic chemotherapy. ConclusionHIV-related conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma, even a large one, can have a good response to antiretroviral therapy and systemic chemotherapy without any additional topical eye treatment.

Long-Term, Drug-Free Remission of Sympathetic Ophthalmia with High-Dose, Short-Term Chlorambucil Therapy

To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of short-term, high-dose chlorambucil therapy in achieving long-term, drug-free remission in the treatment of sympathetic ophthalmia (SO). Retrospective case series. Sixteen patients with SO treated with high-dose, short-term chlorambucil therapy between 1970 and 2010. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were used to characterize disease and outcomes. Months of disease-free remission, prevalence rate of relapse, and prevalence of serious treatment-related adverse events. Sixteen patients with SO treated with short-term, high-dose chlorambucil were identified. Patients were treated with chlorambucil for a median of 14.0 weeks (mean, 14.5 weeks; range, 12.0-19.0 weeks). Median follow-up was 98.5 months (mean, 139.1 months; range, 48-441 months) from initiation of chlorambucil therapy. Control of inflammation was achieved in 100% of patients. Thirteen patients (81.3%) maintained vision of 20/40 or better in the sympathizing eye. Four patients (25%) relapsed after a median of 83 months (mean, 131 months) after cessation of systemic therapy. Seventy-five percent of relapses were controlled with topical therapy only. Conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma developed in 1 patient. No patient demonstrated systemic malignancy. Short-term, high-dose chlorambucil therapy provides sustained periods of drug-free remission. With median follow-up of more than 8 years (mean, 11.6 years; range, 4-37 years), there was a low rate of recurrence and minimal long-term serious health consequences or adverse events. Because SO may be a lifelong condition and because chlorambucil therapy may offer long-term, drug-free remission, this treatment may be worth considering early in the decision-making process for severe sight-threatening disease.

AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma of the conjunctiva in a woman

Conjunctival involvement by AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is rare, more so in women. We present a case of a 34-year-old African-American woman with AIDS, who was admitted to our hospital and diagnosed with KS of the conjunctiva. To date there are only a few reported cases of AIDS-associated conjunctival KS in the literature. This case is the first case of AIDS-associated conjunctival KS in an African-American woman and emphasizes the importance of considering KS as a differential diagnosis of the conjunctival mass in HIV-positive patients.

Intralesional Mitomycin-C for the Treatment of Conjunctival Kaposi Sarcoma

A 38-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-positive man presented with a progressively enlarging pigmented lesion in the right inferior fornix of the eye. A biopsy was performed of this lesion, which revealed Kaposi sarcoma. Intralesional mitomycin-C was delivered to the lesion, resulting in complete resolution of the sarcoma. At 36 months of follow-up, there is no evidence of recurrence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of successful treatment of conjunctival Kaposi sarcoma with intralesional mitomycin-C.

Les complications oculaires au cours de l’infection par le VIH : expérience du pôle d’excellence Nord du Maroc

HIV infection is associated with a wide variety of ophthalmic manifestations. The objective of this study was to identify the ocular complications of HIV/AIDS in Morocco.A retrospective study conducted in the internal medicine department of the Rabat Teaching Hospital between 1998 and 2008. All HIV-positive patients were retained for the study. Each patient had an exhaustive ocular examination.Of 115 ophthalmologic examinations, 28 were abnormal. Twenty-seven patients had stage C HIV infection and one patient was in stage A. The ocular manifestations were: 21 cases of ocular HIV-related anomalies (microangiopathies), four cases of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, one case of toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis, one case of CMV retinitis associated with toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis, two cases of Cryptococcus neoformans infection, two cases of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) retinitis, and one case of conjunctival Kaposi sarcoma. The CD4 count average was of 86±91/mm(3). Twenty-six patients had a CD4 count lower than 200/mm(3). Progression was favorable in 85 % of the cases, with three cases of blindness: bilateral in a case of VZV retinitis and unilateral in two cases of CMV retinitis and toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis.CMV infection is the main ocular opportunistic infection in our series. However, Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) may be the cause for the decline in the prevalence of ocular diseases and visual impairment in HIV/AIDS.

Regression of conjunctival tumor during dietary treatment of celiac disease

A 3-year-old girl presented with a hemorrhagic conjunctival lesion in the right eye. The medical history revealed premature cessation of breast feeding, intolerance to the ingestion of baby foods, anorexia, and abdominal distention. Prior to her referral, endoscopic small intestinal biopsy had been carried out under general anesthesia with a possible diagnosis of Celiac Disease (CD). Her parents did not want their child to undergo general anesthesia for the second time for the excisional biopsy. We decided to follow the patient until all systemic investigations were concluded. In evaluation, the case was diagnosed with CD and the conjunctival tumor showed complete regression during gluten-free dietary treatment. The clinical fleshy appearance of the lesion with spider-like vascular extensions and subconjunctival hemorrhagic spots, possible association with an acquired immune system dysfunction due to CD, and spontaneous regression by a gluten-free diet led us to make a presumed diagnosis of conjunctival Kaposi sarcoma.

Intralesional Interferon Alpha-2b Therapy for Adnexal Kaposi Sarcoma

To describe a case of adnexal Kaposi's sarcoma successfully treated with intralesional interferon alpha 2b injections. Case Report. A 31 year old black Haitian male presents with severe nodular induration and erythema of both eyelids with hemorrhagic infiltration of the bulbar and palpebral conjunctivae, advanced on the right. Clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical examination yielded the diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with AIDS, started on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) and systemic doxorubicin, and initially received topical 3 million IU per mL of interferon alpha-2b eyedrops (Intron-A(R), Schering Corporation, Kenilworth, NJ) every 6 hours to the right eye for 9 weeks. This systemic therapy resulted in minimal clinical response with a CD4 count increase from 12 to 61 cells per microliter. Progressive entropion and corneal compromise on the right prompted a trial of intralesional injections of interferon alpha-2b. Over a 4 week period, 3 injections (3 million IU in 0.5mL, 1.5 million IU in 0.5mL, and 1.5 million IU in 0.5mL) were given. This resulted in a dramatic reduction in tumor burden and lid edema, an improvement in lid position, and corneal healing. Ocular adnexal and conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma was successfully treated with 3 adjuvant intralesional interferon alpha-2b injections leading to a dramatic decrease in tumor mass.

Resolution of conjunctival Kaposi sarcoma after institution of highly active antiretroviral therapy alone

We present a case of conjunctival Kaposi sarcoma that resolved after treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy alone. A 53-year-old man from Ghana was diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus in...

Conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma in a nonimmunocompromised patient

Case report: We report a case of conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in a nonimmunocompromised patient. The resected tumour recurred locally. No additional lesion was seen 20 months after the second surgery.Comments: Before onset of AIDS, few reports described primary conjunctival KS, although it has been described in other immunocompromised disease stages, i.e. systemic KS.

Conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma in a nonimmunocompromised patient

Conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma in a nonimmunocompromised patient

Human Herpesvirus-8 in Kaposi's Sarcoma of the Conjunctiva in a Patient with AIDS

To demonstrate human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) of the conjunctiva in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Clinical observation, pathologic findings of conjunctival specimens, immunohistochemical staining for HHV-8-specific antigen, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of HHV-8 DNA, and detection of specific antibody in patient's serum at appropriate times. In the conjunctival specimen, swollen endothelial-like cells were found with slit-like vessels. CD 31-positive cells were noted on the inner surface of the slit-like vessels, and HHV-8 latency-associated nuclear antigen was detected. The presence of HHV-8 DNA was demonstrated by PCR. Anti-HHV-8 antibody was found in the patient's serum. This is the first case report in the ophthalmology literature that provides histological, DNA, and serological evidence that HHV-8 is involved in the pathogenesis of conjunctival KS.

Trasplante de membrana amniótica tras resección quirúrgica en sarcoma de Kaposi conjuntival

To describe a case of isolated conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma treated with surgical resection and amniotic membrane graft. After surgical resection of the lesion an amniotic membrane graft was used to reconstruct the conjunctival surface. Histological studies were performed. Rapid regeneration of the conjunctiva, with minimal scarring, occurred after the surgical procedure and no recurrence of the lesion was observed at 18 months of follow-up. Surgical resection with amniotic membrane grafting appears to be a useful therapeutic option in isolated conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma.

Conjunctival Kaposi Sarcoma as the Initial Presentation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

A 34-year-old man presented to the ophthalmology clinic because of an enlarging mass of the left bulbar conjunctiva, found to be Kaposi sarcoma by histologic examination. The patient had no prior diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection, making this one of only two descriptions in the literature of conjunctival Kaposi sarcoma as the initial presentation of human immunodeficiency virus infection. With surgical resection and highly active antiretroviral therapy, the prognosis is good.

Ocular Complications in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Seen at the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Clinical Center

To examine the ocular complications in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) in Japan. The medical records of 322 patients seen at the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) Clinical Center from July 1, 1997 through December 31, 1998 were reviewed, and the HIV-associated ocular complications were correlated with serum CD 4+ T-lymphocyte counts. Ocular complications were found in 51 patients: 35 cases with retinal microvasculopathy, 17 cases with cytomegalovirus retinitis(9 quiescent, 6 active, and 2 recurrent), and 1 case each with tuberculous uveitis, phthisis bulbi after necrotizing herpetic retinopathy, conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma, papilledema, divergence palsy, hemianopia, and abducens palsy. Retinal microvasculopathy was present in patients with CD 4+ T-lymphocyte counts above 500/mm3, but was more common in patients with cell counts below 200/mm3. Among 6 patients with active cytomegalovirus retinitis, 5 patients had a CD 4+ T-lymphocyte count below 50/mm3 at the onset of retinitis, while one patient developed retinitis after the cell count increased to over 200/mm3 with highly active antiretroviral therapy. Cytomegalovirus retinopathy may occur in patients with a CD 4+ T-lymphocyte count of more than 200/mm3.