Congruence Of Perceptions Research Articles

Discrepant Perceptions of Biopsychosocial and Active Care Recommendations Between Doctors of Chiropractic and Midlife and Older Adult Patients: A Descriptive Survey

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess perceptions about the inclusion of biopsychosocial and active care recommendations during chiropractic clinical encounters between doctors of chiropractic (DCs) and their midlife and older adult patients and to identify whether there were any discrepancies between their recollections. MethodsThis descriptive cross-sectional survey was part of a mixed-methods research project designed to gather information about the role of electronic health interventions for midlife and older adults who use chiropractic care. For this study, a convenience sample of 29 DCs and 48 chiropractic patients aged 50 years and older from 2 metropolitan areas in the United States completed online surveys between December 2020 and May 2021. The survey matched questions about components of chiropractic care discussed by patients and providers over 12 months. We used descriptive statistics to explore congruence in perceptions between groups and qualitative content analysis to describe DC perceptions of working with this population. ResultsDoctors of chiropractic and patients agreed (>90%) that pain management was the top reason midlife and older adults seek chiropractic care, yet differed in their prioritization of maintenance/wellness care, physical function/rehabilitation, and injury treatment as care drivers. While DCs reported frequent discussions about psychosocial recommendations, fewer patients reported talking about treatment goals (51%), self-care (43%), stress reduction (33%), or the impact of psychosocial factors (23%) and beliefs/attitudes (33%) on spinal health. Patients reported varied recollections about discussing activity limitations (2%) and exercise promotion (68%), being taught exercises (48%), or reassessing exercise progress (29%), which differed from higher levels reported by DCs. Qualitative themes from DCs included psychosocial considerations in patient education, importance of exercise/movement, role of chiropractic in lifestyle changes, and reimbursement limitations for older patients. ConclusionDoctors of chiropractic and their patients reported discrepant perceptions about biopsychosocial and active care recommendations during clinical encounters. Patients reported modest emphasis on exercise promotion and limited discussion on self-care, stress reduction, and psychosocial factors related to spine health compared to the recollections of DCs who reported frequent discussions of these topics.

MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS FOR ROBOTIC PROCESS AUTOMATION IMPLEMENTATIONS IN DIGITAL INDUSTRIES

Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is gaining popularity among digital industries as a means of light interconnection among information systems as well as an efficient and effective way of business processes execution when explicit knowledge is modelled into the tasks of a business process and humans offer little value in performing manual work for them. Apart from the obvious technological issues, management considerations are equally important for RPA implementation. This research aims at revealing best practices and recommendations for management considerations in RPA implementations by performing an industry experts’ survey with questionnaires covering six main areas of management concern: (a) strategy, (b) staffing, (c) financial issues, (d) organization of work and tools, (e) design and (f) production. The answers of the respondents are grouped in terms of mean values and deviation to demonstrate congruence of perceptions and some of them are commented against existing research literature findings.

All by myself: How perceiving organizational constraints when others do not hampers work engagement

Organizational constraints (OCs) represent work conditions that interfere with employees’ performance. Although employees share the same work environment, perceptions of OCs may vary among team members. In this study, we examined employee–teammate perceptual congruence and incongruence regarding three types of OCs (i.e., social, structural, and infrastructure) and the associated consequences for employee work engagement among health care employees from two Spanish hospitals (N = 141). Multilevel polynomial regression with response surface analyses revealed that the perceptual congruence and incongruence effects depended on the type of OCs. Congruence in perceptions was linked with greater work engagement only for social OCs. Incongruence had an effect in cases of social and structural OCs, but not infrastructure OCs: work engagement was worse when an employee rated OCs as higher (i.e., more problematic) than their teammates did. Our findings suggest that the negative effects of OCs are additionally exacerbated by perceptual incongruence with teammates and indicate the need to include social contexts in the study of work environment perceptions.

(In)Congruent Parent–Child Reports of Parental Behaviors and Later Child Outcomes

This study evaluated hypothesized relations of (in)congruent parent–child perceptions of parental warmth and hostility at age 7 with changes in child and parent reports of children’s depressive symptoms and rule-breaking behaviors from ages 7 to 10. Dyads consisted of 193 parents (93.3% biological mothers) and children (49.2% female; 46.1% Latinx) drawn from a longitudinal study of child development. Child and parent reports of parental warmth and hostility were collected using parallel measures at age 7. Child and parent reports of child depressive symptoms and rule-breaking behaviors were collected at ages 7 and 10. After controlling for children’s prior symptomatology and individual informant effects, polynomial regression analyses revealed a significant relation between (in)congruent perceptions of parental warmth and child-reported depressive symptoms. Specifically, congruent perceptions of high parental warmth at age 7 predicted decreased levels of child-reported depressive symptoms from ages 7 to 10, whereas congruent perceptions of low parental warmth predicted increased levels of child-reported depressive symptoms, especially among daughters. (In)congruent perceptions of parental hostility were related to child-reported rule-breaking behaviors. Specifically, congruent perceptions of high parental hostility predicted increased rates of child-reported rule-breaking behaviors, whereas incongruent perceptions of high parent-reported and low child-reported parental hostility predicted decreased rates of child-reported rule-breaking behaviors, especially among sons. This study documented the adaptive significance of parent–child (in)congruence in perceptions of parenting across middle childhood and revealed the potential specificity of relations by domain of adaptation and/or gender, thereby suggesting important implications for risk identification and treatment.

Congruence of perceptions between bank managers and subordinates about leadership style and performance in Pakistan

The purpose of this study was to examine the congruence between managers’ (self) and subordinates’ perceptions about their leadership styles and its impact on performance outcomes. Leadership styles (independent variables) included transformational leadership, transactional leadership and laissez-faire leadership. The outcomes (dependent variables) consisted of effectiveness, extra effort, and satisfaction. The data were collected from 65 banks (65 managers and 225 subordinates) using MLQ 360 (5 X Short) by Bass and Avolio. The managers responded about their self-perceived leadership styles and its relationship with performance outcomes. The subordinates responded about their perceptions of managers’ leadership styles and its impact on their performance outcomes. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (ANOVA) and inferential statistics (regression analysis). The results indicated significant differences between managers’ (self) and subordinates’ perceptions about their leadership styles at dimension level. In addition, a significant difference was found between managers and subordinates about the impact of transformational leadership style and laissez-faire leadership style on different outcomes. Certain implications of the study and limitations are also discussed.

The prevalence of perceptions of mismatch between treatment intensity and achievable goals of care in the intensive care unit: a cross-sectional study

To describe the prevalence of perceptions of patients receiving a mismatch in treatment intensity, as perceived by intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare providers, and to assess the congruence of perceptions between providers. In this cross-sectional, observational study conducted in 21 ICUs in Australia and New Zealand, patient prevalence data was linked to an ICU staff survey to describe the extent to which patient treatment intensity was matched to the perceived prognosis and patient wishes. Of the 307 study patients, 62 (20.2%) were reported to be receiving a mismatch in treatment intensity by at least one ICU healthcare professional. For reported mismatch, there was consensus amongst staff members for 52/62 (84%) of patients. Patients were significantly more likely to receive mismatched treatments if they were more severely unwell (APACHE II score > 20 vs. ≤ 20), odds ratio OR 2.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.63-3.37, p < 0.0001, if they were an emergency admission (OR 3.05, CI 1.18-7.89, p = 0.0212) or if they had an advance care directive (OR 3.68, 95% CI 1.66-8.16, p = 0.0013). Being more severely unwell, being an emergency admission or having an advance care directive made patients more likely to be perceived as having a mismatch between the intensity of treatments provided and either the achievable goals of care, expected prognosis or patient's wishes.

360 Degrees of Facial Perception: Congruence in Perception of Frontal Portrait, Profile, and Rotation Photographs.

Studies in social perception traditionally use as stimuli frontal portrait photographs. It turns out, however, that 2D frontal depiction may not fully capture the entire morphological diversity of facial features. Recently, 3D images started to become increasingly popular, but whether their perception differs from the perception of 2D has not been systematically studied as yet. Here we investigated congruence in the perception of portrait, left profile, and 360° rotation photographs. The photographs were obtained from 45 male athletes under standardized conditions. In two separate studies, each set of images was rated for formidability (portraits by 62, profiles by 60, and 360° rotations by 94 raters) and attractiveness (portraits by 195, profiles by 176, and 360° rotations by 150 raters) on a 7-point scale. The ratings of the stimuli types were highly intercorrelated (for formidability all rs > 0.8, for attractiveness all rs > 0.7). Moreover, we found no differences in the mean ratings between the three types of stimuli, neither in formidability, nor in attractiveness. Overall, our results clearly suggest that different facial views convey highly overlapping information about structural facial elements of an individual. They lead to congruent assessments of formidability and attractiveness, and a single angle view seems sufficient for face perception research.

A triadic approach to health and dependence in aging adults: incongruence in perception.

Taking charge of dependent people is a major challenge. Numerous studies focus on the congruence of the dyadic perceptions of the actors. This study looks into the congruence of perceptions concerning dependence (i.e., physical and mental losses that prevent carrying out everyday tasks) and pathologies affecting older people within the triad: the aged person living at home, the informal caregiver, and the in-home professional caregiver. A face-to-face questionnaire examining dependence and pathologies was administered separately to the three actors of 58 triads. This database has been analyzed mainly with techniques of data mining (MCA and AHC). The perception of pathologies and dependence are perceivably different depending on the actors. Within a same triad, perceptions of these two points-taken together or individually-turn out to be very dispersed. We bring to light three factors that structure 94% (with Benzécri's correction) of the congruence in perception within triads, and we propose a typology in four clusters of triads on this theme. The congruence analyses of the triads showed that incongruence in cross-perceptions of older people, formal, and informal caregivers on pathologies and dependence is clearly structured. Four quite distinct clusters have emerged, which could be exploited in the framework of public policies on the management of dependency in the home setting, to effectively alleviate the incongruence in the triads.

Husbands&amp;rsquo; perceptions of their wives&amp;rsquo; breast cancer coping efficacy: testing congruence models of adjustment

IntroductionRecent reviews have reinforced the notion that having a supportive spouse can help with the process of coping with and adjusting to cancer. Congruence between spouses’ perspectives has been proposed as one mechanism in that process, yet alternative models of congruence have not been examined closely. This study assessed alternative models of congruence in perceptions of coping and their mediating effects on adjustment to breast cancer.MethodsSeventy-two women in treatment for breast cancer and their husbands completed measures of marital adjustment, self-efficacy for coping, and adjustment to cancer. Karnofsky Performance Status was obtained from medical records. Wives completed a measure of self-efficacy for coping (wives’ ratings of self-efficacy for coping [WSEC]) and husbands completed a measure of self-efficacy for coping (husbands’ ratings of wives’ self-efficacy for coping [HSEC]) based on their perceptions of their wives’ coping efficacy.ResultsInterestingly, the correlation between WSEC and HSEC was only 0.207; thus, they are relatively independent perspectives. The following three models were tested to determine the nature of the relationship between WSEC and HSEC: discrepancy model (WSEC − HSEC), additive model (WSEC + HSEC), and multiplicative model (WSEC × HSEC). The discrepancy model was not related to wives’ adjustment; however, the additive (B=0.205, P<0.001) and multiplicative (B=0.001, P<0.001) models were significantly related to wives’ adjustment. Also, the additive model mediated the relationship between performance status and adjustment.DiscussionHusbands’ perception of their wives’ coping efficacy contributed marginally to their wives’ adjustment, and the combination of WSEC and HSEC mediated the relationship between functional status and wives’ adjustment, thus positively impacting wives’ adjustment to cancer. Future research is needed to determine the quality of the differences between HSEC and WSEC in order to develop interventions to optimize the impact of these two relatively independent perspectives on cancer outcomes.

The Stress and Coping Context of Type 1 Diabetes Management Among Latino and Non-Latino White Early Adolescents and Their Mothers.

Examine ethnic differences in diabetes-related stress and coping among adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their mothers. Early adolescents with type 1 diabetes ( N = 118, ages 10-15 years; 54% female; 47% Latino and 53% non-Latino White) and mothers described the adolescent's diabetes-related stressors and coping strategies, and rated stressor severity and controllability and coping competence. Surveys measured adherence; glycemic control (HbA1c) was indexed from medical records. Few ethnic differences in stress and coping emerged among adolescents. However, Latina mothers reported fewer diabetes-related stressors, had lower congruence with their adolescent on reports of diabetes-related stress, and appraised their adolescent as less competent in coping than non-Latino Whites. Lower dyadic stressor congruence and lower appraisals of coping competence were associated with poorer HbA1c. Mother-adolescent congruence in perceptions of diabetes stress, and appraisals of early adolescents' coping, may be important for understanding diabetes management in ethnically diverse samples.

The couple’s congruence of child’s illness perception and the quality of marital relationship

This study aims to test whether a couple’s congruence regarding the perception of their child’s illness has an influence on the quality of a marital relationship. This research involved 106 parents of children with autism. The results show a significant effect of the couple’s congruence of the perception of their child’s illness on couple satisfaction F (2.103) = 3.61, p = .03, parental stress F (2.103) = 17.89, p &lt;.001, dyadic coping F (2.103) = 9.23, p &lt;.001 and family resilience, F (2.103) = 10.43, p &lt;.001. The findings indicate a decreasing trend of couple satisfaction, family resilience and dyadic coping as well as an increasing trend of parental stress when the couple’s congruence of illness perception increases.Â

Women’s agency in household economic decision making in Kenya

The misalignment between economic strengthening opportunities and women’s agency is especially salient given the connection between women’s economic empowerment and household well-being. Using Kenya Demographic Health Survey 2014 data, we examine married women’s agency in household economic decision making. Women who are less likely to characterize abusive patterns of behavior as problematic and women reporting emotional abuse are less likely to report economic autonomy in the household. Furthermore, data indicate little congruence in perceptions of wife’s household economic autonomy between couples. These findings point to the need to understand the interplay among structural factors, gender, marital status, and the financial well-being of married persons.

Parent and Adolescent Perceptions of Adolescent Career Development Tasks and Vocational Identity

We surveyed Australian adolescents and parents to test differences and congruence in perceptions of adolescent career development tasks (career planning, exploration, certainty, and world-of-work knowledge) and vocational identity. We found that, for adolescents ( N = 415), career development tasks (not career exploration) explained 48% of the variance in vocational identity; for parents ( N = 415), this was 38% (not world-of-work knowledge). Parent perceptions of career development tasks did not explain additional variance in adolescent vocational identity. There were moderate correlations between adolescent and parent perceptions of career development tasks and vocational identity, suggesting meaningful, but not substantial, congruence of perceptions. The findings provide useful insights into the understanding of, and relationship between, parent and adolescent perceptions of adolescent career development tasks and vocational identity, which suggest avenues for interventions with adolescents and parents.

Predicting the gap: perceptual congruence between American principals and their teachers’ ratings of leadership effectiveness

The aim of this study is to determine the extent to which principals’ self-ratings of leadership effectiveness coincide with their teachers’ perceptions of their leadership effectiveness. Furthermore, we explore several characteristics of teachers and principals in an attempt to identify the factors that may predict congruence in perceptions of leadership. This study draws from survey data of 76 principals and over 2100 teachers who completed parallel forms of a 72-item Learning-Centered Leadership survey (VAL-ED©) in the USA. Teacher and principal characteristics are incorporated into a multivariate regression analysis. Although there is zero difference in the overall sample, teachers and principals within any given school seldom share the same perspective. Principals’ self-efficacy was a strong predictor of principals rating themselves higher than the teachers. Interestingly, the more time a teacher spent with a principal, the less congruence they shared. This research has identified rather large disparities in perceptions of leadership between teachers and their principals. Such a gap suggests that teachers have information and perspectives on school leadership distinct from the principals’ information and perspectives. This research provides evidence that structured teacher feedback may provide a useful avenue for principals seeking additional perspectives on their leadership effectiveness.

Whose illness is it anyway? On facing illness as a couple

This article explores current trends in research and clinical practice regarding life‐limiting illness and couple relationships; focusing on intimacy, gender, coping strategies and congruence in perceptions. A case example is used to illustrate how systemic ideas and techniques can help couples address the challenges they face and rethink what they want and need from each other.Practitioner points In all clinical work it is important to bear witness to partners' shared and different experiences. It is also important to reflect on resonances with one's own experiences of loss and illness. Where couples are struggling, systemic techniques offer a way of increasing relational awareness, authenticity and mutuality.

Feedback Provision in Mentoring Conversation - Differing Mentor and Student Perceptions

Diverging perceptions between a mentor and a mentee on the nature and content of feedback given in mentoring conversations may have a profound impact on the mentee’s learning from conversation. This study gauges whether approaches to mentoring relate to establishing congruency in perceptions on provided feedback. The aim of this research is to study differences in mentor and student perceptions of feedback provided during mentoring sessions. For that purpose, this study compares typical mentoring approaches across different settings. Sixty eight students (37 Teaching Assistant (TA) students in secondary vocational education and 31 Teacher Education (TE) students in Higher Education) and their mentors participated in this study. Mentoring conversations on teaching internships of these students were analyzed. A questionnaire instrument was used to gauge 1) acceptance of feedback from mentoring as well as 2) following recommendations after feedback provision. Approaches to mentors’ conversation styles were identified with an observation instrument categorizing mentoring into four types. TA students predominantly recognized their mentor’ s approach as having a Imperator (supervising) style, while the TE students identified it as an Initiator (engaging style). As a result, TA students expressed a higher degree of acceptance of feedback, as compared to TE students. Differences in perception between students and their mentors on feedback provision were found to be significant. Our findings point to the importance of mentoring approach as it impinges on the feedback acceptance in mentoring conversations.

Percepcija prostornog obuhvata Sredozemlja u Hrvatskoj

Iako se Sredozemlje smatra jednom od najstarijih prostornih cjelina u svijetu, njegove su granice još uvijek predmet istraživanja i rasprava. Ovaj rad nastoji pridonijeti definiranju Sredozemlja ili Mediterana kroz ispitivanje percepcije njegova prostornog obuhvata u Hrvatskoj i povezanosti s fizičkim i sociokulturnim obilježjima prostora. Istraživanje je provedeno metodom kognitivnih karata na uzorku od dvjesto ispitanika. Kao rezultat dobivena je široka granična zona koja razdvaja tzv. ''pravo'' Sredozemlje od područja koja nisu dijelovi Sredozemlja. Ta zona u određenoj mjeri ima svojstva neizrazitog skupa (engl. fuzzy set) koji predstavlja postupni prijelaz između polova pripadnosti određenom skupu. Rezultati istraživanja na ispitanicima pokazali su da je najveća podudarnost percipiranih granica Sredozemlja s dinarskim smjerom pružanja reljefa (sjeverozapad-jugoistok), osim u Istri, te s obalnom crtom u čitavom hrvatskom primorju. Rezultati također pokazuju da su pri odabiru percipirane granice Sredozemlja čimbenici prirodne sredine važniji od sociokulturnih.

Family experience with eating disorders scale: a systematic way to engage the family in treatment.

The purpose of this study was to measure congruence in perceptions of family dynamics in eating-disordered adolescents and their parents. A pilot sample of 35 matched parent-child dyads completed either the Parent Version or the newly modified Client Version of the Family Experience with Eating Disorders Scale (FEEDS). Differences between parent and child perceptions on subscale totals were not demonstrated, but statistically significant differences on select items were shown. The FEEDS offers a systematic way to explore differences and commonalities in perception among family members and to engage the family in treatment.

Exploration of congruence in perceptions of buyer–supplier attraction: A dyadic multiple case study

In long-term complex buyer–supplier relationships, many exchanges are non-contractual, a factor that emphasizes the social dimension of the relationship. Previous studies have shown that attraction is a fundamental aspect of the social dimension and a main driver in non-contractual exchanges. Although attraction is a determinant of a relationship, many studies have examined the relationship only from the buyer's or supplier's perspective. Our study extends this research stream by considering the dyadic aspect of attraction and poses the following questions: Does the success of a relationship require that both parties perceive it to be attractive? How important is it to understand how the company looks in the eyes of the other party? In this paper, we explore the dyadic aspect of buyer–supplier attraction by analyzing six cases, two buyer firms and six supplier firms and by conducting a total of 43 interviews. By using cross-case analyses, we develop a set of proposals for explaining how congruence in perceptions of attraction affects relationship success.

Congruence of Perceptions Among Nursing Leaders and Staff Regarding Missed Nursing Care and Teamwork

The objective of this study was to test the congruence of the perceptions of unit-based nurse leaders (managers, advanced practice nurses) and nursing staff members (registered nurses, nursing assistants, unit secretaries) in acute care hospitals as to the extent and type of missed nursing care and nursing teamwork. Based on the leader-member exchange congruence framework (LMX), nursing staff and nursing leaders completed the MISSCARE Survey, and a segment of the participants completed the Nursing Teamwork Survey. The findings of this study show a lack of LMX congruence between leaders and nursing staff members. Nursing staff report less missed care and lower teamwork than do leaders, and nursing staff list more problems with having adequate material and labor resources than do leaders. LMX congruence has been associated with positive organizational outcomes.