Conflict Management Techniques Research Articles

Agricultural cooperative and members’ resilience in Kita and Yanfolila cercles of Mali

The study examined the role of agricultural cooperatives in strengthening the resilience and social fabric of rural communities in the Kita and Yanfolila regions of Mali. Using a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods, data was collected from 149 participants, including cooperative members and non-members, through structured surveys and focus group discussions. It explored the challenges faced by farmers, the benefits of cooperative membership, the dynamics of social cohesion within these cooperatives, the nuances of inclusion, and conducted a comparative analysis between cooperative members and non-members. The communities in Kita and Yanfolila faced multiple adversities that significantly affected their resilience, livelihoods and overall well-being. Drought emerged as the most serious problem, affecting the entire population and underscoring its profound impact on agriculture and welfare. Flooding was also a significant threat, exacerbating food insecurity. While terrorist activities and COVID-19 seemed less pressing due to their limited occurrence or awareness at the time, vigilance and awareness remained key. The study highlighted the myriad benefits of cooperative membership and how it empowered members through agricultural training, access to resources and financial stability. In particular, cooperatives have been instrumental in addressing water scarcity and ensuring sustainable access through initiatives such as boreholes and pumping equipment, thereby increasing agricultural productivity and food security. The study also highlighted the key role of cooperatives in fostering social cohesion, promoting conflict resolution and serving as networking platforms. Members praised cooperatives for providing emotional and material support in times of need, disseminating conflict management techniques and promoting transparent, collective decision-making processes. However, there was a noticeable gap in perceptions between cooperative members and non-members regarding the role of cooperatives in conflict resolution. Non-members were less confident, possibly due to a lack of exposure or understanding of cooperative mechanisms. Inclusivity emerged as a key issue, with discussions highlighting the challenge of extending benefits to non-members, which could lead to feelings of exclusion. Income disparities between members and non-members further exacerbated issues of social cohesion. The study also highlighted the profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, revealing disrupted supply chains, reduced incomes, increased unemployment and heightened food insecurity in rural communities. Despite this, agricultural cooperatives stepped up by disseminating information, distributing essential supplies and promoting hygiene practices. Key words: Agricultural cooperative, resilience, peacebuilding, social cohesion, COVID-19, Mali

Conflict Management Styles and Organizational Behavior of Public School Heads in The New Normal

This study evaluated the organizational behavior and conflict resolution approaches used by public school heads in Calamba City's Cluster 9 Division. The study was conducted from April to May of 2023. Survey questionnaires were used in the study's descriptive correlational design and stratified random sampling to determine organizational behavior and conflict management approaches. The participants in the study were the school heads and teaching personnel in Cluster 9. There were 140 target respondents in all, and the cluster consisted of 6 public elementary and 2 secondary institutions. The researcher-made questionnaire underwent reliability testing using Cronbach's Alpha and pilot testing before data collection, with five experts validating it. The four-point Likert scale, mean, and Pearson r were used to assess the degree of organizational behavior and conflict management styles' application. An expert statistician who used thew the SPSS software received the collected data. The findings showed that school heads are proactive and skilled communicators with their staff. They use cooperative and accommodating resolution strategies, which is consistent with a supportive and less autocratic workplace. To improve the practices and utilization of conflict management techniques, a proposed enhancement program named Project CARP (Conflict Activity Resolution Program for School Heads in Cluster 9 Division of Calamba) was developed.

STRATEGIC OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT IN FMCG: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF BEST PRACTICES AND INNOVATIONS

Strategic operations management (SOM) in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry plays a crucial role in driving efficiency, quality, and customer satisfaction. This paper presents a comprehensive review of best practices and innovations in SOM within the FMCG sector, aiming to provide insights into how companies can optimize their operations to achieve competitive advantage and sustainable growth. The review begins by examining the key challenges faced by FMCG companies, including demand volatility, short product life cycles, and complex supply chains. It then explores how strategic operations management practices can help address these challenges and improve overall performance. One of the key areas of focus in SOM for FMCG companies is inventory management. Best practices such as demand forecasting, lean inventory principles, and just-in-time (JIT) inventory systems are discussed, highlighting their importance in reducing stockouts, minimizing waste, and improving overall supply chain efficiency. Another critical aspect of SOM in the FMCG industry is production planning and scheduling. The review outlines how advanced planning tools, such as enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and advanced analytics, can help FMCG companies optimize production processes, reduce lead times, and enhance flexibility to respond to changing market demands. Furthermore, the paper discusses the role of technology and innovation in enhancing SOM practices in the FMCG sector. It explores how technologies such as automation, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT) are transforming FMCG operations, enabling companies to achieve higher levels of efficiency, quality, and sustainability. The review also highlights the importance of collaboration and partnerships in SOM for FMCG companies. It discusses how strategic alliances with suppliers, distributors, and other stakeholders can help FMCG companies optimize their supply chains, reduce costs, and improve customer satisfaction. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of best practices and innovations in strategic operations management for FMCG companies. It emphasizes the importance of adopting a holistic approach to SOM, integrating people, processes, and technology to achieve competitive advantage and sustainable growth in the dynamic FMCG industry. This review paper systematically examines existing literature on operations management within the FMCG sector, highlighting effective strategies for coordinating operations, crew scheduling, and logistics to uphold professionalism and achieve peak performance. It aims to aggregate insights on process improvement opportunities, conflict management techniques, and cross-functional team dynamics that have led to world-class customer experiences and increased product sales. The review will also discuss the role of technology in maintaining operational records and facilitating continuous improvement in FMCG logistics and supply chain management.
 Keywords:  Innovations, Best Practices, SOM, FMCG, Comprehensive.

Conflict Management Strategies and Organisational Performance: A Study of Federal Roads Maintenance Agency in Abuja, Nigeria

Many organizations in Nigeria are currently grappling with task, relationship, and process related conflict. This ongoing struggle is consuming valuable organizational time and resources. If not effectively managed, these conflicts have the potential to escalate, resulting in significant human and financial costs. This study, therefore, centres on evaluating how conflict management strategies influence organizational performance, using the Federal Roads Maintenance Agency (FERMA) as a case study. The objectives of this study are to determine the relationship between conflict management strategies—specifically, avoidance strategy, collaboration strategy, compromising strategy, and accommodation strategy—and organizational performance. The study reviewed relevant theoretical and empirical literature, drawing its theoretical framework from contingency theory. The research design employed a survey research technique, with a close-ended questionnaire serving as the principal instrument for data collection. Utilizing Taro Yamane's formula, the established sample size for this study included 235 staff members of FERMA. Hypotheses were tested using regression analysis as the selected statistical method. The study found a significant positive relationship between organizational performance and all the examined conflict management strategies, namely avoidance strategy, collaboration strategy, accommodation strategy, and compromising strategy. In light of the study's results, it is recommended that managers consider employing the identified conflict management techniques due to their demonstrated effectiveness in effectively handling conflicts within organizational settings.

Collaboration as an Effective Conflict Management Technique for Maximizing Classroom Productivity

Collaboration as an Effective Conflict Management Technique for Maximizing Classroom Productivity

Implementasi Strategi Manajemen Konflik untuk Mencegah Kekerasan di Sekolah

This study aims to provide an understanding of the implementation of conflict management strategies to prevent violence in schools. The research method used is a literature study. The literature study approach requires a number of reading materials to be carried out by managing research materials, taking notes while reading, and gathering information from the library. This study found several things about the correlation between conflict and violence that occurred in the school environment. Conflicts that arise in schools can be reduced and even overcome by using conflict management techniques to the maximum extent possible. In addition, this study discusses effective conflict management in schools which is important for preventing violence. This involves taking proactive and reactive actions to resolve conflicts before they lead to violence. It also involves education and training for students, teachers and staff to resolve conflicts peacefully. Good conflict management can help create a safe and conducive school environment for learning. Therefore, good conflict management in schools is very important to prevent violence and ensure student safety.
 Keywords: Conflict, Conflict Managemen, Violence in Schools

MANAGING CONTEMPORARY INDUSTRIAL CONFLICT IN SELECTED MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN PORT HARCOURT, RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA

The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the effective conflict management strategies employed within selected manufacturing industries in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Industrial conflict encompasses various expressions of dissatisfaction within the employment relationship, particularly those related to employment contracts that empower employees to negotiate. Conflict management, on the other hand, encompasses various methods and approaches to resolving conflicts within organizations. The implementation of conflict management techniques and programs in organizations has yielded numerous advantages. These benefits include increased productivity, improved self-regulation in conflict scenarios, enhanced interpersonal communication skills, reduced suspension rates, prevention of violence, fewer detentions, and the promotion of respect for diverse perspectives and opinions among individuals in the workplace. This study collected primary data from employees at Best Peacock Paint and Paterson Zochonis (PZ) Nig. Plc in Port Harcourt. Data analysis employed statistical tools such as absolute numbers, tables, and percentages to address research questions and gather personal information from respondents. Hypothesis testing utilized the x2 (Chi-Square) statistical technique. The analysis results revealed that conflict management strategies like collective bargaining, compromise, and accommodation positively contribute to employee performance within manufacturing industries. As a result, this study recommends, among other measures, that employers take proactive steps to manage all forms of industrial conflict to prevent exacerbation. Additionally, employers should avoid allowing unfounded assumptions to interfere with their pursuit of desirable outcomes successfully.

New Methods of Conflicts Resolution: Incentives and Disincentives for managing Conflict

Conflict is an inherent part of human interactions and can arise in various settings, such as personal relationships, workplaces, and international affairs. Although of conflict is an inevitable part of human interactions, but new approaches to conflict resolution offer a more constructive and collaborative way of resolving conflicts. We therefore can refer to approaches, methods, or techniques that figured out as tools to settle the differences in the context of conflicts. Some of these that tools well known such as negotiation or bargaining, and third — party or mediation, adjudication and economic incentives and disincentives for managing conflict. Some of methods or techniques are relatively new to the peacekeeping community, such as problem solving workshops, conflict resolution education in the field, and training in conflict management techniques.

Career Woman: The Dual Roles Conflict Management in the Gender Perspective

<em>Human rights are something that is essential and should not be limited only for reasons that refer to gender and social status, especially human rights for women in various aspects, especially the right to a career and self-actualization. Facts on the ground show that women also have the same competence as men in the aspects of public and professional roles. This study aims to analyze the aspects of women's rights and freedoms in carrying out their roles as career women, especially for women who are married and have dual roles. This study examines aspects of social roles and management of role conflicts that are experienced by women with the status of career women. Aspects of social roles are studied based on various theories of social development, studies of women's rights based on the concept of human rights and gender equality. The data in this study were sourced from the results of observations, interviews, and literature studies. The analysis technique used was an interactive model. The results of this study indicate that career women with dual roles have appropriate conflict management techniques, so that their roles have the same priority. This was also supported by the concept of gender equality which is starting to be accepted in society so that women can live a life with the dual roles they have, as well as the guarantee of human rights as human beings who have complete freedom</em>.

Implementasi Strategi Manajemen Konflik untuk Mencegah Kekerasan di Sekolah

This study aims to provide an understanding of the implementation of conflict management strategies to prevent violence in schools. The research method used is a literature study. The literature study approach requires a number of reading materials to be carried out by managing research materials, taking notes while reading, and gathering information from the library. This study found several things about the correlation between conflict and violence that occurred in the school environment. Conflicts that arise in schools can be reduced and even overcome by using conflict management techniques to the maximum extent possible. In addition, this study discusses effective conflict management in schools which is important for preventing violence. This involves taking proactive and reactive actions to resolve conflicts before they lead to violence. It also involves education and training for students, teachers and staff to resolve conflicts peacefully. Good conflict management can help create a safe and conducive school environment for learning. Therefore, good conflict management in schools is very important to prevent violence and ensure student safety.
 Keywords: Conflict, Conflict Managemen, Violence in Schools

Eğitim Örgütlerinde Çatışma ve Çatışma Yönetimi

The data obtained show that conflicts are inevitable within educational organizations and if not handled correctly, these conflicts can negatively affect organizational productivity. This article provides an overview of the nature, types and sources of conflicts in educational organizations. The types and effectiveness of conflict management techniques are also discussed. Among the sources of conflicts are factors such as organizational structure, role ambiguity, different value and belief systems, communication problems and resources. The most common types of conflicts in educational organizations include administrator-teacher, teacher-student, teacher-teacher and student-student conflicts. Types and effectiveness of conflict management techniques are also discussed in the article. These include techniques such as compromise, competition, cooperation, avoidance, and conformity. The article also highlights the factors that play a role in the conflict management process. These factors include personality traits, cooperation, communication, trust, and leadership. In conclusion, conflict management within educational organizations is an important factor to increase organizational efficiency. This article highlights the importance of research in this area by presenting a summary of important studies in the literature on conflict management in educational organizations. Keywords: Conflict, Conflict management, Conflict in educational organizations

Manajemen Konflik di Sekolah

The purpose of this research is to find out the conflict management that exists in schools. The research uses a literature study where all information is obtained from articles and books. The results and discussion obtained can be described that the school principal as an administrator (school manager) and educational leader (educational leader) should be able to consider various existing conflict management strategies. One thing that is recommended is to start from a passive attitude to an active orientation, and it really depends on the level of maturity of the parties experiencing the conflict. An understanding of how to change the attitudes and behavior of people who are led and also matters relating to power or authority is needed to better master conflict management. Another thing to consider in using conflict management strategies is the source of the cause. In principle, the principal must have the power and authority as an educational leader. He must be able to utilize the power that is in him and be able to take advantage of the authority that is in him to direct the attitudes and behavior of subordinates. Implicitly it cannot be generalized that conflict is something that is detrimental or beneficial. In order for conflict to increase the performance and productivity of an organization, the leader of the organization is required to have the ability to manage conflict. There are several conflict management techniques in all situations, where each approach has advantages and disadvantages. Conflict needs to be resolved in a way that is appropriate and appropriate against the background of the conflict. The causes of conflict are not solely internal to the organization but also external to the organization.

Effects of Teachers' Conflict Management Techniques on the Learning Environment in the Classroom

Conflicts in schools can arise over a variety of issues, including staff workload, funds, teaching activities and practices in and out of the classroom, rewards and sanctions, assessment procedures, power and authority, tardiness and absences, political opinions, student behavior, dress code, assignments, and placements. This study examined how teachers' dispute resolution strategies affect classroom learning. A study questionnaire was distributed to 200 elementary kids. School disagreements depress teachers and lower their effectiveness. Disappointment, dullness, unwillingness, insensitivity, stress, grief, anxiety, and uneasiness can plague teachers. Before conflict situations, necessary preparations should be made to prevent instructors, students, and the school environment from degrading education and training. Conflict resolution can help schools achieve their goals and benefit students, instructors, and staff. In-service training and seminars should help teachers understand and address school issues.

Small States in Conflict Management: A Case Study of Qatar

Since the Second World War and the emergence of great powers, little consideration has been given to the role of smaller countries in conflict management. As opposed to what academics and IR scholars refer to as major or great powers, which receive a lot of attention from researchers. The majority of IR scholars focus on the great powers, their position in the international system, and their methods for resolving disputes. Because it is difficult to define small states and because different scholars have different definitions of what small states are, it is possible that they did not pay attention to them. Smaller countries, however, might also make a significant contribution to resolving disputes. Small countries have successfully resolved many conflicts despite their small size and limited resources, and they have developed to the point where they can now compete with those that are larger and more capable than they are. The aim of this article is to investigate how small countries handle disputes and their role in conflict management. In doing so, this paper focuses on how Qatar contributes to conflict management and explores the mechanism it takes to resolve disputes. And yields three key outcomes: First, despite having a small population and limited territory, small states can successfully settle many conflicts. Second, in many international arenas, small states can compete with large countries and superpowers. Finally, despite Qatar's active role in conflict resolution, there is a limitation to it: it focuses solely on mediation and doesn't employ any other conflict management techniques.

The Paradigm Shift--from Traditional to Multidimensional Peacekeeping: Reflections on Achievements, Failures, Challenges, and Prospects in the 21st Century

The peacekeeping concept dates back to pre-League of Nations days, starting with mere inter-positioning of military personnel operations to what we have today as multidimensional operations, since the inception of the United Nations (UN). It is an undebatable fact that the conflict management technique of peacekeeping remains one of the most effective tools that the UN has deployed in terms of international conflict management. Undeniably though, its implementation across the globe in the past has come with mixed results—successes, failures, and challenges. This paper evaluates the challenges and prospects of the phenomenon in this new millennium, having, however, analyzed the impact the technique has so far brought to bear on the international conflict management role of the UN in particular and the international community at large. The study is a content analysis of the concept of peacekeeping, using secondary and tertiary sources. Amidst the successes, failures, and challenges, the potency of peacekeeping as a global conflict management tool in the 21 st Century is without a doubt. Nonetheless, what we need is efficient and effective reforms of the concept under the leadership of the United Nations system. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/13-4-04 Publication date: February 28 th 2023

Improving the Criteria for Transmission Line Routing beyond the Techno-Economics: The Case of Afghanistan

It is not always the technical, financial, and environmental aspects of power projects that decisions are based on. There are many other political, social, and local issues shaping the decision-making processes. This research shows how political and social issues challenged the decision-making process of a high-voltage transmission line routing and how to avoid such unwanted consequences in similar projects. Our insights reveal the importance of risk, conflict, and stakeholder management techniques and strategies in successfully delivering power projects. When planning large energy projects, it is of utmost importance to engage and consult stakeholders, especially direct recipients, civil society, political parties, people’s representatives, and experts, in addition to the techno-economic considerations. Finally, it is suggested that there should be an authority at the country level responsible for deciding on routing, siting, prioritizing, and the strategic planning of power projects.

Conflict management techniques for model merging: a systematic mapping review

Model merging conflicts occur when different stakeholders aim to integrate their contradicting changes that are applied concurrently to update software models. We conduct an extensive systematic mapping study on conflict management techniques and relevant collaboration attributes to the versioning and merging models from 2001 to the middle of 2021. This study follows the standard guidelines within the software engineering domain. We analyzed a total of 105 articles extracted from an initial pool of more than 1800 articles to infer a taxonomy for conflict management techniques. We use this taxonomy to classify existing approaches to understand characteristics, shortcomings, and challenges on conflict management techniques in merging models. It also provides a solid foundation for future work in this area. We show that syntactic conflicts are the most studied type and that the top three popular conflict detection techniques are constraint violation, change overlapping, and pattern matching. We observe the lack of a comprehensive state-of-the-art comparison between academic or industrial tools, as well as the need for real-world case studies. Finally, we show that recent trends have focused on online collaboration, where teams of stakeholders work on large-scale models.

Translation & Validation of Deception as Conflict Management Technique Scale in Urdu

The study endeavors Urdu translation and validation of Deception as a Conflict Management Technique Scale (DCMTS). A total of 545 respondents were engaged for the two phased study through convenience sampling. Phase 1 involved forward and backward translation of DCMTS, Phase 2 established its psychometric properties. The reliability & validity of the scale was established using test-retest method & between language validity (English and Urdu versions) of DCMTS, in addition to convergent & discriminant validity with selected sub-scales of Personality Assessment Questionnaire (Urdu adult version). EFA shown factor structure with five principal dimensions; besides confirmatory factor analysis, GFI confirmed good fit of model to data with good values appearing for internal consistency. The findings authenticate that DCMTS is an easy-to-use tool & can be used by counselors and HR professionals to determine the possibility of use of deception. The DCMTS Urdu version will be helpful in clear understanding of the construct regarding the items for Urdu populaces. Keywords: Deception, Urdu translation, reliability and validity, factor analysis

The Role of Women in Indigenous Conflict Management in the Mokgalwaneng Village in the Moses Kotane Local Municipality, South Africa

Abstract Women have been occupied with managing conflicts in African indigenous communities. However, their contribution in conflict resolution has not been documented in South Africa. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the role of women in managing indigenous conflicts in the Mokgalwaneng community. The data were collected from 14 participants from the Mokgalwaneng community by means of semi-structured and unstructured interview guides and thematically analysed. Three main themes were identified: the types of indigenous conflict, causes of indigenous conflict and the role of women in indigenous conflict management in the Mokgalwaneng community. Findings revealed that there are several types of indigenous conflict in the area. Land, domestic, theft and adultery, fornication and rape were raised as the causes of conflict. Women used indigenous conflict management techniques such as accommodating, collaborating and compromising to manage indigenous conflicts in the area. Also, women in the Mokgalwaneng village assisted indigenous institutions of elders and traditional leaders in resolving conflicts. Although women played a role in the indigenous conflict management, they were being marginalised in relation to indigenous conflict management. This study recommended that gender inclusive conflict management policy should be introduced as this might help promote gender equality and alleviate gender bias.

Who killed Mr. Brown? A hospital murder mystery in a pharmacy skills course

Purpose To improve critical thinking skills and enhance team dynamics, a pilot study for inclusion of a murder mystery activity within the pharmacy practice skills laboratory was designed for student pharmacists. Methods In groups, students participated in a murder mystery activity and were assessed via rubrics to critically evaluate potential reasons for a patient’s death and find solutions for process improvements. Through an optional survey, students were asked about their group’s ability to work as part of a healthcare team, which included identification of conflict management techniques. Faculty used an inductive coding process on student feedback to identify strengths and opportunities for growth. Results All groups successfully completed the patient’s cause of death and root cause analysis. Overall, students agreed their teams worked well together in solving this mystery. Communication was found to be both a strength and a weakness among group members and many students were able to self-identify conflict management strategies that were utilized during the activities. Conclusion Use of a murder mystery activity in a pharmacy skills laboratory is a unique approach to foster development of critical thinking skills and highlights the complexity with which a healthcare team must operate together to provide patient care.