Conformity Assessment Activities Research Articles

SDoC와 상호호혜인정 확산을 통한 한국 적합성 평가 경쟁력 구축 전략

Purpose : The common international language of trade is 'Standard'. Conformity assessment activities, such as certification, inspection, testing, and approval, are closely related to the standards and build confidence in the products and services that consumers or end users purchase. For this reason, conformity assessments are essential in operating a company in the global market and play a significant role in international trade transactions of goods and services. Research design, data and methodology : This study approached the concept of conformity assessment, technology theory, and international business perspective through previous studies. Korean and international conformity assessment-related systems were analyzed. The results were derived from literature research by dividing the SDoC 1st party inspection activity and Mutual Recognition 2nd party and 3rd party inspection activities. Results : Korea's conformity assessment diffusion strategy was proposed in response to the era of international standardization competition. First, to respond quickly to the standardization competition of major powers, the Supplier Self-Declaration of Conformity (SDoC) system for cooperative suppliers should be urgently applied and expanded. In other words, the conformity assessment system should be strengthened by spreading self-reports of primary suppliers to expand Korea's conformity assessment procedure, which plays a vital role in the international trade process, and implement it on the international stage. Second, international standards, standards, and relevant regulations must be strictly and reliably observed and implemented for the spread of conformity assessments. Third, international applicability must be secured through an international mutual recognition agreement for conformity assessment activities. Finally, to establish such a system and eliminate overlapping risks, the government should establish a national organization that can serve as a government-wide control tower that can lead and efficiently manage conformity assessment activities beyond the enactment and revision stage of application standards. This is necessary. Conclusions : The core of this thesis is recognizing the importance of conformity assessment activities and proliferation, which are essential intangible assets of exporting companies. Compared to previous domestic and overseas studies, the academic and practical implications of this study are as follows. Although research on the SDoC self-conformity declaration system has been conducted, there is no case suggesting a specific spread method. In addition, it will be possible for manufacturing companies to apply the mutually beneficial recognition suggested in the study to achieve high performance in the global overseas export market. Moreover, it will be possible to realize realistic profits for exporting companies through cost reduction and shortening of the period required for export and conformity assessment procedures, and it will also provide practical implications in that there is a need and value for continuous improvement in the future. However, for competing countries, such as China, which is using its standards and diffusion strategy by presenting the 14.5th manufacturing standard 2035 strategy, the Korean government should strive to realize the conformity assessment diffusion strategy presented in this study through diplomatic and trade negotiations in the future. In conclusion, this study is significant because it recognized the importance of the international conformity assessment process and provided an effective way to spread the Korean conformity assessment system and its detailed role.

A Comparative Study of ISO/IEC 17065:2012 Standards, Accreditation Processes Implemented in Turkey Regarding Turkish Organic Agriculture Legislations

In this study, the ISO 17065:2012 Conformity Assessment—through comparisons between the required standards for organizations that provide certifications towards products, processes, and services, and the programs regarding the certification of organic agricultural practices in Turkey that are regulated by Turkish Regulations on Principles and Implementation of Organic Agriculture, some recommendations are developed for applications in similar countries, by investigating the similar or contradictory issues surrounding the conformity assessment activities with the regulations published in this field. To contribute to the management and improvement of the certification and accreditation processes of the conformity assessment bodies carrying out the certification activities of the agricultural certification programs within the scope of the ISO 17065:2012 standard, the degree of compliance has been identified by comparing the requirements of the Regulations on the Principles and Implementation of Organic Agriculture. The compatibility of these documents and the absence of conflict in these practices will provide a sense of confidence for all relevant parties, including consumers benefiting from the organic market. According to the conclusions of this evaluation, comparison results were interpreted, taking into account the degrees of compliance from the perspectives of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the Republic of Turkey that carries out the provisions of the Regulation on the Principles and Implementation of Organic Agriculture, the Turkish Accreditation Agency (TURKAK) that carries out accreditation activities according to the Regulation, and the certification bodies that are the implementers of the standards mentioned above and regulations, the problem areas were determined, and recommendations have been developed. The national problems in this context have been specified, and recommendations were developed based on observations and examinations of ISO 17065:2012 international standard.

Implementation of FCAUP – a framework for conformity assessment inspired by the uncertainty principle

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report the first practical applications of FCAUP (Framework for Conformity Assessment inspired by the Uncertainty Principle) carried out using a pilot implementation in a boat trailer manufacturer company in Maryville, Tennessee, USA and a practical application in a metrology company in São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.Design/methodology/approachField studies have been conducted in two different companies: a pilot implementation during the preparation activities of the acceptance inspection of finished products and a practical application during the internal audit related to the quality management system.Findings(1) partial double inspection is advantageous in conformity assessment; (2) a structured procedure tends to reduce the risks arising from the use of partial double inspection; (3) the recommended amount of double inspections is directly proportional to the uncertainty involved in the process and it is inversely proportional to the degree of trust in a presumed conformity status.Research limitations/implicationsThis novel framework is for practitioners in manufacturing industries and test laboratories.Practical implicationsThe results of these practical applications suggest that FCAUP is a consistent approach to be used in several categories of conformity assessment in manufacturing industries and test laboratories due to the balance between result and time (cost).Originality/valueThis new framework, named FCAUP, for planning and executing conformity assessment activities has been introduced in a theoretical study published by Moraes and Silva (2018) and it is based on an analogy with the Uncertainty Principle of Quantum Mechanics.

DETERMINATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES FOR FORENSIC SCIENCE ACCREDITATION

With the declaration of independence of Ukraine, a new stage of the state has begun, accompanied by radical changes in all areas of public life. A person, his life and health, honor and dignity, integrity and security are determined by the highest social value. Therefore, the main duty of the state proclaims the assertion and protection of human rights and freedoms, for which a whole mechanism is created and functioning, each of which elements performs separate tasks in order to achieve a common goal. Forensic institutions are part of the relevant system and contribute to the establishment of objective truth in cases of violation of law, the rights and freedoms of participants in the process through an objective and fair trial or an objective basis for evaluating the results of pre-trial investigation bodies. In addition to performing these tasks, forensic institutions in Ukraine have a number of necessary conditions for carrying out conformity assessment activities, and therefore, with some transformations of the management system, technical and other improvements to meet the requirements of national standards, harmonized with relevant international and European standards in the field of assessment compliance, state specialized agencies can be accredited for compliance with the requirements of the standard ISO/IEC 17025 (as well as ISO/IEC 17020) and carry out conformity assessment activities in a specific industry.
 The article is devoted to the definition of administrative procedures for the accreditation of forensic institutions of Ukraine. Attention is focused on understanding the essence of administrative procedure and their place in the process of accreditation of conformity assessment bodies. The author analyzes the scientific approaches to considering the classification of the category “administrative procedure”.
 According to the results of the study, it can be stated that the administrative procedures for the accreditation of forensic institutions of Ukraine characterizes the procedure for authorized entities (national accreditation body of Ukraine) to carry out legally significant actions, the totality of which constitutes the legal process of accreditation; procedural requirements for these entities.

DETERMINATION OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE ACCREDITATION OF FORENSIC-EXPERT INSTITUTIONS OF UKRAINE

In the article, in order to formulate the essence of the administrative-legal regulation mechanism in the field of accreditation of forensic institutions of Ukraine, the general legal foundations of the accreditation system in Ukraine are defined theoretically, as well as the characteristics of a wider category – “legal regulation”, taking into account the peculiarities of public relations in accreditation of conformity assessment bodies. The mechanism of administrative and legal regulation of accreditation of forensic institutions of Ukraine is a combination of legal means (legal norms, legal relations, acts of interpretation and application of legal norms, etc.) of influencing the relations between potential and accredited conformity assessment bodies ensuring a uniform technical policy in the field of conformity assessment; ensuring consumer confidence in conformity assessment activities; creating conditions for mutual recognition of the results of accredited bodies at the international level, etc. The legal basis for the accreditation of forensic institutions of Ukraine is a set of output cross-cutting ideas enshrined in legal norms that define legal necessity and create conditions for accreditation and monitoring of conformity assessment bodies, directly determine legal, organizational and tactical provisions of the organization and implementation of relevant activities. The legal regime of accreditation is a type of permissive administrative and legal regimes. It is based on the principles of accessibility, voluntariness, professional competence, equality, transparency, confidentiality, participation of executive bodies and public organizations, independence and impartiality, non-transferability of special accreditation powers to others, control (the latter principle should be included in the list of basic principles of accreditation activities, which are defined in Article 5 of the Law of Ukraine “On Accreditation of Conformity Assessment Bodies”). The accreditation procedure is carried out according to the rules that are publicly available and free to use. Accreditation bodies should periodically confirm their competence, this is usually done with the help of other accreditation bodies. Key words: accreditation, forensic institutions, legal framework, legal regulation.

Framework for conformity assessment based on an analogy with the Uncertainty Principle of Quantum Mechanics (FCAUP)

This paper aims to introduce an innovative framework, named FCAUP, for planning and implementing conformity assessment based on a conceptual analogy with Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle of Quantum Mechanics. Conformity assessment is a very important issue in many different areas, such as, operations and quality management, international trade, sustainable development, and so on. FCAUP means “Framework for Conformity Assessment inspired by the Uncertainty Principle”. This original procedure employs quantitative and qualitative techniques for analysis, classification, purposive sampling and execution of double inspections in order to reduce the uncertainty in conformity assessment activities. Its preliminary evaluation has been performed by means of three simulations regarding conformity assessments in manufacturing industries. Simulation results suggest that FCAUP is a consistent method to be used in several categories of conformity assessment.

STATE OF THE ART OF CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT – INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS

Conformity assessment activities facilitate market acceptance for manufacturers, importers, exporters and traders by providing confidence that applicable requirements are being met. There is no trade without conformity assessment. There is no competitive market without standards. There is no free movement of goods without harmonisation of requirements and mutual recognition. This article presents state of the art of conformity assessment and tries to look for the future challenges of development of conformity assessment and accreditation. It is still the crucial point that market players develop a common understanding of the requirements that have to be fulfilled. On markets where free movement of goods and services is possible, another challenge is how to obtain the maximum benefits from harmonisation of standards and accredited conformity assessment activities.

An Updated Look at the Federal Policies Governing How Agencies Use Voluntary Consensus Standards in Regulatory, Procurement, and Science Documents

Voluntary consensus standards are a salubrious antidote to the pervasive cynicism about public institutions; the consensus standards process demonstrates that industry, civil society, academia, and government benefit the world by working together through a stable, sustained, and voluntary framework. This document provides an overview of the policies which govern participation by Executive Branch agencies in the development and use of voluntary consensus standards and conformity assessment activities. Also examined is the nuanced federal approach to standards which are not developed in accordance with consensus procedures. Although these “market-driven consortia” standards are often developed by industry for industry, this type of standard can be of use to federal agencies in scientific, procurement, and regulatory applications. The policies discussed below reflect the White House’s Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs’ (OIRA) January 2016 update to OMB Circular A-119 which was revised to better serve America’s economy in an increasingly interdependent world.

Introduction to Conformity Assessment Activities

Introduction to Conformity Assessment Activities

Training needs to understand quality assurance

Quality assurance is defined as part of quality management focused on providing confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled, other parts being quality planning, quality control and quality improvement. These terms are of importance to all activities of economic interest with regard to products, services and procedures including conformity assessment activities. Quality assurance is important not only for a particular activity but also for other activities linked with it; this may include supplies, manufacture, marketing, conformity assessment, accreditation, competent authorities and customers. This article is focused on some of the training needs referring to specific aspects of interest to the main parties involved in each case. Based on the experience gained within the Cyprus Accreditation Body, the article gives examples illustrating the importance of training and awareness for the understanding of various aspects of quality assurance by all parties, to the extent necessary so that they know what they are looking for, how compliance with requirements is documented and how an assessment of compliance is confirmed. The article gives emphasis to laboratories and interrelated activities with reference to the requirements of accreditation and certification standards applicable in each case. Common understanding of basic aspects of quality assurance and their use as tools in a common technical language require training and awareness at all levels so that quality assurance helps the expectations and the overall quality and economic goals of the society to be realized. This is how a quality culture is created and enhanced.

Contemporary Issues of Quality Management: Relationship between Conformity Assessment and Quality Management

Conformity assessment is associated with quality and it can be used to assess the quality if explicit requirements for product quality exist. The aim of the paper is to analyse and evaluate relationship between conformity assessment and quality management. Research is done by studying and evaluating each component of the quality management, meanwhile identifying the actions to be taken in each of them. After evaluating the elements of quality management, the activities carried out within its framework and comparing them with the product conformity assessment activities, it is proved that conformity assessment is closely related to quality management, ensuring that compliant and reliable products are placed on the market, delivered for use and used.

Conformity Assessment Activities in the Electrical Field

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Analysis of third-party certification approaches using an occupational health and safety conformity-assessment model.

The occupational health and safety conformity-assessment model presented in this article was developed (1) to analyze 22 public and private programs to determine the extent to which these programs use third parties in conformity-assessment determinations, and (2) to establish a framework to guide future policy developments related to the use of third parties in occupational health and safety conformity-assessment activities. The units of analysis for this study included select Occupational Safety and Health Administration programs and standards, International Organization for Standardization-based standards and guidelines, and standards and guidelines developed by nongovernmental bodies. The model is based on a 15-cell matrix that categorizes first-, second-, and third-party activities in terms of assessment, accreditation, and accreditation-recognition activities. The third-party component of the model has three categories: industrial hygiene/safety testing and sampling; product, equipment, and laboratory certification; and, occupational health and safety management system registration/certification. Using the model, 16 of the 22 programs were found to have a third-party component in their conformity-assessment structure. The analysis revealed that (1) the model provides a useful means to describe and analyze various third-party approaches, (2) the model needs modification to capture aspects of traditional governmental conformity-assessment/enforcement activities, and (3) several existing third-party conformity-assessment systems offer robust models that can guide future third-party policy formulation and implementation activities.

Will accreditors ever be able to satisfy the expectations of their customers?

Accreditors and their customers both have a role to play in the conformity assessment activities in the market place. In order to be able to cooperate better, both parties need to learn more about the conditions and particularities of each other's work. Three surveys that have recently been carried out by accreditors all focus on issues that need to be addressed in order to reach a more mature relationship between the two parties involved.

The Japan Accreditation Board for Conformity Assessment - Introduction to the Japanese accreditation system

The background to the establishment of the Japan Accreditation Board for Conformity Assessment (JAB) is reviewed in relation to the latest global developments in conformity assessment activities. JAB (known as the Japan Accreditation Board for Quality System Registration at the time of its establishment) was established in 1993 as the accreditation body for quality system registration, the focal point for conformity assessment in the private sector in Japan. The extension of the area of accreditation was made in June 1996, covering all conformity assessment activities including laboratory accreditation, which resulted in the amendment of the name of the body to the current one. Various elements of the laboratory accreditation program are introduced to give the overview of this new program.

Trends of ISO 9000 Family Standards and Conformity Assessment Activities

Trends of ISO 9000 Family Standards and Conformity Assessment Activities