Congenital Benign Tumors Research Articles

A Retrospective Analysis of Corneal Dermoid.

Corneal dermoid is a congenital benign tumor and ocular malformation, often diagnosed at birth or in early childhood. Its treatment and long-term prognosis remain under-researched, necessitating further investigation. This study aims to investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of corneal dermoid, evaluate the efficacy of different surgical methods, and identify factors influencing treatment outcomes. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 58 patients treated for corneal dermoid at our hospital from 2017 to 2021. Patients' demographic information, tumor characteristics, surgical methods, and postoperative outcomes were collected and analyzed. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, chi-square (χ 2) test, and Spearman correlation analysis were used to evaluate the distribution characteristics and intergroup differences of corneal dermoid. The average age of the patients was 6.3 years, with 55.2% being male and 44.8% female. The right eye was affected in 63.8% of cases, with the temporal limbus being the most common site (75.9%). Pathological examination revealed tumors covered by squamous epithelium, containing hair follicles, sebaceous glands, adipose tissue, and fibrous tissue; some cases also had cartilage and glandular tissue. Surgical methods included corneal dermoid excision (100%), lamellar keratoplasty (37.9%), amniotic membrane grafting (31.0%), and autologous limbal stem cell transplantation (8.6%). None of the 50 followed up patients experienced tumor recurrence. Postoperative vision improved in 58.0% of patients, with more females (61.9%) experiencing visual impairment compared to males (38.1%) (χ²=4.711, p=0.030). This study analyzed 58 corneal dermoid patients treated from 2017 to 2021, focusing on epidemiological and clinical characteristics, surgical efficacy, and treatment outcomes. It identified common pathological features and effective surgical methods, with no tumor recurrence in followed up patients. The study highlights the need for further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods.

Cerebral Dermoid Cyst Ruptured Intraventricularly and in the Subarachnoid Spaces

The intrcranial dermoid cyst is a benign congenital tumor, which generally develops in the posterior fossa, extra-axially. Its spontaneous rupture represents a rare event, with a difficult clinical diagnosis, requiring the use of imaging. We report a case of a left frontal cerebral dermoid cyst spontaneously ruptured in the ipsilateral lateral ventricle and subarachnoid spaces which manifested by electric shock type headaches and diagnosed by brain CT.

A rare case of isolated congenital corneal dermoid: Literature review and histopathologic correlation

A dermoid cyst is a benign congenital tumor that arises due to the entrapment of ectodermal elements along the line of embryonic closure. Limbal dermoid is the most common dermoid reported in the literature. However, isolated corneal dermoid has rarely been described. Here, we present a case of a 19-year-old man who presented with a giant isolated congenital corneal dermoid, which is distinct from the typical limbal dermoid histopathologically and in terms of management.

Cystic teratoma of the pancreas

Cystic teratoma also called dermoid cyst, are congenital benign germinal tumors most commonly found in the ovaries and testes. Pancreatic localization is the least common site of presentation, which make its preoperative diagnosis even more challenging. Herein, we report the case of an 8-year-old girl who presented with abdominal pain localized in the epigastrum. The CT scan showed a well-defined heterogenous cystic mass in the head of the pancreas. At surgery, the entire mass was excised. The diagnosis of a dermoid cyst was then confirmed macroscopically and by histopathology. The main goal of our case report is to show the rarity of this entity and to make a quick review of the literature.

Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Dermoid Cyst Patients

Purpose: The characteristics of pediatric dermoid cyst patients.Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of 64 dermoid cyst patients (65 eyes) aged < 18 years.Results: Limbal dermoids and conjunctival dermolipomas were observed in 49 and 16 eyes (48 and 16 patients), respectively. Limbal dermoids were more common in the left eye (61%), particularly on the inferotemporal side (80%). Three (6%) of the patients were diagnosed with Goldenhar syndrome. The horizontal diameter (3.76 ± 1.30 mm) was greater than the vertical diameter (3.74 ± 1.30 mm). Most of the lesions were yellow (35.2%) in color, mildly elevated (n = 19, 55.9%), and not visible when the eyes were closed. The mean best corrected visual acuity was 0.8 ± 0.2 in 23 patients, with mean astigmatism and mean corneal astigmatism values of -2.1 ± 2.2 diopters (D) and -2.0 ± 1.1 D, respectively. None of the conjunctival dermolipoma patients had any ocular history. The left eye (75%), particularly the temporal and superiotemporal conjunctival fornix, was the most commonly affected site. The mean best corrected visual acuity was 0.9 ± 0.0 in seven patients, with an average astigmatism of -0.3 ± 0.2 D.Conclusions: Dermoid cysts are congenital benign tumors that may be associated with congenital diseases. They vary in size, location, color, and extent of invasion, and may cause functional problems, such as astigmatism and amblyopia. Therefore, timely surgical treatment is desirable.

Combined approach of transnasal and transoral endoscopic surgery in a child with nasal glial heterotopia

Aim of the study: The aim of this case report is to outline the difficulties associated with managing a child with nasal glial heterotopia. Developmental midline nasal mass, especially of neurogenic origin, poses a great challenge to managing surgeons. Nasal glial heterotopia is among benign congenital midline nasal tumours with aggressive features. Case report: Herein, we report the case of a 5-month-old infant who presented earlier, at 3 months old, with respiratory distress secondary to obstructive nasal mass. Result and discussion: Imaging and bedside flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscopy showed a localised nasal mass with no intracranial tumour. Following two combined endoscopic intraoral and transnasal tumours, the diagnosis of nasal glial heterotopia was made, and the patient is under surveillance. Conclusion: Multidisciplinary team discussion along with combined endoscopic transnasal and transoral approach ought to be considered in managing challenging congenital nasal tumours in children.

A diagnostic dilemma: unusual case report of a dermoid cyst embellished with a tattoo in the midline of neck

Dermoid cysts are benign congenital tumours of ectoderm origin usually arising from the midline where the fusion of embryonic structures of both sides occurs. They are true hamartomas focal malformations that can resemble neoplasms grossly and even microscopically. We hereby presented a case of a 25 year old male presented with complaints of a midline neck swelling for 5 years which was found just beneath a symbol tattooed in the skin overlying the swelling. The USG, fine needle aspiration cytology and multislice CT scan reports strongly suggested findings of a dermoid cyst. However, there was a diagnostic challenge faced when chest CT suggested old granulomatous changes around the swelling region. After thorough history taking, physical examination and radiological investigations, the swelling was successfully excised with a complete margin which was sent for histo-pathological examination, results of which correlated with the initial diagnosis of it being a dermoid cyst with foreign-body reactions.

Fetal Lung Interstitial Tumor (FLIT): A case series

Background: Fetal Lung Interstitial Tumor (FLIT) is a rare benign lung tumor. There have been 18 cases of FLIT described in the literature. FLIT is characterized by a region of arrested lung development and must be differentiated from other congenital lung lesions with poorer prognoses. Case Presentation: We report the first two known cases of FLIT in Australia and New Zealand. In both cases, the patients developed respiratory distress at birth requiring intubation. Imaging revealed solid lesions and echocardiography demonstrated pulmonary hypertension. The patients underwent surgical resection without any complications or recurrence. Conclusion: FLIT is a rare benign congenital lung tumor that can be adequately managed with surgical resection.

Congenital limbal dermoid in a 10-year-old male

The most typical choristomas, sometimes referred to as congenital benign tumors, are limbal dermoids. Limbal dermoids are typically seen in the inferotemporal quadrant, but they can sometimes exclusively be found in the conjunctiva and sclera or present fully within the perilimbal cornea. Despite being benign, progressive limbal dermoids may result in anisometropic amblyopia because of the development of corneal astigmatism, encroachment on the visual axis, and corneal penetration of fatty components. Anatomically, there are three different classes of limbal dermoids. Grade I limbal dermoids are small, superficial tumor lesions that are currently being treated with conservative medicine. Large Grade II limbal dermoids penetrate both Descemet´s membrane and the corneal stroma. Grade III limbal dermoids impact all histological structures between the eyeball´s anterior surface and the iris´s pigmented epithelium, penetrate the anterior chamber and completely cover the cornea. The histologically abnormal tissues that can be found in limbal dermoids include epidermal appendages, connective tissues, skin, fat, sweat glands, lacrimal glands, neurological tissues, and hyperplasia. Here we represent a 10-year-old male with progressive limbal dermoid in the inferior quadrant in the left eye at 6 o´clock with hair follicles over it associated with the preauricular tag. A dermoid cyst was also present at 5 o´clock. It was progressive in nature and was associated with diminution of vision. Keeping that in mind surgical excision of the limbal dermoid was planned. The best timing and methods for surgical procedures in newborns and young children depend on the tumor size, tumor growth rate, and the affected locations.

Spontaneous Rupture of Exogastric Hemangioma:Case Report

Hemangiomas are benign congenital tumors of mature blood vessels and usually consist of dense masses of capillaries or larger blood vessels. Hemangiomas of the gastrointestinal tract are uncommon and account for only 0.05% of all intestinal neoplasms; gastric hemangiomas constitute less than 2% of benign gastric neoplasms. Gascoyen first described gastric hemangioma in 1860, and only 45 cases have been reported.1–5 Hemangioma of the stomach presenting with spontaneous rupture is rare. We describe a 41-year-old male who had rupture of abdominal hemangioma and subsequent hemoperitoneum. presented to the emergency unit of our hospital Al-Karama general hospital Al-Kut city with acute abdominal pain and distention where he was examined resuscitated, investigated , and explored for profuse hemoperitoneum and an exogastric ruptured mass were resected and submitted for histopathological examination. Which confirmed the diagnosis of hemangioma.

Sindroma Kasabach-Merritt pada Hemangioma Hati: Laporan Kasus

Hemangioma is the most common congenital benign liver tumor. It affects mostly female, with the incidence of 0.4- 20%. Giant liver hemangioma induce the Kasabach Merritt syndome, a life threathening coagulation disorder which occur due to consumptive coagulopathy: trombocyte sequestration and agregation inside the hemangioma. The mortality rate is around 60%, with the most common cause is multiorgan complication which may end up with sepsis. The core management is hemangioma decompression by surgical measure. However, this often considered as a very risky procedure leading to massive bleeding. In most cases, conservative treatment is the preferred option. It is important to consider Kasabach Merritt syndome as one of the differential diagnosis when facing cases with enlarged abdomen in order to plan for its treatment as well as educate the patients regarding the prognosis.

Primary lymphangioma, lymphedema of the lower limb of the fetus in the practice of ultrasound

Scientifically based and experimentally confirmed data on the morphogenesis of the lymphatic system are necessary to clarify critical periods of development characterized by an increased risk of congenital anomalies of the lymphatic system in order to plan and implement effective prevention, diagnosis and correction of related abnormalities. Among the studied anomalies of lymphatic vessels, lymphangioma is most often mentioned — a congenital benign tumor consisting of many cysts of various sizes. Detection of primary fetal lymphangioma in the early stages of intrauterine development is extremely rare. The purpose of the study: to report a case of early diagnosis of congenital cystic lymphangioma and lymphedema of the left lower limb of the fetus. Congenital (primary) peripheral lymphedema, limb lymphangioma is associated with a malformation of the lymphatic system. Taking into account the fact that operative methods of correction of all types of primary lymphedema are considered unreasonable and ineffective, the main attention requires timely detection of this congenital malformation during screening studies of the fetus and the issuance of recommendations for the management of pregnancy, up to termination for medical reasons. It is necessary to raise the issue of genetic counseling of the couple and conducting the necessary genetic studies. The use of modern diagnostic methods allows for the prevention and treatment of abnormalities in the development of the lymphatic system at an earlier stage of the intrauterine period.

Perirenal cystic lymphangioma mimicking a renal cyst in an elderly patient: Case report.

Cystic lymphangioma is a congenital benign lymphatic tumor commonly diagnosed in childhood. Cervical and axillary locations are the most usual, while retroperitoneal involvement is exceptional. Perirenal cystic lymphangioma may be revealed by urological signs or by incidental findings. Imaging plays an essential role in characterizing the tumor, however differential diagnosis with benign or malignant renal tumors is not always possible, thus requiring histological evidence. We report the case of a 50-year-old man who presented with a cystic lymphangioma of the left kidney revealed by lumbar pain with imaging features mimicking an exocortical developing renal cyst. The work has been reported in line with the SCARE criteria.

One lung ventilation in left sided cystic hygroma: Anaesthesia challenges

Cystic hygroma [CH], also called as cavernous lymphangioma is a histologically benign congenital tumor of lymphatic origin. Its presence in the cervical region,most common site [25%] poses multiple challenges to the anaesthetist which includes tumor extension in oral and thoracic cavity, restricted neck movements, airway management, haemorrhage, post-operative respiatory obstruction and coexisting anomalies [down syndrome, turner syndrome, and congenital cardiac defects]. The recommended treatment is surgical excision which can be achieved with no mortality and little morbidity. The advantages of video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in children have led to its increased usage over the years. VATS, however requires an efficient technique for one lung ventilation. Today there is an increasing interest in developing the technique for lung isolation to meet the anatomic and physiologic variations in infants and children. Significant differences exist between airways of the neonate and the adult. Anaesthetic management of the airway is challenging in neonates and young infants with large neck mass like huge cystic hygroma because these patients are at risk for sudden complete airway occlusion resulting in hypoventilation and hypoxemia. We report a successful anaesthesia management in an infant undergoing video assisted thoracoscopic excision of cystic hygroma in left side of neck which was extending to anterior mediastinum under general anaesthesia.

Rare case cystic scrotal lymphangioma presented as a hydrocele.

Introduction and importanceCystic scrotal lymphangiomas are very uncommon lesions caused by congenital lymphatic malformation. These tumors are usually located in the neck and axilla, occasionally in the mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and thigh. The scrotum and perineum are the least frequented sites. They present as painless scrotal swelling and are easily misdiagnosed as hydrocele. We present here a case of cystic scrotal lymphangioma in a school-aged child who presented to us with a massive scrotal swelling.Case presentationWe present here a case of a 6-year-old child who presented with scrotal swelling, which was sonographically identified as chronic hydrocele. The right testis could be felt separately from the mass, and the left scrotum was normal. Scrotal ultrasound reveals multiple cystic lesions with septa in the right hemiscrotum extending to the proximal inguinal canal. Median raphe incision and excision of the lobulated mass Cyst testicular lymphangioma was confirmed histopathologically.Clinical discussionCystic lymphangiomas are benign congenital tumors with no identifiable cause. The majority of lymphangiomas (90%) appear during the first two years of life, and half of them are present at birth. Lymphangiomas are categorized into three types: capillary, cavernous lymphangiomas, and cystic hygromas. A scrotal lymphangioma is frequently misdiagnosed as a hydrocele, inguinal hernia, hematocele, varicocele, or even testis torsion. In our case, the diagnosis was made by ultrasonography with Doppler and confirmed by a biopsy of an excised mass lesion. The scrotum is a very uncommon site for cystic lymphangioma.ConclusionA cystic or septate cystic mass discovered intra-operatively should not be dismissed as a complex hydrocele, since cystic lymphangiomas predictably recur if incompletely resected. A proper diagnosis of the scrotal lymphangioma and its extent using the US is essential for planning an appropriate surgical approach.

Clinicopathological features of congenital hemangioma: a study of 40 cases

Objective: To investigate the clinical and pathologic features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of congenital hemangioma (CH). Methods: Forty cases of CH were diagnosed from January 2017 to December 2020 in Henan Provincial People's Hospital. The clinical and pathological and immunohistochemical data were analyzed, with review of literature. Results: There were 24 male and 16 female patients. The lesions were located in the head, neck (11 cases), limbs (14 cases), and trunk (15 cases). The clinical manifestations were congenital painless plaques or masses, the larger ones protruded on the skin surface, mostly dusky purple or bright red, with surrounding white halos. Under low magnification, the tumor was lobular and well demarcated, composed of neo-microvascular lumen of different sizes. The vascular endothelial cells were cuboidal or hobnail in appearance, forming stellar drainage vessels within the lobules. Extra-medullary hematopoiesis was seen in one case of rapidly involuting CH; there were different number of tortuous and dilated vascular lumen between the lobular structures, and some non-involuting CH cases were vascular malformations, which were devoid of lobulated structures. Immunohistochemistry showed that endothelial cells were strongly positive for CD31, CD34 and ERG, while D2-40 and GLUT-1 were negative. Conclusions: CH is a benign congenital vascular tumor with characteristic lobulated growth and abnormal blood vessels in the stroma. Pathological diagnosis often needs to be differentiated from infantile hemangioma, pyogenic granuloma, kaposiform hemangioendothelioma and vascular malformation.

AXILLARY AND BREAST LYMPHANGIOMA: AN UNUSUAL CAUSE OF BREAST AND AXILLARY LUMP IN ADULT PATIENTS

Lymphangioma is a benign congenital lymphatic tumor of the lymphatic system due to developmental anomalies. Lymphangioma is commonly seen in the infant and pediatric age groups. In this study, we presented a rare case of axillary and breast lymphangioma in an adult female patients. Patient 24 -year-old lady presented with a large swelling around 15 x 10 cm in the breast and axilla since 6 months of duration. Clinical and radiological examinations were suggestive of breast and axillary lymphangioma. Patient underwent complete surgical resection and diagnosis conrmed on histopathological examination. Lymphangioma of the breast and axilla in adulthood is very rare and very few cases have been reported in the literature. Evaluation for breast cystic lymphangioma should be considered for a prompt diagnosis and denitive treatment to prevent recurrence and complications First line of treatment is surgery with safe margins.

Case Report: Cystic lymphangioma of the omentum

BACKGROUND: Mesenteric lymphangioma is a rare, benign congenital cystic tumor of the lym-phatic vessels, which occurs in less than 5% pf the cases at the abdomen. They appear most often during childhood. This tumor should be considered as a differential diagnosis of acute abdomen and other abdominal masses. CASE REPORT: A 6-year-old boy presented with abdominal pain and peritonism. He presented a low-grade fever, a positive rebound sign, as well as leukocytosis and neutrophilia. Ultrasono-graphy showed abundant free fluid in abdomen and pelvis. EVOLUTION: Exploratory laparotomy was performed, finding a cystic mass dependent on the greater omentum, this mass was resected. Histopathology was negative for malignancy and compatible with cystic lymphangioma, immunohistochemistry was positive for D2-40 marker. The patient evolved favorably without surgical complications and without evidence of recurrence up to one year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Mesenteric cystic lymphangioma can present with symptoms of acute abdomen, it can also have a chronic evolution. Complete resection is the treatment of choice, currently minimally invasive procedures are performed with favorable results. Ultrasound is useful for long-term follow-up.

LIPOMA OF THE CORPUS CALLOSUM 2 CASE REPORTS AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Introduction: lipoma of corpus callosum is a very rare benign congenital tumor, which can be isolated or associated with varying degrees of dysgenesis of the corpus callosum. It may be asymptomatic or manifested by non-specific signs such as seizures, headache, neurological deficit or dementia. Magnetic resonance imaging makes the diagnosis easily. Case report: We report two cases of two young people, one 19 years old and the other 21 years old who presented a different neurological symptomatology a seizure and headache, magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lipoma of the corpus callosum in the two patients. Conclusion: Lipomas of the corpus callosum are rare asymptomatic lesions, mainly associated with dysgenesis of the corpus callosum. Diagnosis occurs accidentally during diagnostic procedures for brain disorder. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most useful modality for differential diagnosis.

A Case of the Hamartoma of Middle Ear Presenting with the Aplasia of Ipsilateral Internal Carotid Artery

Hamartoma is a benign congenital tumor made of an abnormal mixture of normal tissues. It is a kind of developmental anomaly, in which the tissues are arranged with an excess growth of one or more of its components. Hamartoma is usually found in the lung, hypothalamus, and colon, but very rarely found in the head and neck areas. Symptoms are caused by the tumor tissue pressing against other tissues or organs. Surgical removal is the treatment modality of choice for hamartomas causing symptoms. The aplasia of unilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) is a rare congenital anomaly. ICA aplasia can cause structural change of the middle ear space. A 5 year-old female patient was presented with large hamartoma in the middle ear and the aplasia of the ipsilateral ICA. The mass was successfully removed without any complications. Authors report this case with a brief literature review.