Configuration Protocol Research Articles

Riding the waves of uncertainty: Towards strategic agility in medicine supply systems

AbstractWe investigate how organizations embedded in a supply system collectively respond to risks and seize opportunities arising from crisis events under shifting forms of uncertainty. Using the United Kingdom (UK) medicine supply system as the research context, we explore how decision‐makers navigated the effects of an event with knowable implications (UK's European Union exit, 2016–2020) followed by an event with unknowable implications (COVID‐19 global pandemic, 2020–2021). We adopt a longitudinal case research design that incorporates causal loop diagramming, to understand the system's responses. We find that learning evolves as crisis events unfold, changing from surface (know‐what) to deep (know‐why and ‐how) and at the highest level, it is transcendent. Transcendent learning entails understanding system effects into the future (i.e., beyond the past and present) and in relation to other supply systems (i.e., beyond the UK system). Capabilities to absorb, avoid, and accelerate away from shocks are developed sequentially as learning changes. We contribute to prior research by developing a theory of system‐level strategic agility and the adaptation processes that underpin it. The latter hinge on dynamic resource (re)allocation and the continuous (re)configuration of processes, protocols, regulations, and structures.

Whole-Body Vibration (WBV) as a Conditioning Activity for Roundhouse Kick (mawashi geri) Performance in Karate.

Karate athletes strategically use lower-limb techniques in combat, with the roundhouse kick (mawashi geri) being highly effective in kumite. To quickly improve the technical performance before training or competitions, conditioning activities (CAs) are often utilized. Recently, Whole-Body Vibration (WBV) has emerged as a potential conditioning activity (CA). This study aimed to analyze the acute effects of WBV as a CA on the performance of the mawashi geri. The sample included sixteen male karate athletes. The study had a familiarization and two experimental sessions: one with WBV and the other without (NWBV), conducted randomly and counterbalanced, each preceded and followed by a mawashi geri assessment on a force platform. During the CA intervention, the participants performed four sets of isometric half-squats on a vibration platform at a frequency of 26 Hz and an amplitude of 4 mm in the WBV condition, while the platform was off in the NWBV condition. A significant reduction in the mawashi geri attack phase time was observed under the WBV condition [pre: 0.31 ± 0.03 s; post: 0.30 ± 0.03 s] compared to the NWBV condition [pre: 0.31 ± 0.04 s; post: 0.32 ± 0.03 s] (p = 0.02). However, no differences were noted regarding the impact force or other kinetic variables between the conditions. Therefore, WBV did not increase the performance of the kinetic and kinematic variables of the mawashi geri in karate athletes, but it is possible that there is a positive effect on attack time, suggesting that further studies with different vibration protocol configurations would be beneficial.

Analysis of Networking Tools Using Cisco Packet Tracer (CPT)

This study aims to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of network devices using Cisco Packet Tracer (CPT) as a simulation tool. CPT is a widely utilized network simulation software, commonly employed for designing and testing network configurations prior to real-world implementation. This research investigates various network topologies to assess the performance of devices such as routers, switches, and end devices. The research methodology encompasses the design of network scenarios, device configuration, and testing of various network protocols. The analysis reveals that CPT is capable of accurately replicating most functions and behaviors of network devices, providing a clear depiction of network performance under different conditions. The findings suggest that CPT serves as an effective and efficient tool for both educational purposes and network planning, despite certain limitations in features and realism when compared to actual hardware. This study is expected to offer valuable insights for professionals and academics in understanding and optimizing network design before deployment in real-world environments.

Development of a prototype to evaluate and monitor energy efficiency aiming at power quality 4.0

In research and development projects, the need to implement prototypes to speed up the development and delivery process is paramount, offering tools to validate scenarios and anticipate challenges. The aim of this research is to experimentally develop a prototype for monitoring electrical power systems using a gateway that converts MODBUS-RTU communication protocols to TCP, providing useful information for technicians and managers of a company in the Manaus Industrial Estate (PIM) in the field of reflective tapes. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to specify the technical requirements for panel assembly and communication via MODBUS, acquire and research materials in accordance with the technical specifications and technological requirements, implement the monitoring system with an IMS Controller for reactive power compensation, and configure and parameterise the MODBUS protocol via the RTU to TCP converter. The prototype is expected to be able to take accurate measurements and, in the data acquisition process, obtain readings of electrical quantities such as: voltage per phase; current per phase; power factor per phase; active power per phase; reactive power per phase; apparent power per phase; frequency; voltage THD and voltage harmonics. The prototype must act intelligently to drive the capacitor bank to control and monitor reactive power. The development of the prototype included crucial stages such as the specification of technical requirements, the acquisition of suitable materials, and the implementation and configuration of the system. The specification ensured that the components were aligned with the project objectives, while the procurement of materials ensured the quality and efficiency of the system. The implementation of the Automatic Reactive Power Compensation Controller was vital for reactive power compensation and the configuration of the MODBUS protocol ensured precise communication between the components. To summarise, this project demonstrates the importance of prototypes in technological advancement, offering practical and efficient solutions for industry. The prototype developed to monitor electrical power systems through a MODBUS-RTU to TCP protocol converter gateway represents a significant advance, providing essential data and contributing to informed decision-making, improving the performance and management of the company's energy resources.

The Comprehensive Review: Internet Protocol (IP) Address a Primer for Digital Connectivity

The Internet Protocol (IP) is the rule book that governs how data is addressed and routed across networks on the internet. Think of it as the postal system for the digital world. This addressing system allows routers, the digital mail carriers, to efficiently transfer packets between devices and networks until they reach their destination. It ensures data reaches the right place by assigning addresses and enabling efficient routing. IP also encompasses various protocols and services, such as ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) for error reporting and diagnostics, and DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) for automatic IP address assignment. Additionally, IP can be configured to support different transmission modes, including uni-cast, multicast, and broadcast, catering to diverse communication requirements. Adopting technology that has been researched and developed commercially offers the military a cost-effective method of implementation. IP systems enable the forces to share a common network that supports voice, video, and data sharing. This systematic review article initially highlighted the basics on IP and lastly the brief discussion regards data gram format, NAT, IPv4, IPV6 IP fragmentation, CIDR, TCP and UDP individually.

Reconfigurable CAN Intrusion Detection and Response System

The controller area network (CAN) remains the de facto standard for intra-vehicular communication. CAN enables reliable communication between various microcontrollers and vehicle devices without a central computer, which is essential for sustainable transportation systems. However, it poses some serious security threats due to the nature of communication. According to caranddriver.com, there were at least 150 automotive cybersecurity incidents in 2019, a 94% year-over-year increase since 2016, according to a report from Upstream Security. To safeguard vehicles from such attacks, securing CAN communication, which is the most relied-on in-vehicle network (IVN), should be configured with modifications. In this paper, we developed a configurable CAN communication protocol to secure CAN with a hardware prototype for rapidly prototyping attacks, intrusion detection systems, and response systems. We used a field programmable gate array (FPGA) to prototype CAN to improve reconfigurability. This project focuses on attack detection and response in the case of bus-off attacks. This paper introduces two main modules: the multiple generic errors module with the introduction of the error state machine (MGEESM) module and the bus-off attack detection (BOAD) module for a frame size of 111 bits (BOAD111), based on the CAN protocol presenting the introduction of form error, CRC error, and bit error. Our results show that, in the scenario with the transmit error counter (TEC) value 127 for switching between the error-passive state and bus-off state, the detection times for form error, CRC error, and bit error introduced in the MGEESM module are 3.610 ms, 3.550 ms, and 3.280 ms, respectively, with the introduction of error in consecutive frames. The detection time for BOAD111 module in the same scenario is 3.247 ms.

Pemanfaatan Mikrotik RB942-2ND Menggunakan Metode Firewall Filtering Untuk Keamanan Jaringan Dengan Model Forensikk

Nowadays as demand for fast and effective services increases, global technological and telecommunications developments also increase. Every village office, one of which is Belo Laut, must have an internet network to serve the community in accessing community data, therefore the development of technology and telecommunications is also very important for the government. To create a safe and effective internet network, this network security system uses Mikrotik with the Firewall Filtering method. The research problem is how to design and build network security in the Belo Laut village office area using Mikrotik to prevent the negative impacts of the internet, such as sites with adult content. Layer 7 protocol configuration and Filter Rules are included in blocking. Based on the keywords that have been determined, the test results show that Mikrotik has succeeded in blocking sites or websites that contain adult content.

Wireless Sensor Network for Smart Education: Design, Architecture, and Implementation

Abstract: This paper delineates the design, architecture, and implementation of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) tailored for smart education environments. As educational institutions increasingly integrate technology to enhance pedagogical practices and operational efficiency, the deployment of WSNs presents substantial advantages. The study initiates with an examination of fundamental design considerations, encompassing energy efficiency, scalability, data security, and user experience. It proposes a comprehensive architecture that includes sensor nodes, communication protocols, network topology, base stations, and cloud integration to facilitate effective data collection and processing. Key implementation strategies are detailed, including sensor node deployment, communication protocol configuration, cloud server setup, and user training. The paper underscores the suitability of routing protocols such as LEACH, AODV, and Directed Diffusion for educational applications, highlighting their efficacy in achieving energy-efficient and reliable data transmission. This research elucidates the potential of WSNs to foster interactive, adaptive, and resource-optimized educational environments, providing valuable insights into their practical deployment and benefits in contemporary educational settings.

Implementation of DHCP Snooping Method to Improve Security on Computer Networks

This research proposes the DHCP Snooping method which is used to increase security on computer networks because Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a potential target for computer network attacks, one of the attack gaps that can occur in DHCP is the DHCP Rogue attack which is the simplest hacking method in which the attacker creates a fake DHCP connected to the core network allowing the hacker to set up a fake DHCP Server with full access to distribute IP addresses to clients. To address security gaps in computer networks in this research, researchers applied the DHCP Snooping method, which is a series of techniques to improve DHCP network security. When the DHCP server allocates IP addresses to clients on the LAN, DHCP Snooping can be configured on the LAN switch to allow only clients with certain IP and MAC addresses to have access to the network. By implementing the DHCP Snooping method you can increase security on computer networks where DHCP Snooping can distinguish which ports can be trusted (Trusted Port) and which ports cannot be trusted (Untrusted Port) so that the security of data and information in the computer network is maintained properly. Based on the results of this research, DHCP Snooping can prevent clients from getting DHCP IPs from DHCP Rouge because it has determined Trusted Port and Untrusted Port.

Optimizing block configuration and operation protocol for extra-long metro trains

In many densely populated mega-cities around the world, metro systems are becoming overly saturated by the ever-increasing travel demand, which results in overcrowded stations, excessive delay, and unsafe anxieties among riders. The concept of extra-long trains (i.e., trains longer than station platforms) was recently proposed in the literature as a promising way to increase a metro line’s capacity without additional infrastructure construction. This paper develops a general modeling framework to optimize train block configuration and operation protocols of a metro line so that extra-long trains can be used under varying demand distribution and infrastructure setting. The design problem is formulated as the integration of two coupled vehicle routing problems which simultaneously optimizes the train block configuration plan, door opening strategy, stop skipping strategy, and train dispatch schedule. This paper proposes two customized solution methods, including an adapted savings heuristic and a destroy-and-repair algorithm. A series of hypothetical examples are tested to demonstrate how the proposed solution approaches outperform an existing commercial solver even for small to moderate problem instances. Moreover, two real-world case studies, with very different demand patterns from two continents, are presented to test the effectiveness of using extra-long trains. Our results show that a metro line with extra-long train operations is capable of serving up to 20%–30% more passenger demand as compared to that with only regular trains, while at the same time producing a similar or lower passenger average travel time.

Strategic Network Management for Modern Campuses: A Comprehensive Framework

Campus handling of networks has become critical in the continuously changing world of higher education. This paper offers a thorough method for managing and safeguarding networks in a campus setting with multiple departments. Our approach focuses on four departments: the administrative, civil, computer science and engineering (CSE), and electrical and electronics engineering (EEE) departments. It combines multiple networking technologies to improve security and maximize speed. Network division using virtual LANs (VLANs), efficient IP address allocation using Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSM), simplified network configuration using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), dynamic routing using Routing Information Protocol version 2 (RIPv2), granular access control using Access Control Lists (ACLs), enhanced security using Network Address Translation (NAT), secure remote access using Secure Shell version 2 (SSHv2), and improved network resilience through Link Aggregation are the main components of our system.

Advancements in Motorcycle Safety: Automatic Helmet Detection Systems Through Machine Learning

Motorcycle accidents are a huge concern today. The number of accidents occurring every day has increased rapidly which in turn results in loss of lives. One of the main factors in these fatal accidents is the lack of use of helmets. Even though the use of a helmet is mandatory people fail to follow it which causes these unfortunate events. The government has taken various initiatives regarding the increase in the use of helmets by creating awareness and also increasing the fines but people seem to be least bothered. To tackle these situations, we propose an automated solution for helmet detection on motorcyclists using a combination of techniques like YOLO and CNN. The combination of You Only Look Once (YOLO) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) helps to efficiently identify the helmets from the real-time datasets. The proposed system will help traffic police by reducing their work and automating the imposition of fines. As the techniques are used in combination, the accuracy and the degree of reliability of our system are higher compared to single techniques-based implementations. Key Words: Open CV-Open-Source Computer Vision Library ,CNN-Convolutional Neural Network ,OCR-Optical Character Recognition ,YOLO-You Only Look Once ,IOU-Intersection over Union ,DHCP-Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol ,DDNS-Dynamic Domain Name System ,PoE-Power over Ethernet ,API-Application Programming Interface.

Improving Software Defined Network controllers in a multi-vendor environment

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging networking paradigm with the potential to foster innovation through programmable networks. SDNs are characterized by the separation of control and data planes where, in a logically centralized controller, it's possible to make routing decisions on behalf of forwarding elements. For this, there are different protocols proposed and used like Open Flow, Forward and Control Element Separation (FORCES), Path Computation Element Protocol (PCEP), Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF), and Interface to Routing System (IRS), among others. Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is one such protocol that enables the network programmability promised by SDNs. The controllers used in BGP as control plane protocols leverage RESTCONF (RFC 8040) as management plane protocol to interact with physical routers, switches, and network service firewalls. Therefore, the aim of this work is to improve the performance of SDN controllers using BGP enabling a multi-vendor environment without requiring infrastructure upgrade showcasing how interoperability can be achieved. The proposed system is implemented using OpenDaylight controllers. The performance of the prototype is evaluated using Latency, Throughput, CPU consumption, and TTL (Time to Live). Based on the simulation results it is observed that the SDN controllers that use BGP show average throughput of 49.6 Gbps, maximum latency of 7 μs, and average CPU consumption 89% and maximum TTL value of 600 msec. The overall performance of the proposed system shows better results when compared with previous works.

A obtenção direta do VO2máx não é influenciada pela característica dos protocolos de teste de esforço máximo

The values of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) obtained indirectly are influenced by the characteristic or exercise protocol configuration. However, it is unclear in the literature if this prerogative is true when VO2max is measured directly. The objective was to compare the values of VO2max and maximal heart rate (HRmax) obtained through a maximum incremental protocol (Tmax) and a continuous time to exhaustion (TLim) protocol, based on the power of the VO2max. Twelve males cyclists (Age = 36,0 ± 9,3 years; height = 173,2 ± 5,9 cm; mass = 78,5 ± 10,7 kg), trained for regional proves of long distance participated in the study. A Tmax was performed on the cycle ergometer with increments of 22.5 W every minute, with an initial load of 157.5 W maintaining a standard rotation of 90 RPM. TLim was performed at the same rotation until exhaustion from the lowest occurrence power of VO2max (PVO2max). Student's t-test was used to compare the dependent variables (p≤0.05). There was no significant difference in the obtained values of VO2max and HRmax (TMax = 45.02 ± 7.21 ml · kg-1 · min-1 vs. TLim = 44.17 ± 7.21 ml · kg-1 · min-1) e (HRTmax = 182.9 ± 9.2 bpm vs. HRTLim = 181.3 ± 7.5 bpm), respectively, when compared both tests. The TLim on PVO2Max provided reliable values of VO2max and HRmax, and a shorter total test time performed, compared to a maximal incremental protocol.

Wireless network handheld terminal-based green ecological sustainable design evaluation system: Improved data communication and reduced packet loss rate

Abstract In response to the challenge of high packet loss rates due to poor mobility of PCs, we introduce a sustainable design evaluation system centered around wireless network handheld terminals. This system combines hardware components, including microprocessor and wireless communication modules, to achieve wireless data transmission and program debugging. In the software domain, a configurable communication protocol is employed to establish an ecological data communication module supporting wireless network handheld terminals. Leveraging real-time monitoring data from multiple points, we introduce an information fusion algorithm and construct a green ecological sustainability design evaluation model. Notably, experimental results reveal that our system outperforms alternatives based on sensor and RFID technologies. It exhibits a lower packet loss rate and extends the distance of zero packet loss, highlighting its advantages in data communication.

Experimental and analytical studies on a novel double-stage coupling damper

A series of experimental and numerical studies on the novel double-stage coupling damper (DSCD) are presented in this paper. The effects of the damper configuration, friction-yield ratio (Rfy), and loading protocol on the hysteresis performance of the DSCD are investigated via quasi-static tests on seven specimens, and the variation in the failure mode, compression-strength adjustment factor, energy dissipation capacity, and equivalent viscous damping ratio of the DSCD is discussed. The test results demonstrate that the arrangement of ribs in the DSCD increased the average energy dissipation per loading cycle, compared to the device without these elements. The damper exhibits double-stage energy dissipation characteristics for several friction-yield ratios, however, relatively low values of this parameter (Rfy = 0.5) leads to reduced energy dissipation capacity, due to significant variations in the friction force associated with creep, ploughing, and preload effect. Furthermore, a detailed finite element model of the DSCD is conducted based on the experimental data, focusing on exploring the effectiveness of the device. Numerical analysis revealed that the cumulative energy dissipation and peak force of the DSCD reduced with increasing the length of the friction mechanism (Lf). A large clearance between the yield segment and the restraining system (Cb) reduces the stability of the equivalent viscous damping ratio of the damper under compression, but Cb has no effect in the cumulation energy dissipation of the damper, which has important implications in the design of these devices for the seismic control of structures. Based on these results design recommendations for the DSCD are provided.

Prolonged Exposure to Remdesivir Inhibits the Human Ether-A-Go-Go-Related Gene Potassium Current.

Remdesivir, approved for the treatment of COVID-19, has been associated with heart-rate corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation and torsade de pointes in case reports. However, data are conflicting regarding the ability of remdesivir to inhibit the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) -related current. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects remdesivir and its primary metabolite, GS-441524, on hERG-related currents. Human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably expressing hERG were treated with various concentrations of remdesivir and GS-441524. The effects of acute and prolonged exposure on hERG-related current were assessed using whole-cell configuration of voltage-clamp protocols. Acute exposure to remdesivir and GS-441524 had no effect on hERG currents and the half-activation voltage (V 1/2 ). Prolonged treatment with 100 nM and 1 µM remdesivir significantly reduced peak tail currents and hERG current density. The propensity for remdesivir to prolong QTc intervals and induce torsade de pointes in predisposed patients warrants further investigation.

A Novel Approach for Enhanced Network Formation in 6TiSCH-based IoT Low-Power and Lossy Networks

The Internet of Things – Low-Power and Lossy Networks (IoT-LLN) can operate with low power consumption and support reliable communication even in noisy and congested environments. Minimal 6TiSCH Configuration (6TiSCH-MC) and Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) protocols bootstrap the IoT-LLN with minimum resources. The 6TiSCH and RPL protocols transmit different control messages for network bootstrapping and maintenance. The 6TiSCH-MC allows only a single minimal cell in each slotframe for transferring and receiving control messages. All network-associated nodes transmit their control messages simultaneously, using the same channel, which leads to collisions. Due to these control message collisions, new nodes waiting to associate with the network are not receiving the required control messages. It delays network formation, and nodes consume more energy. This research work proposes Two Minimal Cells with Dynamic ChannelOffset (TMDC) to overcome the bootstrapping issue of the 6TiSCH-MC. The TMDC increases the minimal cell count to two and provides mutual synchronization between parent and child nodes for transmitting and receiving control messages. The Contiki-NG's COOJA simulator was used for extensive simulation analysis. The TMDC bootstraps networks quicker with less energy and associates more nodes into the network than the 6TiSCH-MC.

Toward Automatic Inference of Glycan Linkages Using MSn and Machine Learning─Proof of Concept Using Sialic Acid Linkages.

Glycosidic linkages in oligosaccharides play essential roles in determining their chemical properties and biological activities. MSn has been widely used to infer glycosidic linkages but requires a substantial amount of starting material, which limits its application. In addition, there is a lack of rigorous research on what MSn protocols are proper for characterizing glycosidic linkages. In this work, to deliver high-quality experimental data and analysis results, we propose a machine learning-based framework to establish appropriate MSn protocols and build effective data analysis methods. We demonstrate the proof-of-principle by applying our approach to elucidate sialic acid linkages (α2'-3' and α2'-6') in a set of sialyllactose standards and NIST sialic acid-containing N-glycans as well as identify several protocol configurations for producing high-quality experimental data. Our companion data analysis method achieves nearly 100% accuracy in classifying α2'-3' vs α2'-6' using MS5, MS4, MS3, or even MS2 spectra alone. The ability to determine glycosidic linkages using MS2 or MS3 is significant as it requires substantially less sample, enabling linkage analysis for quantity-limited natural glycans and synthesized materials, as well as shortens the overall experimental time. MS2 is also more amenable than MS3/4/5 to automation when coupled to direct infusion or LC-MS. Additionally, our method can predict the ratio of α2'-3' and α2'-6' in a mixture with 8.6% RMSE (root-mean-square error) across data sets using MS5 spectra. We anticipate that our framework will be generally applicable to analysis of other glycosidic linkages.

A Scalable and Area-Efficient Configuration Circuitry for Semi-Custom FPGA Design

Configuration circuitry is an essential component of a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) fabric, which enables the configuration of each programmable logic and takes over 40% of the FPGA chip area. Following the recent trends of automated custom FPGA design, it is essential to study the impact on the area and power of the configuration circuitry. This study compares the performance of different configuration circuitries using a strictly automated and complete standard cell-based semi-custom design methodology. We leverage an open-source framework, OpenFPGA, and extended it to support two configuration protocols: shift-register-based configuration (SRC) and memory-bank-based configuration (MBC) circuitries and their variants. We proposed area optimization strategies to improve the physical implementation of each configuration circuitry. Our results show that compared with naive SRC implementation, the proposed optimization strategies minimize the area overhead by more than 30% and power dissipation during programming by 20%. Whereas compared with MBC implementation, the optimized SRC implementation requires approximately a similar area. However, considering the more practical implementation of MBC with the write-verify functionality with optimized SRC implementation, the MBC implementation requires an 11% higher area and 30% higher routing wirelength, but results in a 62% reduction in the power dissipation during programming.