Conflict In Parent-child Relationships Research Articles

Identifying the risk of depression in a large sample of adolescents: An artificial neural network based on random forest.

This study aims to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) prediction model incorporating random forest (RF) screening ability for predicting the risk of depression in adolescents and identifies key risk factors to provide a new approach for primary care screening of depression among adolescents. The data were from a large cross-sectional study conducted in China from July to September 2021, enrolling 8635 adolescents aged 10-17 with their parents. We used the Patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) to rate adolescent depression symptoms, using scales and single-item questions to collect demographic information and other variables. Initial model variables screening used the RF importance assessment, followed by building prediction model using the screened variables through the ANN. The rate of depression symptoms in adolescents was 24.6%, and the depression risk prediction model was built based on 70% of the training set and 30% of the test set. Ten variables were included in the final prediction model with a model accuracy of 85.03%, AUC of 0.892, specificity of 89.79%, and sensitivity of 70.81%. The top 10 significant factors of depression risk were adolescent rumination, adolescent self-esteem, adolescent mobile phone addiction, peer victimization, care in parenting styles, overprotection in parenting styles, academic pressure, conflict in parent-child relationship, parental rumination, and relationship between parents. The ANN model based on the RF effectively identifies depression risk in adolescents and provides a methodological reference for large-scale primary screening. Cross-sectional studies and single-item scales limit further improvements in model accuracy.

Parent–child conflict and adolescent health literacy in Mexico: Results from a nationwide dyad study in Mexico

ABSTRACT Research suggests that health literacy (HL) is critical in preventing and managing health problems. However, over half of adults in Mexico report having inadequate health literacy. Research suggests the parent–child relationship can be a key predictor of developmental competencies; however, little research has examined how dyadic family interactions relate to HL. This study examined whether parent–child relationship conflict was associated with adolescent health literacy among families living in Mexico. Data from a parent–child dyads in Mexico were gathered using online surveys (N = 746, 373 parent–child dyads). Our findings suggested that child-reported family conflict–but not parent-reported family conflict – was associated with lower adolescent health literacy. Researchers and practitioners should consider how parent–child conflict may impact adolescent health outcomes, and prioritise child reports in data collection.

Changes in Children's Behavioral Health and Family Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and associated public health measures have influenced all aspects of life for children and families. In this study, we examine changes in children's behavioral health and families' well-being at the start of the pandemic. We used longitudinal data on 2880 children from 1 US state collected over 3 waves to compare family and child well-being before and after a state-wide stay-at-home advisory set in March 2020. We descriptively examined levels and changes in 4 child behavioral health outcomes (externalizing, internalizing, adaptive, and dysregulated behaviors) and 4 family well-being outcomes (parental mental health, parental stress, parent-child relationship conflict, and household chaos) across the preshutdown and postshutdown periods. Fixed effects regression models were used to predict within-child and within-family differences in preshutdown and postshutdown outcomes. Fixed effects analyses showed children's externalizing (0.09 points; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05-0.13), internalizing (0.04 points; 95% CI, 0.01-0.08), and dysregulated (0.11 points; 95% CI, 0.06-0.16) behaviors increased after the shutdown, whereas children's adaptive behaviors declined (-0.10 points; 95% CI, -0.15 to -0.05). Parental mental health issues (0.22 points; 95% CI, 0.17-0.27), parental stress (0.08 points; 95% CI, 0.03-0.12), parent-child relationship conflict (0.10 points; 95% CI, 0.04-0.16), and household chaos (0.10 points; 95% CI, 0.05-0.14) all increased relative to preshutdown levels. Many children experienced declines in behavioral health and many families experienced declines in well-being in the early months of the public health crisis, suggesting the need for family-focused and child-focused policies to mitigate these changes.

Longitudinal typologies of perceived parent-child conflict and their correlates in adolescence

The present study was designed to uncover longitudinal trajectory classes of perceived parent-child conflict that followed distinct developmental courses across late childhood and adolescence and their antecedents and outcome of smoking. Data were obtained from a large, nationally representative sample of two age cohorts, who were 2844 fourth graders (first wave, Mage = 9.86, SD = 0.35) and 3449 eighth graders (first wave, Mage = 13.79, SD = 0.42), surveyed at five and six time points, respectively, separated by a one-year interval in South Korea. Although the majority of the youth reported low to moderate levels of parent-child conflict, four and three trajectory groups were identified for the younger and the older cohorts, respectively. The younger cohort with higher levels of aggression, depressed mood, or academic stress in grade four was likely to belong to latent classes characterized by higher levels of perceived parent-child conflict, whereas the older cohort with higher levels of aggression and household income in grade eight was likely to be assigned to a latent subgroup with higher levels of perceived parent-child conflict. Overall, youth in latent classes characterized by lower levels of perceived parent-child conflict over time had a lower likelihood of smoking. These findings highlight the heterogeneous developmental pathways of perceived parent-child conflict throughout childhood and adolescence and suggest that higher conflict in parent-child relationships could result in ramifications for adolescent tobacco use. Thus, family-based programs to prevent smoking initiation in young people may incorporate interventions to address parent-child conflict.

And still WE rise: Parent-child relationships, resilience, and school readiness in low-income urban Black families.

The Family Stress Model acknowledges forms of resilience in the face of hardship; however, few studies have emerged on the potentially positive role of familial relationships in the academic, psychological, and prosocial success of impoverished Black children. The current study evaluates how parent-child relationship conflict and financial stress are associated with children's school readiness (i.e., academic, psychosocial, and socioemotional indicators). Latent profile analyses, incorporating financial stress, general stress, and parent-child relationship variables were used to test whether varying family stress profiles differentially predicted children's school readiness in Black families with children entering kindergarten (N = 292). Findings revealed 4 latent classifications with profiles of low, moderate, moderate/high, and high/moderate stress and conflict variables, respectively. Whereas the low-profile was associated with the most desirable school readiness indicators overall, children in the high/moderate-profile were rated as significantly more psychosocially and socioemotionally prepared for school than their moderate/high-profile counterparts. Families with less conflictual parent-child relationships had more optimal school readiness relative to families with higher conflict and less financial strain. The findings of the current study have the potential to contribute to theories of poverty and parent-child relationships, as well as guide therapeutic services focused on family relationships through school- and community-related programs for impoverished urban Black youth and their families. (PsycINFO Database Record

Observed parent-child relationship quality predicts antibody response to vaccination in children.

Quality of the parent-child relationship is a robust predictor of behavioral and emotional health for children and adolescents; the application to physical health is less clear. We investigated the links between observed parent-child relationship quality in an interaction task and antibody response to meningococcal conjugate vaccine in a longitudinal study of 164 ambulatory 10-11 year-old children; additional analyses examine associations with cortisol reactivity, BMI, and somatic illness. Observed Negative/Conflict behavior in the interaction task predicted a less robust antibody response to meningococcal serotype C vaccine in the child over a 6 month-period, after controlling for socio-economic and other covariates. Observer rated interaction conflict also predicted increased cortisol reactivity following the interaction task and higher BMI, but these factors did not account for the link between relationship quality and antibody response. The results begin to document the degree to which a major source of child stress exposure, parent-child relationship conflict, is associated with altered immune system development in children, and may constitute an important public health consideration.

THE ROLE OF FAMILY FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADAPTIVE ABILITIES OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL

Discusses the problem of development of adaptive abilities of graduates of schools. This paper discusses theoretical approaches to understanding the role of parental family in adaptation process. It is shown that the integral indicators of social and psychological adaptation depends on understanding of parental attitudes high school students , and the acceptability of the parental model determined by the level of conflict in the family. The use of complex techniques allowed us to study possible options for child-parent interaction (n = 40). In the case of identical types of parental behavior at display positive interest increase the values and adaptation possibilities. Ways of understanding of parental attitudes as a guideline, inconsistent, contradictory lead to reduction in integrative indicators of social and psychological adaptation. Also identified by sex - differences, it is shown that the most important for high school students has a positive perception of the father's position, as in the case of deviations difficult adaptation process, there is a trend toward a closed position to face interpersonal interaction. In the event of heightened conflict in parent-child relationship is noted difficult and unacceptable understanding of the parental role . The author comes to the conclusion that family factors play a significant role in the development of adaptive abilities. Applied aspect of research problem can be implemented in practice of psychological counseling services, and to develop programs to optimize the adaptation process. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2218-7405-2013-12-7

Early relationships and the development of children

One of the central issues in the field of infant mental health concerns the emergence of the self, in both robust and distorted forms. Various perspectives on when and how the self emerges have been proposed, with different investigators proposing a range of time tables and varying roles for innate capacities. Yet, all have agreed that, although a self cannot be proposed in the newborn, it somehow emerges as an organized structure in the early months or years of life. Moreover, there is agreement concerning a critical role for the caregiving matrix. Sander (e.g., 1975; 2000) proposed a most profound and compelling resolution of this paradoxical developmental emergent; namely, that the self is an outgrowth of the dyadic organization that preceded it. Sander allows a role for early emerging infant characteristics,which in dynamic systems terminology he describes as part of the “initiating conditions” of development. At the same time, he moves the spotlight to the nature and organization of early primary relationships; that is, the broader “system of which that individual is but a part” (Sander, 2000, p. 3). The organized self is a derivative of the organized complexity in which the infant participates, setting forth “enduring themes of organization” for personality development. Sander traces the process of this normative phenomenon and points the way to an understanding of early disturbance. At the turn of the century Freud, of course, had also stressed the importance of early relationships. However, he began with disturbance and worked backwards to normal development. Partly because of this, and partly because of the science of his times, he argued that there was inherent conflict in parent-child relationships, and he emphasized the negative drives and urges of the child. Healthy development, he thought, entailed minimizing frustration and curbing the negative impulses of children. In the relationships framework proposed by Sander, in contrast, the starting point is an understanding of normal development. Disturbance is seen as deviation, a derailment from typical pathways to be expected given reasonable supports for

The Clinical Dimension of Baby Games

Our longitudinal studies of infants from birth included interpersonal as an area in which reciprocity between the and his partners could be examined in fine detail. Observations of were recorded, along with all other data, in descriptive narratives by the observers in their twice-monthly home visits. Oncemonthly film documentation also included sequences. The included a large number of the traditional nursery and a number of which appeared to have no tradition and were inventions of the parents themselves. It was not until I completed the data sorting and constructed individual profiles for a study of human attachments that a story emerged. I then saw that there was a remarkable correspondence between the characteristics of the invented and the characteristics of parent-child interaction derived from all other observations in the area of human attachment. In many cases the conflictual elements in the parents' relationship to the infant, the defenses or the failure of defenses against negative and forbidden impulses, could be read as fairly through the profile as through the human attachment profile derived from all other sources of study. This is not to say, of course, that the provided as much information as the larger study, but rather that the were equivalent, in some ways, to a projective test in revealing the main lines of harmony and conflict in parent-child relationships. The children are blind, but our findings should not be interpreted as blind and parent games, rather as baby games in which parents at play reveal to the clinician some aspects of their conflicted parenthood. We can read the adaptive defenses