Name Confusion Research Articles

Perancangan Sistem Order Material pada Supporting Department di PT XYZ dengan Metode System Development Life Cycle

The study focuses on the Supporting department, responsible for producing components for assembling minibuses, including the J type. The department faces several issues, including a 60% confusion rate in component names out of the 600 components, delays and errors in component delivery spanning 4 to 16 hours, and the absence of a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). Addressing these challenges necessitates the development of a material order system, tackled using the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Through SDLC analysis, solutions were derived, involving the creation of system programs, enhancing system flow, standardizing component names, grouping components into kits, establishing component catalogs, and formulating SOPs. This comprehensive solution was implemented at PTXYZ. The outcomes revealed significant improvements: standardization of component names among operators, administrators, and Microsoft GP, where 600 raw components were grouped into 98 packages, reducing delays to less than one working hour, meeting production schedules without delivery errors, and successful implementation of SOPs and catalogs facilitating the production process. Continuous monitoring is crucial to prevent the recurrence of delivery delays and name confusion.

Renaming of genera Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus to Orthoebolavirus and Orthomarburgvirus, respectively, and introduction of binomial species names within family Filoviridae.

The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Filoviridae Study Group continues to prospectively refine the established nomenclature for taxa included in family Filoviridae in an effort to decrease confusion of genus, species, and virus names and to adhere to amended stipulations of the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature (ICVCN). Recently, the genus names Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus were changed to Orthoebolavirus and Orthomarburgvirus, respectively. Additionally, all established species names in family Filoviridae now adhere to the ICTV-mandated binomial format. Virus names remain unchanged and valid. Here, we outline the revised taxonomy of family Filoviridae as approved by the ICTV in April 2023.

Standardization of Medication Trolley to Ensure Medication Safety of Inward Patients: A Case Study from the Base Hospital Udugama

Medical Error is defined as deviations from the identified process of care, which may or may not cause harm to the patient. Medical errors denote a serious public health problem and exert a threat to patient safety. Main causal factors of medical administration errors are medication name confusion and improper container labeling. As such, project has aimed to develop a standard medication trolley for the hospital to prevent drug and medication administration errors, thereby ensuring patient safety.

The unheeded existence of the tubular greens: molecular analyses reveal the distribution of a new Ulva species (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta), Ulva capillata sp. nov. in the Atlantic-Baltic Sea transect

The ubiquitous and species rich genus Ulva comprises entities of green macroalgae with variable morphologies. Ulva species are important from ecological and economic perspectives, but their identification is often problematic. Current knowledge on Ulva diversity has focused mainly on foliose individuals of temperate regions, but genetic and morphological data on tubular species are often insufficient and the species richness is ambiguous due to the lack of molecularly identified type vouchers. Together with a previous study, our study demonstrates that due to the crypticity of tubular entities of the genus Ulva present in the Atlantic-Baltic Sea transect, certain species remained undetected until recently whereas molecular evidence of other historically identified species is missing. An entity which appears to be a relatively frequent species in the Atlantic-Baltic Sea transect and which was probably mis-identified with other species in the past is here described as Ulva capillata sp. nov.. The description is based on molecular identification using tufA and rbcL sequences, and by comparing the species´ phylogenetic relationships, distribution and range margins in the Atlantic-Baltic Sea transect, as well as on morpho-anatomical characters, and early ontogenetic development. By comparisons with closely related and potentially morphologically overlapping species concepts we were able to identify the uniqueness of U. capillata. Therefore, the description of U. capillata as a new species within the genus Ulva is supported by a combination of molecular, morphological, and ontogentic evidence which confirm their uniqueness in comparison to other species concepts.Furthermore, our results strongly emphasize the importance and necessity to molecularly investigate especially tubular historic type vouchers within the genus Ulva to facilitate a clear species identification to omit continuing with taxonomic confusion and ongoing misapplication of names of e.g. cryptic species concepts within this important green algal genus.

Measuring drug name similarity to prioritise the application of tall-man lettering in a computerised pharmacy dispensing system

Abstract Introduction Medicine name similarity is a contributory factor to medication errors.1 Published lists exists highlighting medicine pairs that are easily confused; locally a Look-Alike-Sound-Alike (LASA) list has expanded over time with no formal system of triage. A multipronged approach is required to address LASA risks. Tall-Man Lettering (TML) is one intervention that uses uppercase lettering for the dissimilarities in look-alike drug names to alert staff to the risk of error.1 For greatest impact, it should be reserved for pairs with the highest risk for patient safety. Aim This study aimed to use Levenshtein Distance (LD), Bigram (Bi) and Trigram (Tri) methods to prioritise medicine pairs for TML in the Pharmacy dispensing system. Objectives were to: Produce a comprehensive list of medicines pairs; Establish normalised thresholds from LD, Bi and Tri to prioritise medicine pairs for TML; and, measure drug name similarity using validated software2 applying LD, Bi and Tri to medication pairs as a method of triage for orthographic assessment. Methods Approval was obtained by the Trust Pharmacy Research Committee. The need for ethical submission was waived. A LASA list was developed combining medicine name pairs from National Pharmacy Association list3, historical local list and internal incidents where medicine name confusion was cited. Duplicated, branded and non-stock pairs were excluded. A literature search was undertaken to identify published thresholds for accuracy and sensitivity of the methods in the measure of medicine name similarity. LD measures the minimum number of edit operations needed to transform one string into another; Bi and Tri measures the frequency in which two/three similar sequential strings appear within a medicine name respectively. Two assessors independently entered medicine pairs through a validated computer program2 applying LD, Bi and Tri to measure orthographic similarity. Normalised computed similarity scores (between 0-1 where higher values represent increased drug similarity) were collated on Microsoft excel for comparison against thresholds. Results Two-hundred and twelve medicine pairs were identified for review. The literature defined Bi and Tri thresholds at ≥0.3 and ≥0.1 respectively; in absence of this for LD, in-house thresholds were assessed then defined at ≥0.6. LD identified 84 medicine pairs; Bi identified 144; and Tri identified 158; none were uniquely found by LD, four by Bi and 18 by Tri. A final look-alike list with 82 medicine pairs meeting all three thresholds was identified for TML. Discussion/Conclusion Screening using all three methods led to a 61% reduction in medicines pairs allowing prioritisation of TML as an effective intervention based on look-alike pairs with the highest risk of error. This study focused on identifying orthographic similarity in ‘look-alike’ medicine pairs only. With no single intervention available to prevent LASA errors, future work can explore other interventions. In the absence of literature around normalised LD, the definition of an in-house threshold posed to be another limitation and an area where further exploratory work should be considered. As new LASA incidents arise or the Trust catalogue increases, these methods should be applied to triage their look-alike potential, confirming if TML is an appropriate intervention.

Analogous comparison of registered brand name drugs of tablets and capsules commercially available in Thailand: A retrospective study.

Drug name confusion or similar product packaging and labeling, also known as “look-alike, sound-alike” (LASA) medication error, is one of the most problematic causes of prescribing and dispensing errors. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the similarity of registered brand name drugs of tablets and capsules that are commercially available in Thailand to estimate the magnitude of LASA medication errors. Analogous comparisons of brand names using similarity in orthography (written forms with identical letters) were analyzed retrospectively. Tablets and capsules commercially available in Thailand and registered with the Bureau of Drug Administration, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2012 as “dangerous drugs” and “specially controlled drugs” for humans and animals were included in this study. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, were used in this study. The analogous comparison of brand name orthography was scrutinized, and the results revealed 1,668 brand names, which were categorized into three genres as follows:1) Single brand names from a single manufacturer having the same active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with numerous registration numbers (1,049 names, 62.89% of the total similarity results)2) Single brand names from different manufacturers having the same API and possessing several registration numbers (615 names, 36.87% of the total similarity results)3) Single brand names from different manufacturers with diverse APIs (four brand names, 0.24% of the total similarity results).Analogous results revealed that numerous identical brand names could be derived from the same manufacturers, APIs, dosage strengths, or otherwise. The results of this study recommend improvement on product registration to better ensure patient safety in the future.

Goblet Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Appendix: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Nomenclature

Goblet cell adenocarcinoma (GCA) is a new name for goblet cell carcinoid used by the fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Digestive System published in 2019. This name change put an end to the years’ name confusion and led to the simplification and standardization of the diagnostic criteria and grading system for this unique epithelial neoplasm almost exclusively occurring in the appendix. This is extremely important because accurate diagnosis and grading are essential to patient management and prognostication. Under this new name, GCA is recognized to have low-grade and high-grade components with variable proportions. As such, the presence of the low-grade components is required for the diagnosis, but the proportion of the high-grade components dictates the prognosis. With regard to the nomenclature, GCA does not seem to be an ideal name for this tumor because goblet cells are apparently not the cell origin nor the unique cell population of the tumor. While the histogenesis remains ambiguous, the name “crypt cell carcinoma” would appear more appropriate for this tumor, as it would at least emphasize the crypt-like architecture and cellular composition of the tumor nests.

Adulteration and Substitution in Indian Medicinal Plants: A Review Article

ntroduction: Ayurveda is a system of traditional alternative medicine in India. In 20th and 21st century, due to side effects of synthetic drugs, there is an increasing interest in Ayurveda proprietary medicines. At present, the adulteration and Substitution of the herbal drugs is the burning problem in herbal industry. The deforestation and extinction of many species and incorrect identification of many plants has resulted in adulteration and substitution of raw drugs. The future depended upon reliable methodologies for correct identification, standardization and quality assurance of Ayurvedic drugs. This article throws light on the concepts of substitution given by our preceptors and analyzes these with the present-day prevailing trend of adulteration and substitution, thereby aiming at systematic strategy to correctly identify the drugs. Method: Classical and modern literature along with various Research articles were gone through to collect minute details. Result: There are different types of Adulterants viz. substandard, inferior, artificial or exhausted drugs. There are many reasons of Adulteration viz. confusion in Vernacular Names, lack of knowledge about authenticsource, similarity in morphology, lack of authentic plant, similarity in color, careless collections, etc. There are various types of Substitution viz. using totally different drug, substitution of the species belonging to same family, using different parts of the plant, due to same in action. Analysis and Discussion: With the help of this thorough review, it is clear that with few basic identification points, one can easily differentiate between adulterated and original drug. Hence, the dealers and handlers of drugs should be made aware of these through training programmes.

Comparative Pharmaceutical and Analytical Study of Chapal Shodhan (Purification Process) with Special Reference to Bismuth and Selenium

Rasashastra is the branch of science which deals with alchemic preparation or metal and mineral medicinal formulation explained in ancient texts of Ayurved. Rasashastra explained group of drugs in different names on the basis their therapeutic application and binding capacity of drug with Mercury. Chapal one among the group of Maharasa which is having potent therapeutic properties like immune modulator, analgesic, rejuvenator and aphrodisiac. Due to lack of identification, difficulty in procurement and confusion in synonyms and vernacular names, Chapal placed in controversial drugs. Some opines Chapal as Bismuth and some says Selenium. To overcome from these controversies to confirm the type of drug this comparative study is undertaken. Comparative study given nearer conclusion that Chapal can be Selenium, after observing organoleptic properties and symptoms experienced by the person during the purificatory process.

Effects of Text Enhancement on Reduction of Look-Alike Drug Name Confusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Drug name confusion induced by look-alike drug names represents a serious health care management problem in practice. Text enhancement by changing visual attributes of look-alike drug names has been proposed and widely applied in practice to mitigate drug name confusion. However, the effectiveness of text enhancement on reducing drug name confusion is yet to be determined. This study aimed to explore the effects of text enhancement on reduction of confusion caused by look-alike drug names through systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched 5 databases (from database inception to January 2020) for empirical studies that examined the effects of text enhancement on reduction of look-alike drug name-induced drug name confusion. The pooled outcome data were analyzed using either meta-analysis or a narrative synthesis approach. From the 351 identified articles, 11 articles representing 20 individual trials were included. Five basic text enhancement methods were revealed, including Tall Man, red, boldface, contrast, and size enhancement, from which 4 Tall Man variants and 6 text enhancement combinations were derived. The meta-analysis results showed significant reduction in omission errors when using Tall Man (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.628, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.018 to -0.238, P = .002), red (SMD = -0.516, 95% CI: -1.002 to -0.030, P = .038), boldface (SMD = -1.027, 95% CI: -1.240 to -0.814, P < .001), and contrast (SMD = -0.437, 95% CI: -0.869 to -0.004, P = 0.048), as compared with lowercase. This finding was also supported in our subgroup analysis by task type for name differentiation tasks. No other significant effects of text enhancement were found for either commission errors or response time. Using Tall Man, red, boldface, or contrast could help reduce omission errors (ie, wrong medication selection) caused by look-alike drug names, particularly in name differentiation tasks. However, no text enhancement could shorten name search and/or differentiation time. Our findings could facilitate the understanding of the effects of text enhancement in the prevention of confusion errors caused by look-alike drug names and promote the application of text enhancement in practice.

Unidentified Names in the “First” Notebook of F. M. Dostoevsky (1864–1865)

The notebooks of F. M. Dostoevsky contain personal names and titles of works, many of which were left without comment or were reproduced incorrectly from the manuscript. The article examines the names of real persons from the “first” notebook of Dostoevsky in 1864–1865 (presently at The Russian State Archive of Literature and Arts. F. 212.1.3), the attribution of which was problematic for preceding researchers. In addition to academic publications, such as the Complete Works in 30 volumes or the series of Literary Heritage (vol. 83), the same issues arise in some modern electronic publications. Sometimes there is a confusion of names in the comments, for example, Panteleev / Panteleeva / the Panteleev brothers; similar confusion is observed with the Filippov brothers. Some names suggest a different reading: Blagosvetlov instead of Blagoeva, Voronov instead of Voronin. Dostoevsky often indicated the names of works instead of the names and surnames of the authors. This applies primarily to the entries in the Epoch magazine. Many of these works have never been published anywhere, thus, establishing the identity of the authors is difficult for the researcher. Within the framework of this study, individual entries from the “first” notebook of Dostoevsky were read with regard to the typical features of the writer's handwriting, and new explicatory comments to them were proposed, the failed authors of the Epoch magazine were identified (B. A. Pavlovich, V. A. Sleptsov, V. M. Sikevich, N. A. Neklyudov). The interpretation and attribution of personal names from Dostoevsky's notebook of 1864–1865 presented in the article are of a debatable nature and require further elaboration.

Problems and countermeasures in clinical studies on acupuncture and moxibustion in course of developing Guideline for Clinical Practice of Acupuncture and Moxibustion: Insomnia

To explore the problems and countermeasures existing in acupuncture and moxibustion clinical studies, in the perspective of the key steps of Guideline for Clinical Practice of Acupuncture and Moxibustion: Insomnia. The problems include: confusion of disease names and disunity of diagnostic criteria, inadequate refined clinical problems that need to be addressed, lack of targeted analysis of efficacy evaluation index, lack of adequate research on common acupuncture, difficulty to balance innovation and universality, lack of emphasis on the importance of timing for acupuncture, lack of attention to healthy lifestyles and self-care. We suggests that the disease name and diagnostic criteria should refer to the authoritative standards; the clinical study design should based on the realistic clinical problems; the efficacy evaluation index should based on the clinical needs and be analyzed targetedly; further research on common acupuncture or therapy should be carried out.

Review of FDA Amendments Act Section 921 Experience in Posting Data-mining Results from the FAERS Database

PurposeTitle IX, § 921 of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Amendments Act of 2007 requires the FDA to mine data on a regular basis, using its adverse events database, the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System, to identify potential signals of serious risks/new safety information. This review of the FDA's quarterly web-posted results is the first to document the contributions of the program to maintaining the continued safe use of approved pharmaceutical drugs/biologics and the lessons that have emerged from this rich experience. MethodsDetails on proprietary prescription drugs/biologics, generic prescription drugs, and over-the-counter drugs were downloaded from the quarterly posts that begin in first quarter of 2008. Key information was tabulated, including proprietary and generic names of products or classes of products, the identified potential signals of serious risks, the labeling-decision category (updated, no action is necessary at this time, or evaluating the need for regulatory action), the labeling section (Warnings and Precautions, Adverse Reactions, Drug Safety Communications, Contraindications, or Boxed Warnings), and estimated times to updated decisions. FindingsSince the beginning of the FDAAA Section 921 posting requirement, the FDA has posted 555 potential signals of serious risk or new safety information. Of these, there have been 262 posts (47%) that resulted in decisions requiring updated product labeling, 75 posts (14%) that resulted in decisions that no action was necessary, and 218 posts (39%) indicating that the FDA was evaluating the need for regulatory action. Of the 262 posts that required updating one or more sections of a product label, there was a preponderance of Warnings and Precautions, with 172 (66%); followed by Adverse Reactions, with 114 (44%); Drug Safety Communications, 44 (18%); Contraindications, 27 (10%); and Boxed Warnings, 19 (7%). The median times to update decisions were 12 months for Warnings & Precautions, Adverse Reactions, and Boxed Warnings, and 11 months for Contraindications. ImplicationsImportant themes from the present analysis include the following: (1) nearly 80% of posts resulted in updated product labeling; (2) 20% of decisions concerned classes of proprietary and generic drug/biologic products; (3) product-use errors, such as name confusion, continue to be important; (4) the safe use of pharmaceuticals in children is gaining attention but still has a long way to go; and (5) drug–drug interactions are of continuing concern. The FDA Amendments Act § 921 program will continue to have an important place in the future of pharmacovigilance practices.

The History behind the Discovery of Root Tension Signs and the Invention of the Lumbar Discectomy Surgery.

Introduction Sciatica, a common affliction, has been a well known scourge throughout recorded history of mankind and finds a mention in the writings of Hippocrates [1]. The clinical root tension signs were described in the late 19th century, and their discovery preceded the development of surgical techniques for this disorder. As surgeries became safe at the beginning of the 20th century, surgeons incorrectly diagnosed the pathology as cartilaginous tumors in these operated patients. Finally, by the 1930s, they had started connecting the dots and discovered that lumbar disc herniation was responsible for the clinical syndrome of sciatica. In this report, we trace an interesting history from the discovery of the root tension signs for sciatica to the invention of lumbar discectomy surgery for a herniated lumbar disc. There is a great deal of confusion in the eponymous naming of the passive SLR test in various textbooks. Bruce Reider’s The Orthopaedic Physical Examination, a book popular among orthopedic residents, describes the forced dorsiflexion maneuver as the Laségue’s test [2]. While Todd Albert’s Physical Examination of the Spine describes the same maneuver as Bragard’s test [3]. Most textbooks, however, refrain from using eponymous names to describe these neurological signs, especially because there is so much confusion about them. Nevertheless, the medical history behind these root tension signs is no less fascinating. Many attribute the first description of the passive SLR to Ernst Charlie Laségue (Fig. 1), who was a Professor of Medicine in Paris. In his 1864 paper, he described a syndrome of radicular pain which sometimes was associated with muscle atrophy [4]. However, in this paper, he did not describe the leg raising test. Robert Wartenberg, the owner of a few eponymous signs and syndromes himself, worte in 1956: “it is highly embarrassing to state the plain fact that all authors who quoted Lasègue’s article of 1864 as a source of Lasègue’s sign did not

Distribution of Ipomoea violacea (Convolvulaceae): patterns, gaps and reports for its occurrence in Brazil and West Tropical Africa

Abstract In 2015 a chance discovery of the beach moon flower in coastal Brazil led to an investigation of the global occurrence, distribution, and abundance of this pantropical littoral plant species. We here document new distribution records for coastal Brazil and West Tropical Africa; postulate a human-mediated long-distance dispersal for this species from the Indo-Pacific to the Atlantic, followed by local distribution via ocean currents; and provide historical context on the name confusion with other species. We also point out the risks inherent in using specimen information available on the internet without adequate verification for the identity of the specimens as a necessary first step.

ADULTERATION IN MEDICINAL PLANTS AND HERBAL DRUGS

Medicinal plants are considered as an effective source of traditional and modern medicine. In 20th and 21st century due to side effects of synthetic drugs, there is an increasing interest in Ayurvedic proprietary medicines. In India, about 80% of the rural population depends on medicinal herbs and/or indigenous system of medicine for primary health care. Adulterants and substitutes are the common malpractices in herbal raw material trade. Adulteration is considered as an intentional addition of foreign substances to increase the weight of the product or to decrease its cost. It may be due to Confusion in vernacular names, Lack of knowledge about authentic plants, Non availability, Similarity in morphology, activity, aroma, Careless collection and other unknown reasons. So, understanding of all the ways of adulteration and substitution is necessary to rectify this illegal act and maximizing consumer's safety.

Name confusion can happen with rapid-acting insulins

Name confusion can happen with rapid-acting insulins

First reliable record of a blenny, Petroscirtes springeri (Perciformes: Blenniidae) from the southern coastal waters of Jeju island, Korea

Three species (Petroscrites breviceps, P. springeri and P. variabilis) belong to the blenny genus Petroscirtes have been recognized from the Korean waters to date. The latter two species of them have been known to be based on underwater photographs without any taxonomic detailed description, not scientific material. Based on a single specimen (80.3 mm SL) collected from a depth of 12 m in the southern coastal waters of Jeju island, P springeri is described in detail as the first reliable record from the Korean waters. The species is characterized by having two dark bluish spots on opercle and caudal fin base, 12 spinous and 21 soft rays on dorsal fin, two spinous and 21 soft rays on anal fin, and a palmate cirrus on lower jaw. We add formally the species into the ichthyfauna of Korea in this study. To avoid confusion in naming of the species, the original Korean name (Du-jeom-be-do-ra-chi) is maintained instead of proposing a new Korean name.

Identical or similar brand names used in different countries for medications with different active ingredients: a descriptive analysis

ObjectiveTo identify US drug brand (proprietary) names that are identical or similar to drug brand names used in other countries containing different active ingredients and name confusion medication errors associated...

Prevention strategies to identify LASA errors: building and sustaining a culture of patient safety

BackgroundPotential look-alike, sound-alike (LASA) errors in outpatient and inpatient prescriptions have been widely described worldwide. However, most strategies of reducing drug name confusion have been only focused on the processes of prescribing and dispensing, often following local rules.Main textAn illustrative recent example about this topic is given: the antidepressant Brintellix® (vortioxetine) (Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.) and the antiplatelet medication Brilinta® (ticagrelor) (AstraZeneca LP). Revision of the initiatives that are currently applied to prevent potential LASA errors in different countries around the world and debate about the emerging strategies that could be implemented in short and mid-term. At present, a common policy worldwide on the authorization of unique names for innovative medicines does not exist. The implication of authorities in topdown strategies and the importance of developing an international health policy on the authorization of unique names for innovative medicines are highlighted in the following piece of opinion.ConclusionsBuilding and sustaining a culture of patient safety should be considered as a global top-down strategy which involved all the elements in the system (regulatory bodies, manufacturers and suppliers). The precedent established by the FDA in prevention strategies to identify and avoid LASA errors has been extremely important and should lead to international discussion. Coordinated international efforts are urgently needed in this area for the sake of patients’ safety.