Confirmatory Factor Analysis Of Data Research Articles

The mental health self-direction scale: An abridged version and its sensitivity to change.

The Mental Health Self-Direction Scale (MHSD) measures the extent to which clients are able to resolve mental problems by themselves. Because this scale had not yet been evaluated, the aims of this paper were (a) to evaluate and improve the MHSD and (b) to explore the sensitivity to change of the improved scale. The MHSD was evaluated and improved by means of confirmatory factor analyses of data from one longitudinal and two cross-sectional outpatient sample. Inconsistent items were removed in a stepwise fashion. Subsequently, the scale's sensitivity to change was explored in the longitudinal sample by using latent growth curve models. The original 31-item scale was reduced to a more stable version with 19 items that yielded four factors named: actorship, demoralization, commitment, and understanding. Throughout clients' treatment, actorship and understanding tended to increase; demoralization tended to decrease; and commitment remained consistently high. The abridged MHSD scale is stable and sensitive to change. It measures the extent to which clients experience and develop self-direction throughout their treatment. With the use of the new MHSD scale, new views on mental health that emphasize clients' ability to actively engage and cope with health-challenges can be incorporated into clinical treatment.

Investigating the roles of middle leaders in New South Wales public schools: Factor analyses of the Middle Leadership Roles Questionnaire

This article reports on factor analyses of the Middle Leadership Roles Questionnaire – School Edition (MLRQ-SE) that were conducted to test a theoretical model. This work was completed as part of a larger study that investigated the roles of formal middle-leadership positions in public schools of New South Wales, Australia. Quantitative data from an adapted version of the MLRQ-SE, which was completed by 2608 employees in formal middle leader positions in NSW public schools, were factor analysed to identify theorised roles and thereby confirm an overarching model of middle leadership roles as well as assist with ongoing refinement of the instrument's scales. Exploratory factor analyses identified seven salient roles of middle leaders. Confirmatory factor analyses of data from the two largest position categories supported the seven-role model for assistant principals and head teachers. While the scales within the MLRQ-SE were based on a wide review of previous research, the data reported here is from one educational jurisdiction in one country. However, the findings provide evidence for the existence middle leader roles often theorised in literature but to date not confirmed empirically. The findings also hold implications for policy, practice and future research regarding leadership development and recruitment.

The Effect of Leader Perfectionism on Employee Deviance: An Interpersonal Relationship Perspective.

Despite growing evidence of significant role of leader perfectionism in the workplace, few theoretical accounts have delved into intricate dynamics of interpersonal relationships impacted by leader perfectionism, nor have they explored the extent to which these interactions might stimulate employee unethical behavior. From an interpersonal relationship perspective, based on interpersonal complementarity theory, this study proposes a link between leader perfectionism and employee deviant behavior while assessing the mediating impact of supervisor-subordinate relationship conflict, and the moderating influence of employee narcissism. This study employed three-wave surveys, with 335 employees (female 55.8%, 26-35 years old 67.4%, bachelor's degree 61.5%, worked 3-10 years 67.4%, worked with their current leader 1-5 years 66.3%) across 11 enterprises in Chinato reduce the risk of common method bias. On this basis, MPLUS 7.4 was used to test the confirmatory factor analysis of data, and SPSS 24.0 was used to test the hypotheses. (1) Leader perfectionism has a positive effect on supervisor-subordinate relationship conflict. (2) Leader perfectionism has a significantly positive effect on employee deviant behavior via supervisor-subordinate relationship conflict. (3) Employee narcissism positively moderates the relationship between leader perfectionism and supervisor-subordinate relationship conflict, and further positively moderates the indirect effect of leader perfectionism on employee deviant behavior via supervisor-subordinate relationship conflict. This study reveals the mechanism of how employee through deviant behavior as a opposition to leader perfectionism from an interpersonal relationship perspective, which provides theoretical and practical implications for reducing the negative impact of leader perfectionism and employee deviant behavior.

VALIDATION OF GEORGIAN VERSIONS OF BRIEF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY QUESTIONNAIRES

Background. This article presents the data validating Georgian versions of brief depression (CESD  Boston Form) and anxiety (GAD7) measures. These two scales have been widely used in English with  satisfactory validity and reliability and translated and used in many other languages, however, validation  reports of GAD7 are relatively rare and the present study is the first to validate the CESD Boston 10-item  Form in a language other than English. Methods. Data were collected from a sample of 889 Georgian young adults, who, among others, filled  out CESD Boston Form, GAD7, the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results. Confirmatory factor analysis of data indicated that one-factor solution provides a good fit for  both scales. A multi-group CFA supported at least partial configural, metric and scalar invariance across  gender. Both scales provide scores with high internal consistency. Discriminant validity for the CESD  Boston Form and the GAD7 was provided using their correlations with life satisfaction and self-esteem  measures that had been previously validated with Georgian samples. Conclusions. The present study has provided Georgian versions of two brief measures of internalizing  symptoms. These scales will help to satisfy the clinical assessment needs among Georgian mental health  professionals and will serve as a model for other societies with similar needs.

The Pain-Invalidation Scale: Measuring Patient Perceptions of Invalidation Toward Chronic Pain

Increasing evidence reveals the damaging impact of having one's chronic pain symptoms invalidated through disbelief, discrediting, and critical judgement. In other instances, a caregiver's over-attentiveness to the daily tasks of individuals with pain can be problematic, potentially undermining rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to develop an instrument to measure different aspects of invalidation perceived by people with chronic pain. Item generation was informed through literature review and a thematic analysis of narratives from 431 peer-reviewed articles. The crowdsourcing platform Prolific was used to distribute survey items to participants. In Study 1A, Principal Component Analysis was performed on data from 302 respondents, giving rise to 4 subscales, including: Invalidation by the Self, Invalidation by Immediate Others, Invalidation by Healthcare Professionals, and Invalidation by Over-attentive Others. Confirmatory Factor Analysis of data collected from another 308 individuals in Study 1B supported the 4-factor model of the Pain-Invalidation Scale (Pain-IS) and identified a best-fit model with 24 items. The Pain-IS was further validated in another 300 individuals in Study 2. The Pain-IS demonstrates sound psychometric properties and may serve as a valuable tool for use by clinicians in the detection of pain-invalidation issues, as a first step in patient pain management. PerspectiveLinks between pain-invalidation and pain levels, as well as functional detriment, highlight the importance of having one's chronic pain experience heard, believed, and accepted. The Pain-Invalidation Scale is designed to identify domains where invalidation of the patient's pain should be addressed to promote emotional processing, treatment adherence, and improved outcomes.

Development of Chinese College English Teachers' Psychological Empowerment Scale: A Validation Study.

Relevant research shows teachers’ “psychological power” plays a more essential role in promoting their professional development compared with the powers provided by various external factors, and it is therefore held that exploring college English teachers’ individual psychological power is of great significance. To this end, this study investigated college English teachers’ psychological empowerment (CETPE) via the development and validation of CETPE’s scale. Based on our literature review on psychological empowerment and analysis of teachers professional development’s status quo, we made a working definition of CETPE as a system involving perception of their occupation, sense of competence, experiencing of autonomy, judgment of their impact and understanding of their status. In our study, firstly the literature review and the interview with 17 college English teachers were adopted to conceptualize the dimensions of CETPE, and an exploratory factor analysis of data was conducted from 227 college English teachers and then the subsequent confirmatory factor analysis of data collected from another sample of 1030 generated 15 items belonging to five factors. The findings reveal that CETPE is systematically composed of teachers’ positive perception and experience of work meaningfulness, teaching autonomy, occupational competence, professional impact and social status. This study provides a new path for teachers’ professional development via strengthening their intrinsic driving force and thus helps improve the college English teaching effects.

Development and Validation of a Coparenting Scale for Parents with Preschoolers

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a coparenting scale for parents with preschoolers.Methods: Data were collected from a sample of Korean parents with children aged between 3-5 years. A total of 600 participants (300 for development and 300 for validation) were asked to answer questionnaires for the development and validation of a coparenting scale. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis.Results: A coparenting scale with 24 items was developed, which comprised four subscales: support (7 items), undermining (7 items), conflict (5 items), and communication (5 items). The scale was verified using both consequential and cross validity. First, the subscales of the scale showed a significant correlation with those of marital conflict, parenting stress, parenting, and preschoolers’ behavior problems. Next, confirmatory factor analysis of data from the second sample indicated adequate fit for the scale, suggesting that it could be applicable to parents with preschoolers with similar demographic backgrounds. Cronbach’s α ranged from .83 to .94, indicating a high level of internal consistency.Conclusion: This study involved developing a coparenting scale for parents with preschoolers and verifying its validity. This reliable and valid coparenting scale would be an invaluable tool for research in coparenting and the related fields such as parent consultation and parenting education.

Open thinking as a learning outcome of open education: scale development and validation

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a multidimensional open thinking scale (OTS) in order to measure adult learners’ open thinking as a key learning outcome of open educational practices (OEP) through a three-phase process of item generation, theoretical analysis, and psychometric analysis. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of data from 610 students in 24 countries revealed a clear structure consisting of six constructs of open thinking: openness to multiple perspectives, openness to new learning, openness to collaboration, openness to sharing, openness to change, and openness to diversity and inclusion. Known-groups validity tests showed that the more frequently a learner is exposed to OEP, the higher the OTS scores obtained. Results suggest that OTS could contribute to OEP and research by defining and elaborating on the concept of open thinking, exploring its relationship to learners’ OEP experiences, and measuring and developing students’ open thinking.

Supporting Learner Success: Revisiting Strategic Competence Through Developing an Inventory for Computer-Assisted Speaking Assessment.

This study investigated English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learners' strategic competence in the computer-assisted integrated speaking tests (CAIST) through the development and validation of the Strategic Competence Inventory for Computer-assisted Speaking Assessment (SCICASA). Based on our review of the literature on the CAIST, strategic competence, and available instruments for measuring the construct, we defined EFL learners' strategic competence in the CAIST as learners' use of four metacognitive strategies: Planning, problem-solving, monitoring, and evaluating, with each of them consisting of various components. These metacognitive strategies formulated the four factors and scale items of the SCICASA under validation. An exploratory factor analysis of responses from 254 EFL students and the subsequent confirmatory factor analysis of data collected on another sample of 242 students generated 23 items under the four factors. The high validity and reliability of the SCICASA reveal that EFL learners' strategic competence operates in the forms of the four metacognitive strategies in the CAIST. This will lend some new supporting evidence for Bachman and Palmer's (2010) strategic competence model while providing implications for metacognitive instructions and test development. Concomitantly, the findings show the inventory as a valid instrument for measuring strategic competence in computer-assisted foreign/second language (L2) speaking assessment and relevant research arenas and beyond.

Sources of value creation in aggregator platforms for digital services in agriculture - insights from likely users in Kenya

A fragmented digital agriculture ecosystem has been linked to the slow scale-out of digital platforms and other digital technology solutions for agriculture. This has undermined the prospects of digitalizing agriculture and increasing sectoral outcomes in sub-Saharan African countries. We conceptualized an aggregator platform for digital services in agriculture as a special form of digital platforms that can enhance the value and usage of digital technologies at the industry level. Little is known about how such a platform can create value as a new service ecology in agriculture. We set out to examine the underlying structure and prioritizations of value creation sources in such a platform from the perspective of likely users in Kenya. We used a parallel convergent mixed methods approach to the study. Confirmatory factor analysis of data from 405 respondents supported a two-factor structure, being an adaptation of the framework on value creation sources in e-Business by Amit, R., & Zott, C. (2001). We conceptualized the two factors as platform-wide efficiency and loyalty-centeredness. User experience related search costs were most impactful on platform-wide efficiency, while loyalty-centeredness was impacted most by providing guarantees for quality and reliability to platform users. Thematic analysis of 369 qualitative responses obtained platform inclusivity - comprising value chain coverage and digital inclusivity, as additional considerations for amplifying sector-wide benefits of an aggregator platform for digital services in agriculture. We discuss implications for policy and practice in the light of resource constraints and the promise to digitally transform agriculture in SSA countries.

Hierarchical dimensional models of psychopathology: yes, but….

Hierarchical dimensional models of psychopathology: yes, but….

Factor Structure and Longitudinal Measurement Invariance of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-Brief on a Filipino Sample

ABSTRACT The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale or FMPS is one of the first empirically validated measures of perfectionism. Cultural nuances demand that the efficiency of a short version of this scale, FMPS – Brief, be tested on an Asian sample. Given the wealth of studies that consistently linked perfectionism to academic achievement, research on the utility of this brief instrument especially with students from a collectivist background is needed. Confirmatory factor analysis of data from a sample of Filipino university students (N = 306) revealed that FMPS-Brief is a reliable and valid measure that can be used in an academic context. Aside from exhibiting the two-factor structure of perfectionism, the scale also displayed good internal consistency and convergent validity with another short version of a commonly used perfectionism measure, the Hewitt and Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. There was also evidence for the measurement invariance of FMPS-Brief across three time points. The brief scale can be used whenever the need for a short but psychometrically sound instrument for perfectionism arises.

Evidence for validity for the Cognitive Load Inventory for Handoffs.

Patient handovers remain a significant patient safety challenge. Cognitive load theory (CLT) can be used to identify the cognitive mechanisms for handover errors. The ability to measure cognitive load types during handovers could drive the development of more effective curricula and protocols. No such measure currently exists. The authors developed the Cognitive Load Inventory for Handoffs (CLIH) using a multi-step process, including expert interviews to enhance content validity and talk-alouds to optimise response process validity. The final version contained 28 items. From January to March 2019, we administered a cross-sectional survey to 1807 residents and fellows from a large health care system in the USA. Participants completed the CLIH following a handover. Exploratory factor analysis of data from one-third of respondents identified high-performing items; confirmatory factor analysis of data from the remaining sample assessed model fit. Model fit was evaluated using the comparative fit index (CFI) (>0.90), Tucker-Lewis index (TFI) (>0.80), standardised root mean square residual (SRMR) (<0.08) and root mean square of error of approximation (RMSEA) (<0.08). Participants included 693 trainees (38.4%) (231 in the exploratory study and 462 in the confirmatory study). Eleven items were removed during exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis of the 16 remaining items (five for intrinsic load, seven for extraneous load and four for germane load) supported a three-factor model and met criteria for good model fit: the CFI was 0.95, TFI was 0.93, RMSEA was 0.074 and SRMR was 0.07. The factor structure was comparable for gender and role. Intrinsic, extraneous and germane load scales had high internal consistency. With one exception, scale scores were associated, as hypothesised, with postgraduate level and clinical setting. The CLIH measures three types of cognitive load during patient handovers. Evidencefor validity is provided for the CLIH's content, response process, internal structure and association with other variables. This instrument can be used to determine the relative drivers of cognitive load during handovers in order to optimize handover instruction and protocols.

A validation study of the Job Crafting Scale among nurses in public hospitals in China

To verify the reliability and validity of the Job Crafting Scale among nurses in Chinese public hospitals. Job crafting is an important organisational variable for medical institutions. Although the Japanese and Spanish versions of the Job Crafting Scale are available, this scale has not been validated in Chinese nurses. A convenience sample of 2,095 registered hospital nurses was recruited from 25 provinces in mainland China from June 2019 to July 2019. Descriptive analyses were performed. Reliability and correlation analyses, exploratory factor analyses and confirmatory factor analyses of data collected using the Chinese version of the Job Crafting Scale were also conducted. The Chinese version of the Job Crafting Scale has good validity and reliability. The goodness-of-fit indices for confirmatory factor analysis were acceptable (CFI=0.933, NFI=0.927, TLI=0.920, IFI=0.933). The Cronbach α coefficient for the total scale was .920, and the coefficients for each dimension of this scale were between .804 and .894. The Chinese version of the Job Crafting Scale has good reliability and validity, which supports its use as an effective tool to measure the working level of job crafting among nurses in public hospitals in China. Nurse managers may use reliable and effective tools, including the Chinese version of the Job Crafting Scale, to determine the level of job crafting at their institutions and to develop effective interventions to improve it.

Why do you choose to teach Chinese as a second language? A study of pre-service CSL teachers’ motivations

Many countries are facing a shortage of modern language teachers, including teachers of Chinese as a second language (CSL), which is believed to relate to pre-service teachers’ motivations. Thus, this study aims to explore pre-service CSL teachers’ motivations and the background variables that might influence their motivations. The participants were 411 pre-service CSL teachers. A 33-item questionnaire adopted from the Factors Influencing Teaching Choice (FIT-Choice) scale was administered, including nine FIT-Choice subscales and two new subscales. First, exploratory factor analysis of data from the first random split-half sample of participants suggested a 6-factor structure, which was confirmed in the subsequent confirmatory factor analysis of data from the second random split-half sample of participants. The results show that pre-service CSL teachers had strong intrinsic value, cross-cultural value and altruistic value but weak extrinsic value. Second, structural equation modelling analysis was performed with questionnaire data from 296 participants who provided complete demographic information. Age, annual family income and frequency of contact with foreigners significantly predicted the participants’ motivations, yet their predictive power varied. The implications for understanding the theoretical framework of teacher motivation and the professional development of CSL teachers were discussed.

Conceptualising and measuring psychological preparedness for disaster: The Psychological Preparedness for Disaster Threat Scale

Most research on household disaster preparedness has focussed on physical, or material, preparation. Recently, researchers have turned attention to investigating psychological, or mental, preparedness for disasters. Reviews suggest that psychological preparedness comprises two broad mental dimensions or domains: a mostly cognitive aspect directed at the threat, involving knowledge of the threat environment and adaptive responses; and a mostly affective aspect involving self-awareness and emotional self-control. We located eight self-report measures of psychological preparedness, of which only three evidenced good psychometric properties. Of these, only the Psychological Preparedness for Disaster Threat Scale (PPDTS) developed by Zulch et al. (Psychological preparedness for natural disasters, 2012) seemed suitable for investigating psychological preparedness for disaster events in general in English-speaking contexts. A confirmatory factor analysis of data from a survey of 1253 Australian residents replicated the findings reported by Zulch et al. that the measure comprised two sub-scales: a 10-item Knowledge and Management sub-scale, and an 8-item Anticipation, Awareness and Management sub-scale. Evidence of both concurrent convergent and discriminant validity of the measure was found. The PPDTS appears to be a psychometrically sound self-report measure of householder psychological preparedness for a disaster event.

Consumers’ Usage intention towards Mobile Healthcare Applications (MHA): A study of select cities in India

This paper attempts to identify the factors influencing Consumers' usage intention towards mobile healthcare applications. There are many healthcare applications that are being launched in the market which would help consumers in preventing and curing the diseases. The promotional initiatives in healthcare market have made consumers conscious about their appearance and health such that demand for healthcare applications has increased considerably. Through thorough review of literature it wasfound that perception, trust and social factors influence usage intention of consumer patients towards mobile healthcare applications. The primary data has been collected from respondents belonging to region of Delhi- NCR, Chandigarh and Ludhiana. Smart PLS 2.0 software has been used for Confirmatory factor analysis of data where Correlation, t-statistics and composite reliability tests etc. have been applied. The results showed that perception, consumer trust and social factors influence the usage intention of consumers towards mobile healthcare applications. The mediation effect of consumer trust was also studied and it was found that there is partial mediation effect of consumer trust on both perception and social factors in relation to usage intention.

Factors Affecting Usage Intention of Mobile Banking: Empirical Evidence from Turkey

Purpose – Even conventional banking transactions were hard to leave for bank cus-tomers, due to the convenience of mobile banking, banking technologies have changed dramatically. Mobile banking technology adoption was late in Turkey; however it showed a much more rapid progress in comparison with developed countries. In this study, it is aimed to examine the effect of trust and service quality on mobile banking usage intention. Also, the effect of usage intention on perceived risk and benefit is in-tended to reveal. Design/methodology/approach – The data is collected from the individuals who benefit from the banking services in Turkey. Bank customers who live in different regions of Turkey constitute the sample of the study. The research data was collected by survey and convenience sampling is used as a sampling method. Structural Equation Modeling has been used as a research method and data were tested in terms of validity and reliability through data confirmatory factor analysis. Results – Research findings revealed that trust and quality factors are highly associ-ated with intention to use mobile banking. Furthermore, intention to use decreases the perceived risk and increases the perceived benefit. Discussion – Banks should pay attention on mobile banking security system to increase the number of mobile banking users. Also, service quality such as ease-of-use, visual appeal and information relevancy helps them to create mobile banking usage intention. Moreover, customers’ mobile banking usage intention has an impact on perceived ben-efit and perceived risk that it lessens perceived risk and increases perceived benefit.

Measuring health information seeking challenges in chronic disease: A psychometric analysis of a brief scale.

Information seeking is a cornerstone of patient activation in chronic disease self-management. To date, there are few brief and literacy-sensitive tools to measure intrinsic barriers of health information seeking. The Health Information National Trends Survey includes four items from the Information Seeking Experiences scale to measure frustration, effort, concern, and comprehension of information sought during a recent medical/health information search. Limited evidence exists for its construct validity and use in primary data collection in chronic disease. This measurement study examines the psychometric properties of the scale. Qualtrics Panelists with at least one chronic disease (N = 684) participated in an online survey. The average score was M = 12.85 (SD = 3.97), indicating a moderate degree of health information seeking challenges. Confirmatory factor analysis of data collected using this scale supported unidimensionality (RMSEA = .03; CFI/TLI = .99/.99). There was adequate scale (ω = .83) and item (value = .98) reliabilities. Rasch analyses showed optimal measurement error and response predictability with item-fit (values = .80-1.20). Response option "agree" was less likely to be selected than any other response option, although not posing a threat to scale reliability. Results demonstrate that this brief scale has sufficient measurement properties for its use as a measure of intrinsic health information seeking barriers among patients with chronic disease.

Bisexual Women's Experience of Microaggressions and Microaffirmations: A Community-Based, Mixed-Methods Scale Development Project.

In order to better serve bisexual women, clinicians and researchers need tools that accurately reflect and capture bisexual women's experiences of stigma and affirmation. These tools are essential as research indicates that bisexual women experience poorer mental health than either heterosexual or lesbian women. Our community-based study developed and psychometrically evaluated the Bisexual Microaggression and Microaffirmation Scales for Women (BMMS-W). We held focus groups and advisory committee meetings with bisexual women to identify common experiences of microaggressions and microaffirmations and drafted over 200 potential survey items. Exploratory factor analysis of data from 382 participants across Canada and the U.S. yielded five microaggression factors (dismissal; mistrust; sexualization; social exclusion; and denial of complexity) and four microaffirmation factors (acceptance; social support; recognition of bisexuality and biphobia; and emotional support). Confirmatory factor analysis of data from a separate sample of 323 participants across Canada and the U.S. tested the model. The development of the BMMS-W responds to calls to examine the distinctiveness of bisexual women's experience and gives mental health service providers and researchers a tool to better understand their experiences.