16121 Background: Patients treated with radiation therapy have a significantly better outcome as the dose to the prostate is increased. Conformal high dose rate brachytherapy (HDR) is a successful method for delivering higher dose of radiation. This is a retrospective analysis of patients presenting with low (LR) or intermediate (IR) risk features, who were submitted or not to neoadjuvant androgen deprivation (NAAD). Methods: Charts of patients treated with HDR and localized 3DRT between 1997 and 2005 were reviewed. At the discretion of the referral urologist patients had NAAD (goserelin +/− flutamide or ciproteron acetate). 3 to 6 months. Results: 142 patients were eligible for study entry, 84 (59.1%) had no NAAD. Median age of the patients was 70 years (range, 53–81 years). Median follow-up was 6 years. There were 77 (54.2%) of patients into the LRG and 65 (45.8%) into IRG. The dose of EBRT ranged from 40 to 54 Gy (median 47 Gy). The HDR dose ranged from 16 to 24 Gy given in 4 fractions, BID, in two days. Median HDR dose was 20 Gy. Of the patients who had NAAD, 38 (26.8%) of the patients had central or total androgen blockage and 20 (14.1%) patients had peripheral blockage only. The crude overall survival (OS) rate at 4-year was 95.1%. The 5- and 10-year actuarial OS rates were 93.6% and 85.8%, respectively. The crude biochemical control (BC) rate at 4-year was 79.2%. Actuarial BC rates at 5- and 10-year were 91.4% and 59.6% for LRG and for IRG were 89.2% and 45.4%, respectively (p=0.308). NAAD did not influence the BC rates (p=0.477). Conclusion: dose of radiation prescribed seems to be an important factor related to BC. So far in our own experience, HDR and 3DRT are successful forms of treatment combination, but data from prospective randomized trials are still missing. We favour the use of adjuvant androgen deprivation over NAAD for patients presenting with adverse prognostic factors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.