Ophthalmological Congress Research Articles

Principal test for color sensation: clinical aspects.

Visual function comprises three principles: light sensation, color sensation, and minimum separable sensation. Although clinical evaluation of light sensation and visual acuity have been remarkably developed through comprehensive application of various methods, the test methods to evaluate color sensation in the clinical field have not reflected these various significant developments after their recommendation at the International Congress of Ophthalmology in 1933. To date, various research methods in color vision have been invented on the basis of clinical evaluation methods, most of which were limited to laboratory investigations and were not applied to the clinical field. In this review, the author focuses on both the currently clinical available evaluation methods and the clinically applicable methods based on the present laboratory research studies.

Report on the work of the XXVIII International Ophthalmology congress “White Nights” — 18 Congress of the All-Russian public organization “Association of ophthalmologists”

XXVIII International Ophthalmology Congress White Nights 18 Congress of the All-Russian Public Organization Association of ophthalmologists took place in Saint Petersburg from May 30th through June 3rd, 2022. At the congress, doctors out of 11 countries of countries of near and far abroad. The number of registered participants was 4133. Besides 124 plenary presentations, 34 more were presented at 11 specialized symposia, organized with a support of Congress partners.

Japan to Global Eye Genetics Consortium: Extending Research Collaboration for Inherited Eye Diseases.

Japan Eye Genetics Consortium (JEGC) was established in 2011 to migrate research system to all-Japan structure for collecting phenotype-genotype information for inherited retinal diseases and other retinal diseases including hereditary optic neuropathy and hereditary glaucoma. Diagnostic team was assembled to maintain quality of diagnostic and to collect phenotype information to database in Tokyo Medical Center (TMC). Over the past 10 years, 1538 pedigree [2788 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples] was collected from 38 ophthalmology departments and eye hospitals. Whole exome analysis has improved diagnostic rate from ~17% in 2011 to 53% in 2021, with 27% of known variants, 18% of novel variants in known gene, 8% of potential novel disease-causing genes, and 47% of pedigree with unknown cause. Approximately 70% of Japanese patients were affected by novel mutation or by unknown cause. In 2014, Asian Eye Genetics Consortium (AEGC) was established by researchers from Hong Kong, India, Japan, and the US, later renamed to Global Eye Genetics Consortium (GEGC) to expand the idea of collaborative research on rare genetic eye diseases in Asia, Middle East, Africa, and South America. GEGC phenotype-genotype database, GenEye, was constructed to collect and catalog genetic eye diseases at global scale. Over 200 members from 30 countries, GEGC now has 200 members from 30 continents, performing scientific programs, young investigator visiting program, and GEGC organized session at the meetings of the Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology (APAO), The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO), All India Ophthalmological Society (AIOS), World Ophthalmology Congress (WOC), and International Society for Eye Research (ISER).

Organization of the V Academic Ophthalmology Congress: an experience report

Organization of the V Academic Ophthalmology Congress: an experience report

Report on the xxvii international ophthalmic congress "white nights" - the 17th congress of the all-russian public organization "association of doctors - ophthalmologists"

From May 31 to June 4, 2021, the XXVII International Ophthalmological Congress "White Nights" - the 17th Congress of the All-Russian public organization "Association of Ophthalmologists" was held in St. Petersburg. This annual event, held in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the organ of vision, is the largest and most significant not only for Russia, but also for the whole of Northern Europe.

The cataract surgery of Empress Eugenie of France a century ago by the eminent Spanish ophthalmologist Ignacio Barraquer.

Topic: Empress Eugénie (1826-1920), the widow of Emperor Napoléon III of France, developed mature cataracts late in life. In 1920, at age 94, she underwent surgery to one eye by Ignacio Barraquer (1884-1965), a member of the famous dynasty of ophthalmologists originally from Barcelona, Spain. Clinical relevance: Barraquer used his new instrument which employed a vacuum cup to hold the lens for intracapsular extraction. Methods: Research of historical documents. Results: The surgery was a success; the Empress was pleased that she could read again although she did not have long to live. She was his first famous cataract patient and his fame spread internationally. Barraquer spoke at the International Congress of Ophthalmology held in Washington, DC, in 1922 and demonstrated his technique on patients in Washington, DC, New York, Boston, Philadelphia and Richmond, VA. Conclusion: Barraquer's surgery on Éugenie, who was the most powerful woman in Europe during her husband's reign, influenced the course of development of cataract surgical technique.

Improving the success of trabeculectomy

Taking back to the history of glaucoma surgery, Albrecht von Graefe was the first to use surgery to lower intraocular pressure in 1856. He discovered iridectomy was an effective surgical method for acute glaucoma treatment. On September 13 in 1857 he reported his findings at the first International Congress of Ophthalmology held in Brussels. His dissemination of the technique established iridectomy, as an important treatment still used today for angle closure glaucoma.

HIGHLIGHTS OF ADVANCES IN MEDICAL RETINA FROM THE VIRTUAL WORLD OPHTHALMOLOGY CONGRESS 2020.

The World Ophthalmology Congress (WOC) is one of the largest international ophthalmology conferences, taking place every two years. The event this year was the first of its kind, held as avirtual summit due to the Covid-19 pandemic. There were over 2000 talks from world experts, avirtual industry exhibition including free papers, e-posters, live symposia and presentations. Medical retina is asubspecialty in which exciting and innovative advances in research were presented. The topics covered included the use of Conbercept for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy, Faricimab in Diabetic Macular Oedema and neovascular Age Related Macular Degeneration (nAMD), Brolucizumab, Aflibercept and Port Delivery Systems in nAMD, amongst many others. Medical retina continues to be arapidly advancing field within ophthalmology with new research findings having great implications for treatment burden and service delivery. This report summaries the highlights of advances within the medical retina subspecialty from free papers in WOC 2020.

Report on the 33rd Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology Congress, Hong Kong, 8-11 February 2018

Report on the 33rd Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology Congress, Hong Kong, 8-11 February 2018

Will the Earth move during the 2020 Nordic Congress of Ophthalmology?

Will the Earth move during the 2020 Nordic Congress of Ophthalmology?

Progression from Classical Oguchi Disease to Retinitis Pigmentosa after 50 Years

Fundus photograph of a 77-year-old Japanese man with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and homozygous c.636delT in S-antigen (SAG) (Fig A). The patient’s condition had been reported as Oguchi disease (Fig B) with Mizuo-Nakamura phenomenon at the 20th International Congress of Ophthalmology held at Munich in 1966. Fundus photograph of the same patient taken around that time (age ∼23) showed metallic sheen covering the posterior pole with no sign of retinal degeneration. These photographs mark the first example of progression of classical juvenile Oguchi disease to RP.

This issue of Acta

This issue of Acta

Научные итоги 3rd Global Pediatric Ophthalmology Congress (London, 2018)

Научные итоги 3rd Global Pediatric Ophthalmology Congress (London, 2018)

The contribution of A. Gref to clinical ophthalmology (to the 190th anniversary of the birth)

The first scientific and practices works in ophthalmology of Professor Albreht Grephe are possibilities. Notes, that in 1850 Hermann Helmholtz introduced the ophthalmoscope into clinical practice, this tool allowed Albrecht Gref to make a number of discoveries and scientific proposals concerning the pathology of the fundus. He described the embolism of the retinal artery, differentiated central recurrent syphilitic retinitis from diffuse, described optic neuritis and much more. Seven years of his scientific work, A. Gref has devoted to the study of the functioning of the eye muscles, strabismus and its correction by surgery, the study of amblyopia. Later, he described in detail the symptoms of ocular muscle paralysis and the clinical manifestations of diphtheria and benign renal conjunctivitis, outlined the ways of drug treatment of these diseases. Gref considered eye pressure the main cause of glaucoma. In his opinion, reducing pressure, it was possible to save the patient from glaucoma. During the treatment of the patient with complete infection of the pupil, A. Grefe made iridectomy (excision of the iris part) and noticed that the eye after the operation became softer. This prompted the doctor to think about the possibility of using such an operation for glaucoma. It is important to note that at the first International Ophthalmological Congress in Brussels in 1857 Gref made a report «On the nature and treatment of glaucoma by iridectomy». This operation brought him world fame and saved many glaucoma patients from blindness. Iridectomy is used in ophthalmic practice and at the present time. In 1859 Grefe proposed a method for peripheral linear extraction of cataracts. He made a peripheral linear cut, thanks to which the divergence of the edges of the wound of the patch cut was eliminated. For such a cut Grefe invented a special long and narrow scalpel, behind which the name Grefevsky was preserved. As time has shown, the basic theoretical and practical provisions and discoveries of Grefe still form the foundation of our knowledge in ophthalmology.

First look into the eye.

Until Helmholtz's discovery of the ophthalmoscope, it was not possible to visualize the posterior pole of the eye in a living subject. The aim of this work is to emphasize the importance of the invention of the ophthalmoscope because the new era in ophthalmology began with it. Available literature concerning this topic was studied, especially by getting in contact with institutes for history of medicine as well as medico-historians in Germany and other countries. Hermann von Helmholtz, German physician and physicist, presented and published his invention of the ophthalmoscope in 1851. Albrecht von Graefe was the first to use ophthalmoscope routinely. He said: 'Helmholtz has opened a new world to us'. The first ophthalmoscope was not easy to use. Some ophthalmologists even thought that ophthalmoscopy is harmful for the eye, particularly for a diseased eye. First, it was used in Germany (A von Graefe), Austria (E Jäger), and Netherlands (FC Donders). In England, it was used only at Moorfields till 1855 (W Bowman). At the First International Congress of Ophthalmology in Brussels 1857, the importance of ophthalmoscopy was stressed. FC Donders said that every view with the ophthalmoscope into the living eye was a new discovery. Among retinal diseases, first were discovered pigment retinopathy (FC Donders) and retinal detachment (A Coccius) in 1853. Helmholtz inaugurated modern era in ophthalmology with his magnificant instrument which revolutionized the development of ophthalmology. Von Graefe popularized it. Because of the new findings, ophthalmology was definitely separated from surgery in the middle of 19th century.

О научных итогах 3rdPediatricOphthalmologyCongress (London, 2018) и об эффективности публикации статей в рейтинговых офтальмологических журналах

О научных итогах 3rdPediatricOphthalmologyCongress (London, 2018) и об эффективности публикации статей в рейтинговых офтальмологических журналах

Proceedings of the Neuro-Ophthalmology Program of the 33rd Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology Congress, Hong Kong, 8–11 February 2018

ABSTRACTThe 33rd Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology (APAO) Congress was held on Feb 8-11, 2018 in Hong Kong. This report summarized the highlights of the neuro-ophthalmology program of the Congress, including the scientific symposia (invited and submitted) and the social activities.

Abstracts from the Nordic Congress of Ophthalmology, 8-12 June 2016, Aarhus, Denmark.

Acta OphthalmologicaVolume 94, Issue S257 p. 3-20 AbstractsFree Access Abstracts from the Nordic Congress of Ophthalmology, June 8–12, 2016 in Aarhus, Denmark First published: 18 October 2016 https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.13278Citations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume94, IssueS257Special Issue: Abstracts from the Nordic Congress of Ophthalmology, 8–12 June 2016, Aarhus, DenmarkOctober 2016Pages 3-20 RelatedInformation

Message from the Chairman of the Board

We have just finished the 31 st Pan-American Congress of Ophthalmology, which took place August 5-8, 2015, in Bogota, Colombia. What a wonderful experience of learning and cultural exchange between the colleagues and industry partners from the Americas and beyond!

Military ophthalmia and the Napoleonic campaign in Egypt

SummaryIn 1798 the French armies landed in Egypt. During this campaign both the French and the British troops were confronted with eye infections. When they returned home the disease spread all over Europe. The Dutch army was also affected. When Belgium became independent in 1830, there were major discussions as what caused the disease. Some called “compressionist” considered it neither to be contagious nor Egyptian, but the consequence of the pressure of the leather collar on the jugulars and of the heavy shako on the forehead. For the others the “contagionists” the disease was highly contagious and spread directly from patients to healthy soldiers although there was also a possibility of “miasma”. The uniform was adapted and hygienic measures were taken. Unfortunately one decision with dramatic repercussions was sending home diseased soldiers. As a result the disease spread within the civilian population and became a major health issue.The very first international congress of ophthalmology was held in Brussels in 1857 and one of the major topics was the “military ophthalmia”.With strict measures the disease was eventually controlled although some regions were still affected up to the end of the 19th Century.