Congenital Malformations In Babies Research Articles

Neonatal outcomes and congenital malformations in children born after progestin-primed ovarian stimulation protocol.

The purpose of this study is to assess the safety of progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) protocol regarding the neonatal outcomes and congenital malformations in babies born after in vitro fertilization (IVF) and frozen embryo transfer (FET). In this large retrospective cohort study, a total of 16,493 infants born between 1 September 2013 and 31 July 2021 from IVF and FET cycles after treatment with either PPOS (n = 15,245) or gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-ant) (n = 1,248) were finally enrolled. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of congenital malformations. The secondary outcome measures were rates of low birth weight (LBW), very low birth weight (VLBW), preterm birth (PTB), very preterm birth (VPTB), and early neonatal death. Birth characteristics for both singletons and twins regarding the sex of infants, gestational age, birth weight, and birth length were comparable between the PPOS group and the GnRH-ant group. Rates of LBW, VLBW, PTB, VPTB, and early neonatal death were also similar. The reanalysis using propensity score matching (PSM) and multivariable logistic regression indicated that the PPOS protocol could not increase the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes compared with the GnRH-ant protocol. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in the overall incidence of congenital malformations in live-born babies. After PSM and controlling for all confounders, the results remained insignificant with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.66 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32-1.34] and 2.43 [95% CI 0.97-6.06], respectively, for singletons and twins. Our study suggests that compared with GnRH-ant treatment for IVF, the PPOS protocol could not produce a negative effect on the newborn population in terms of neonatal outcomes and congenital malformations.

COVID 19 and pregnancy

Pregnant women constitute a vulnerable subgroup among the general population. Various aspects of COVID-19 infection in pregnant patients' need to be studied in detail to frame management strategies for dealing with this subgroup. Since COVID-19 infection has emerged only recently, limited data restricted to small case series are available. Pregnant women form a vulnerable group which can be affected by COVID-19. Data suggest that pregnant women are as susceptible as rest of the population without any higher susceptibility for the infection. The clinical features and course of the COVID 19 illness remain similar to the nonpregnant group. The large proportion of women manifest with mild symptoms of cough, fever, anosmia, or ageusia whereas some women may develop a more serious form of disease with pneumonia and respiratory failure. A multidisciplinary approach is important to manage these patients especially when the COVID 19 infection is of a serious nature. Normal vaginal delivery is not a contraindication in women with COVID-19. The current data suggest that there is no evidence of vertical transmission of the COVID 19 virus. Breast feeding should not be prohibited in mothers with COVID-19 disease. Currently, no data are available regarding risk of congenital malformations in babies conceived to COVID 19 positive mothers.

Effects of assisted reproductive technologies in neonates with indications for surgery (2007-2016).

Recently, the number of births using assisted reproductive technologies (ART) has increased. An associated increase in the incidence of congenital malformations in babies conceived using this technology has also been reported. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the rate of malformations in babies with neonatal surgical diseases, who were conceived using ART. Between January 2007 and December 2016, 1737 patients were admitted to our hospital. We analyzed the incidence of congenital cardiac diseases, genetic anomalies, and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in neonates conceived by ART. The χ2 test and logistic regression analysis were used to assess the odds ratios (ORs) for congenital malformations. A P-value < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. The OR for CAKUT was 16.94 for the first-birth neonates conceived using ART, [P < 0.05, AUC (area under the curve) = 0.86]. However, for non-surgery neonates, the OR for CAKUT was 5.99 (P = 0.15, AUC = 0.87), compared to 32.27 (P < 0.05, AUC = 0.93) for parallel conditions in surgery-neonates. Neonates conceived using ART are prone to develop CAKUT, which will need surgical treatment. Therefore, more management is necessary for associated malformations in these babies, particularly in cases with CAKUT.

A study on prevalence and pattern of clinically recognisable congenital malformations in babies born in a rural medical college hospital in West Bengal, India

A study on prevalence and pattern of clinically recognisable congenital malformations in babies born in a rural medical college hospital in West Bengal, India

Zika Virus in the Male Reproductive Tract.

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are resurging across the globe. Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused significant concern in recent years because it can lead to congenital malformations in babies and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Unlike other arboviruses, ZIKV can be sexually transmitted and may persist in the male reproductive tract. There is limited information regarding the impact of ZIKV on male reproductive health and fertility. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie persistent ZIKV infections in men is critical to developing effective vaccines and therapies. Mouse and macaque models have begun to unravel the pathogenesis of ZIKV infection in the male reproductive tract, with the testes and prostate gland implicated as potential reservoirs for persistent ZIKV infection. Here, we summarize current knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of ZIKV in the male reproductive tract, the development of animal models to study ZIKV infection at this site, and prospects for vaccines and therapeutics against persistent ZIKV infection.

Pattern of clinically recognisable congenital malformations in babies born in a tertiary referral centre in Sri Lanka.

To record incidence, pattern and prevalence of risk factors of congenital malformations (CM) in live new born babies at a Teaching Hospital in Sri Lanka. All newborn babies delivered over a period of six months at the Teaching Hospital, Mahamodara were included in this cross sectional study and they were subjected to thorough medical examination to detect any CM. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographics and risk factors associated with CM. Overall prevalence of CM in the study group was 4.3%. Occurrence was higher in males (61.4%) than females (36.9%). Highest frequency of CM was in the musculoskeletal system. Parents' age, previous history of abortions or stillbirths, consanguinity and pre-conceptual folic acid deficiency were the most prevalent risk factors related to CM. Prevalence of CM in the study group is high compared to other countries in the region. Emphasis on preventing CM is recommended and public health actions is required in improving well-being of affected babies.

Low-dose paroxetine exposure causes lifetime declines in male mouse body weight, reproduction and competitive ability as measured by the novel organismal performance assay

Paroxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that is currently available on the market and is suspected of causing congenital malformations in babies born to mothers who take the drug during the first trimester of pregnancy. We utilized organismal performance assays (OPAs), a novel toxicity assessment method, to assess the safety of paroxetine during pregnancy in a rodent model. OPAs utilize genetically diverse wild mice (Mus musculus) to evaluate competitive performance between experimental and control animals as they compete among each other for limited resources in semi-natural enclosures. Performance measures included reproductive success, male competitive ability and survivorship. Paroxetine-exposed males weighed 13% less, had 44% fewer offspring, dominated 53% fewer territories and experienced a 2.5-fold increased trend in mortality, when compared with controls. Paroxetine-exposed females had 65% fewer offspring early in the study, but rebounded at later time points, presumably, because they were no longer exposed to paroxetine. In cages, paroxetine-exposed breeders took 2.3 times longer to produce their first litter and pups of both sexes experienced reduced weight when compared with controls. Low-dose paroxetine-induced health declines detected in this study that were undetected in preclinical trials with doses 2.5–8 times higher than human therapeutic doses. These data indicate that OPAs detect phenotypic adversity and provide unique information that could be useful towards safety testing during pharmaceutical development.

Fetal valproate syndrome in a 2-month-old male infant

Fetal valproate syndrome (FVS) results from prenatal exposure to valproic acid. It is characterized by a distinctive facial appearance, a cluster of minor and major anomalies and central nervous system dysfunction. We describe a 2-month-old male infant with the typical dysmorphic features characteristic of FVS. He had a persistent left superior vena cava draining into a dilated coronary sinus and mild pulmonary hypertension. There was a history of maternal intake of sodium valproate during pregnancy.

Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes after assisted reproduction: a comparative study

Dear Editor, We welcomed the paper by Allen et al. [1] which provides reassurance about the rate of congenital malformations in babies delivered after assisted reproductive technology (ART). Their data are in close agreement with previous research [2], where an increased risk of placenta previa after in vitro fertilisation (IVF) was identified. As Allen et al. note, however, the true incidence of stillbirth and miscarriage after IVF remains unknown, because the scope of their investigation did not include all IVF pregnancies (i.e., only deliveries known to have good perinatal outcomes were sampled). While their study did achieve a questionnaire return rate of 65% from these parents of IVF children, the study design could not identify common demographic or clinical characteristics among the non-responders. From a public health perspective, information on this important sub-group of IVF patients would be highly informative. As Allen et al. [1] correctly note, the impact of IVF on the course of pregnancy is not yet fully understood. For example, anecdotal reports of mature stillbirths in IVF patients who go beyond 40 weeks gestation have been frustrating to assess systematically. It is hoped that future epidemiologic studies will address this issue. In the meantime, we agree with others [3, 4] that in the absence of standardised protocols for the obstetric management of pregnancies conceived with IVF, it is prudent for such gestations to be regarded as high-risk.

MicroSort® babies: 1994–2003 preliminary postnatal follow-up results

Objective: Sperm sorting by flow cytometry is a pre-conception method of gender selection to reduce sex-linked disease risk and for family balancing. This study’s objective was to evaluate the safety of MicroSort(r) by determining the incidence and type of congenital malformations in babies conceived using sorted sperm.

Congenital malformations in babies whose mothers were treated by assisted reproductive technologies

International Journal of Gynecology & ObstetricsVolume 70, Issue S1 p. A113-A113 Infertility/Art 1 Congenital malformations in babies whose mothers were treated by assisted reproductive technologies R. Radosavljevic, R. RadosavljevicSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Popovic-Lazic, J. Popovic-LazicSearch for more papers by this authorN. Antic, N. AnticSearch for more papers by this authorE. Garalejic, E. GaralejicSearch for more papers by this authorB. Arsic, B. ArsicSearch for more papers by this authorM. Pastar, M. PastarSearch for more papers by this authorR. Maglic, R. MaglicSearch for more papers by this author R. Radosavljevic, R. RadosavljevicSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Popovic-Lazic, J. Popovic-LazicSearch for more papers by this authorN. Antic, N. AnticSearch for more papers by this authorE. Garalejic, E. GaralejicSearch for more papers by this authorB. Arsic, B. ArsicSearch for more papers by this authorM. Pastar, M. PastarSearch for more papers by this authorR. Maglic, R. MaglicSearch for more papers by this author First published: 09 December 2003 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7292(00)83357-3AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume70, IssueS12000Pages A113-A113 RelatedInformation

Involvement of deprivation and environmental lead in neural tube defects: a matched case-control study

OBJECTIVETo analyse the prevalence of neural tube defects in small geographical areas and seek to explain any spatial variations with reference to environmental lead and deprivation.SETTINGThe Fylde of Lancashire in...

Congenital malformations in babies of diabetic mothers.

In 1979-80 a national survey of the incidence of congenital malformations in babies born to diabetic mothers in the United Kingdom was carried out by questionnaire. Of the 1034 mothers reported, 773 were known to have diabetes before the index pregnancy. The incidence of congenital malformations ws 7.1% which is significantly higher than the 2.1% in the offspring reported to the Office of Population, Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) for England and Wales in 1979-80. The increase was most pronounced for malformations of the heart, spine, lungs, and brain. In 40% of the diabetic mothers blood glucose was not recorded during the first trimester of pregnancy, and in this group the malformation rate was twice that in babies born of mothers who had had at least one reported blood glucose estimation during this time. We conclude that there is an urgent need to improve health education and supervision before and during pregnancy in all diabetic women if the prevalence of malformations amongst their offspring is to be reduced.

The Gee case: first expert witness.

The Gee case: first expert witness.