Configuration Mode Research Articles

Study on the Sand Reduction Effect of Slope Vegetation Combination in Loess Areas

Slope erosion in the Loess Plateau region has long been a concern, and vegetation plays an important role in slowing down erosion and controlling sedimentation. However, a single vegetation model shows some limitations when facing complex natural conditions and variable rainfall events. Therefore, this study investigated the influence mechanism of vegetation configuration on slope sand production at different slopes through theoretical analyses and indoor experiments. The results of the study showed that certain factors, such as vegetation configuration mode, flow rate, runoff power, runoff velocity, and runoff shear, are closely related to slope runoff sand production. The specific findings are as follows: (1) Under the condition of slope gradient of 2°, the sand reduction effect of the rigid–flexible single-row staggered configuration is the most significant, and the sediment production is reduced by 29.89%. (2) With the increase in the slope gradient and flow rate, the sand production on the slope surface rises significantly, and when the slope gradient is increased from 2° to 6°, the average sand production is increased from 1.43 kg to 2.51 kg.(3) The erosion reduction effects of different vegetation configurations were in the order of rigid–flexible single-row staggered combination > flexible vegetation single combination > rigid–flexible double-row staggered combination > rigid vegetation single combination > upstream rigid downstream flexible combination > bare slope. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the vegetation configuration for effective sand reduction and provides an important reference for the sustainable development of the Yellow River Basin.

Engineering Interfacial Molecular Interactions on Ag Hollow Fibre Gas Diffusion Electrodes for High Efficiency in CO2 Conversion to CO.

The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) occurs at the nanoscale interface of the electrode-electrolyte. Therefore, tailoring the interfacial properties in the interface microenvironment provides a powerful strategy to optimise the activity and selectivity of electrocatalysts towards the desired products. Here, the microenvironment at the electrode-electrolyte interface of the flow-through Ag-based hollow fibre gas diffusion electrode (Ag HFGDE) is modulated by introducing surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the electrolyte additive. The porous hollow fibre configuration and gas penetration mode facilitate the CO2 mass transfer and the formation of the triple-phase interface. Through the ordered arrangement of hydrophobic long-alkyl chains, CTAB molecules at the electrode/electrolyte interface promoted CO2 penetration to active sites and repelled water to reduce the activity of competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). By applying CTAB-containing catholyte, Ag HFGDE achieved a high CO Faradaic efficiency (FE) of over 95 % in a wide potential range and double the partial current density of CO. The enhancement of CO selectivity and suppression of hydrogen was attributed to the improvement of charge transfer and the CO2/H2O ratio enhancement. These findings highlight the importance of adjusting the local microenvironment to enhance the reaction kinetics and product selectivity in the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction CO2RR.

Radiation influence on planar reconfigurable field effect transistor low noise amplifier performance

Abstract Many novel devices have been proposed in the literature to mitigate the short channel effect and the reconfigurable FET (RFET) is one of them. The circuits based on new devices need to be investigated when they are introduced. This work has two parts: (i) designing cascoded RFET low noise amplifiers (LNA) and their performance analysis; and (ii) single-event performance analysis of RFET-LNAs. The designed LNA has a gain of 12 dB and a noise figure of 2.42 dB. The device in the common gate configuration mode is more susceptible to heavy ion radiation and collects more charge (QC) compared to the device in the common source configuration mode. Through temporal and frequency analysis, the irradiation disturbance is examined. In the temporal analysis, the collected charge (QC) is used as a metric, and the spectrogram is used in the frequency analysis.

An experimental-cohesive zone model approach to predict fatigue life of adhesive joints with varying modes of loading and joint configurations for automotive applications

ABSTRACT Predictive fatigue life models of adhesive joints are necessary to enable the assessment of automotive-bonded structures while reducing costly experimental testing. However, contemporary models have typically been calibrated for specific joint configurations and modes of loading, limiting their applicability to large-scale structures. Additionally, available models are based on simulation of cumulative fatigue cycling, making them computationally prohibitive. In the current study, cross-tension (CT) (load angles of 0°, 45°, and 90°) and single-lap shear joint (SLJ) configurations were bonded using an epoxy adhesive (BetaGuard CI6125R; PPG, France) used in automotive production (one part) and tested under fatigue cyclic loading. A total of nine joint configurations, having symmetrical (same material and thickness) and asymmetrical (dissimilar material or unequal thickness) joints, were tested. Fatigue tests at load levels between 25% and 75% of the static peak load were performed until joint failure or to runout (two million load cycles). The static tests of the joints were simulated to failure using finite element (FE) models with the cohesive zone method (CZM). The maximum strain energy release rates ( G max ) were calculated within the adhesive bond line at static loads corresponding to the peak loads of the fatigue tests. The G max values, computed from single cycle, specimen-specific FE simulations, were correlated with the measured fatigue life ( N f ) of the adhesive joints with varying modes of loading and joint configurations. The fatigue life prediction model, based on G max − N f correlation and following a crack propagation approach, predicted the cycles to failure for 85% of the fatigue tests, and 81% of the independent validation tests. The proposed fatigue life prediction approach provides computational efficiency and large-scale compatibility.

A Novel Self‐Reconfigurable Battery Pack Design with and without Active Cell Balancing

In electric vehicle industry, rechargeable multicell battery packs commonly with fixed configurations are adopted. Such fixed battery configurations have several drawbacks, including limited fault tolerance during unusual operating situations, poor cell state variation management, etc. Thus, this article proposes a self‐reconfigurable battery pack design considering two scenarios: with and without active cell balancing. Herein, the issue of cell state variation is mostly solved by the proposed configuration mode, and further monitoring, control, and protection can be easily appended to accomplish other functionalities, for example, meeting dynamic voltage requirement. Each proposed design is validated by simulation results for a six‐cell polymer lithium‐ion battery pack. The proposed design can maximally utilize the battery's capacity and help to protect cells from over‐charging and over‐discharging as well. This research could be further extended to other application scenarios involving wide‐range dynamic voltage requirements.

Distributed photovoltaic supportability consumption method considering energy storage configuration mode and random events

In order to improve the control capability of distributed photovoltaic support, a distributed photovoltaic support consumption method based on energy storage configuration mode and random events is proposed. A networked and constrained parameter analysis model for distributed photovoltaic power supply control was constructed. Based on the direct flexible mode of optical storage, an AC/DC voltage level control model for distributed solar power supply control was constructed. In the operation mode of DC hybrid distribution network, the demand response tracking identification method was used to analyze the uncertain characteristic parameters of distributed solar power supply load, and combined with the planned energy storage capacity parameters, the distributed solar power supply load and photovoltaic output were estimated. By configuring the optimal energy storage capacity, adjusting the power distribution of the microgrid, and integrating the analysis of uncertain factors and random events in the energy storage configuration mode, the design of distributed photovoltaic support consumption has been achieved. The experimental results show that the distributed photovoltaic absorption control using this method has lower load requirements, can effectively reduce the exchange power of the interconnection line, and improve the configuration scale, system reliability, and economy of the photovoltaic energy storage system.

Plasma rotation and diamagnetic drift effects on the resistive wall modes in the negative triangularity tokamaks

It was found previously that the negative triangularity (NT) configuration is more MHD-unstable for low n modes than the positive triangularity (PT) case, although the situation is reversed for intermediate n modes and the NT configuration becomes more stable for intermediate n modes ( n=3−10 ) (Zheng et al 2021 Nucl. Fusion 61 116014). Here, n is the toroidal mode number. In this work, we extend the studies to include the rotation effects, as well as the diamagnetic drift effects, to see how the resistive wall modes (RWMs) in the NT configuration are affected as compared with the PT configuration. This is particularly motivated by noting that the wall interface with the plasma is quite different between the NT and PT configurations. It affects the plasma rotation and diamagnetic drift effects on the low n RWM. We consider the DIII-D-NT-experiment equilibrium reconstructed by the EFIT code. Based on the equilibrium g-file, the extended equilibria are constructed with the VMEC code by varying the beta values while keeping the pressure and poloidal current flux profiles basically unchanged. The bootstrap current contribution to the equilibria is taken into account with the Sauter formula. The MHD stability is then computed using the AEGIS code with the rotation and diamagnetic drift effects taken into account. We found that, although the NT configuration is less stable for n = 1 MHD modes, the rotation and diamagnetic drift stabilization effects on RWMs are more effective in the NT configuration than in the PT one. Note that even in the PT case, the stabilization of RWMs by the rotation and kinetic effects is critical. Because the low-n RWMs in the regular NT case are more unstable, the rotation and diamagnetic drift stabilization effects found in this research are important for the NT tokamak concept.

Feasibility of hydromorphone PCA 10-day simple mode home management of patients in severe pain: A prospective multicenter study.

e24072 Background: Pain is a common symptom affecting patients with cancer. In clinical practice patients with advanced refractory cancer pain often face multiple anti-tumor treatments and prefer treatment at home or in community clinics versus hospitalization; thus, pain relief and drug management are challenging. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is an essential component of analgesic treatment. However, difficulties associated with PCA configuration, unified pump configuration mode, and tube blockage may limit its use by both doctors and patients, negatively affecting large-scale promotion of PCA technology in hospitals and at home. In this study we optimized PCA parameters to resolve problems around cumbersome operation and tube blockage, thereby increasing pump utility and feasibility. We refer to this mode as the "10-day simple mode." The study objective is to evaluate the analgesic effect of the "10-day simple mode" of hydromorphone PCA and to explore its home-based convenience and use. Methods: A total of 100 patients with refractory cancer pain were included in this study. The pump configuration mode was divided into two stages. The first (titration) stage was: hydromorphone + normal saline with a total volume of 24 ml and pump speed of 1.0 ml/h. The second (maintenance) stage was: hydromorphone + normal saline with a total volume of 288 ml and pump speed of 1.2 ml/h with PCA of 2.4 ml. During the maintenance stage, if pain control was unsatisfactory the background dose was increased based on the number of PCA presses in the previous 24 hours. Patients' numeric rating scale (NRS) scores, quality of life scores, and adverse reactions were recorded before and after treatment. Results: Patients' average NRS score before treatment was 7.4 (7-10). Average time to successful titration was 49.6 minutes (35.6-56.9) and 40.7% of patients achieved successful titration within 30 minutes. After titration, the average NRS score was 3.2 (0-6). There was a statistically significant difference in NRS scores before and after titration (p < 0.05). During maintenance, 56.0% of patients experienced breakthrough pain on day 1, when the average NRS score was 5.2. As background dosing continued breakthrough pain and average NRS score gradually decreased (p < 0.05). Quality of life scores and patient satisfaction measured before and after 10 days of PCA pump use showed significant improvement (p < 0.001). Conclusions: For patients with refractory cancer pain, the hydromorphone PCA "10-day simple mode" produces good analgesic effect, is easy to manage, and suitable for patients seeking home-based pain relief. These results warrant further clinical study. Clinical trial information: NCT05744089 .

Identifying high-order plasmon modes in silver nanoparticle-over-mirror configuration

Metallic nanoparticle-over-mirror (NPOM) represents as a versatile plasmonic configuration for surface enhanced spectroscopy, sensing and light-emitting metasurfaces. However, experimentally identifying the high-order localized surface plasmon modes in NPOM, especially for the best plasmonic material silver, is often hindered by the small scattering cross-section of high-order plasmon modes and the poor reproducibility of the spectra across different NPOMs, resulted from the polyhedral morphology of the colloidal nanoparticles or the rough surface of deposited polycrystalline metals. In this study, we identify the high-order localized surface plasmon modes in silver NPOM by using differential reflection spectroscopy. We achieved reproducible single-particle absorption spectra by constructing uniform NPOM consisting of silver nanospheres, single-crystallized silver microplates, and a self-assembled monolayer of 1,10-decanedithiol. For comparison, silver NPOM created from typical polycrystalline films exhibits significant spectral fluctuations, even when employing template stripping methods to minimize the film roughness. Identifying high-order plasmon modes in the NPOM configuration offers a pathway to construct high-quality plasmonic substrates for applications such as colloidal metasurface, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence, or infrared absorption.

An open-loop control algorithm for improved tracking in a heliostat

The growing energy demand and its relation to climate change have driven the search for sustainable alternatives, such as concentrated solar energy. In this context, heliostats play a crucial role by reflecting and concentrating solar light onto a receiver. However, traditional control approaches based on geographical data have limitations. This study introduces an autonomous control system for heliostats that eliminates the need for preloaded geographical data. The approach is based on communication between the heliostat and the solar tracker, with two configuration modes: map calibration and automatic. Centralized and autonomous heliostats are distinguished, with the latter being the focus of the study. Autonomous heliostats have their own control system and can make decisions regarding positioning and safety. The methodology involves a mathematical algorithm that calculates the optimal rotation and tilt of the heliostat to redirect light toward a target. Simulation and physical prototype testing validate a remarkable consistency between simulated and experimental data. A key result is the surprising similarity of 97.9% between the obtained data, validating the algorithm's effectiveness. This study provides a robust approach for designing autonomous heliostat control systems, integrating simulation and experimentation. These results support the algorithm's precision and ability to direct solar radiation effectively. Expanding towards autonomous control and complete heliostat system evaluation facilitates the path toward more efficient and sustainable concentrated solar energy.

Density functional theory study of the structure, stability, magnetic properties, and (hyper)polarizability of (sub-nm) rare-earth (RE) doped gold clusters: Au5RE with RE = Sc, Y, La-Lu.

Rare-earth doped materials are of immense interest for their potential applications in linear and nonlinear photonics. There is also intense interest in sub-nanometer gold clusters due to their enhanced stability and unique optical, magnetic, and catalytic properties. To leverage their emergent properties, here we report a systematic study of the geometries, stability, electronic, magnetic, and linear and nonlinear optical properties of Au5RE (RE = Sc, Y, La-Lu) clusters using density-functional theory. Several low-energy isomers consisting of planar or non-planar configurations are identified. For most doped clusters, the non-planar configuration is energetically favored. In the case of La-, Pm-, Gd-, and Ho-doped clusters, a competition between planar and non-planar isomers is predicted. A distinct preference for the planar configuration is predicted for Au5Eu, Au5Sm, Au5Tb, Au5Tm, and Au5Yb. The distinction between the planar and non-planar configurations is highlighted by the calculated highest frequencies, with the stretching mode of the non-planar configuration predicted to be stiffer than the planar configuration. The bonding analysis reveals the dominance of the RE-d orbitals in the formation of frontier molecular orbitals, which, in turn, facilitates retaining the magnetic characteristics governed by RE-f orbitals, preventing spin-quenching of rare earths in the doped clusters. In addition, the doped clusters exhibit small energy gaps between frontier orbitals, large dipole moments, and enhanced hyperpolarizability compared to the host cluster.

Research on the Ecological Restoration Effects of a Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara-Dominated Multitrophic Level Ecosystem

This study aims to assess the ecological restoration effects of Vallisneria natans in a multitrophic level ecosystem. The water-purification effects of two hierarchical configuration modes of V. natans-Bellamya aeruginosa and V. natans-B. aeruginosa-Hyriopsis cumingii were studied. Results show that a V. natans and B. aeruginosa configuration ratio of 15:2 stabilizes water quality at Grade IV (TN ≤ 1.5 mg/L, TP ≤ 0.3 mg/L), and increasing B. aeruginosa density significantly reduces total phosphorus. The V. natans, B. aeruginosa, and H. cumingii configuration at 15:2:10 stabilizes water at Grade III (TN ≤ 1.0 mg/L, TP ≤ 0.2 mg/L), with a positive correlation between H. cumingii density and chlorophyll-a removal. Furthermore, the filtration and biocycling actions of B. aeruginosa (snails) and H. cumingii (mussels) significantly reduce levels of Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP), and Ammonium (NH4+-N) in water, thus enhancing the self-purification capacity of the water bodies. However, the bioturbation effect of H. cumingii can temporarily increase phosphorus release from sediments, leading to a short-term rise in TP concentration in the water. Overall, the study concludes that multitrophic level ecosystems are effective in purifying water quality and offer significant ecological restoration benefits. This research provides crucial data support for future construction and ecological restoration projects involving multitrophic level approaches in China’s rivers and lakes.

Analytical study of linear optical properties of metal nanoparticle trimers: the impact of dipole-dipole interaction on different modes of configuration

In this study, we theoretically investigate the linear properties of a metal nanoparticle (MNP) trimer. Three identical spherical nanoparticles (NPs) whose centers are equidistantly oriented on a same straight line are considered. Using the solid core approximation for NPs and considering interaction between particles through induced electric dipoles, the motion equation of each NP conduction electrons is analytically solved. Some appropriately approximated expressions are derived for the permittivity of each NP based on a Drude-like model, allowing the clear observation of the contribution of inter-particle interaction. Depending on the orientation of the trimer axis and incident laser beam geometry (i.e., orientation of electromagnetic (EM) fields and wave vector of laser beam), three different configurations or modes are considered. The extinction efficiency of each NP as a function of wavelength is plotted, revealing that when the laser electric field is perpendicular to the symmetry axis of the trimer, it increases compared to the case of non-interactional single NP, and its plasmon resonance peak experiences a red shift. For other cases where the electric field of the laser beam is parallel to the trimer axis, the extinction efficiency of each NP decreases, and its peak shifts to the blue. In all cases, the effect of interaction on the optical properties of the middle NP is greater than on the other NPs.

Analysis and design of multi-mode power split hybrid transmission scheme considering mode connection

For heavy-duty truck, multi-mode power split hybrid transmission scheme (MPSHTS) has good adaptability. However, the moment of inertia at both ends of the clutch is large. If there is a large speed difference in the clutch engagement process, it will increase clutch wear, engine stall and other problems. This paper proposed a new design method of multi-mode power split hybrid powertrain, which was different from the proof by exhaustion aiming at mode switching without speed difference. It included: the conditions for achieving mode connection without speed difference was obtained based on the lever method for dynamic characteristic analysis. Evaluation index for power split mechanisms that comprehensively considered power source and transmission system was established. Combining the mode connection conditions and the optimized basic configuration, the characteristic of no speed difference could be ensured by adjusting the power coupling mechanism. A multi-mode scheme based on optimized configuration and work mode requirements could be obtained. Finally, parameter matching and simulation verification on the designed scheme was carried out. It suggested that the designed system improved fuel economy by 4.14% compared with the original scheme.

Wideband metasurface-loaded rectenna for azimuth-insensitive electromagnetic energy absorption using characteristic mode analysis

In this paper, a wideband metasurface-loaded (MTS-L) rectenna system is proposed to capture electromagnetic (EM) energy at arbitrary azimuth angles. The radiation patterns of different modes in the original MTS configuration are analyzed using the characteristic mode theory, and potential modes with omnidirectional radiation are screened out. By the arrangement of patches, the roundness performance of the radiation pattern can be ameliorated, and the omnidirectional characteristic is obtained over a wide frequency band. Subsequently, the surface current density of the selected mode is carefully and artificially designed to facilitate probe excitation as well as refrain from introducing complex power-combining networks. A wideband rectifier circuit is designed as the load of the proposed antenna. Eventually, measured results show that it operates from 4.6 to 9.6 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 70.4%, and the peak system efficiency is 52.2%. The proposed system demonstrates excellent potential for wireless power transmission and EM energy harvesting in indoor environments.

NUMERICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF INNOVATIVE DEMOUNTABLE BEAM‐COLUMN CONNECTIONS USING LONG BOLTS

AbstractCircular design strategies such as adaptivity, detachability, and reusability represent new challenges and increased demands on the future‐proof buildings sector. To contribute to the circularity and sustainability of the steel construction sector, an innovative solution of beam‐column moment‐resisting joints with long bolts and short steel elements (links) is proposed, enabling an extension in the service length of existing steel members. This paper assesses the influencing connection parameters (e.g. bolt preload, bolt length and diameter, end plate thickness, etc.) on the moment (flexural) resistance, stiffness, rotation, ductility, and failure modes of base configurations of these joints.

Chiral Light in Twisted Fabry–Pérot Cavities

AbstractFundamental studies of the interaction of chiral light with chiral matter are important for the development of techniques that allow handedness‐selective optical detection of chiral organic molecules. One approach to achieve this goal is the creation of a Fabry–Pérot cavity that supports eigenmodes with a desired electromagnetic handedness. This paper theoretically studies chiral Fabry–Pérot cavities with mirrors comprising 1D photonic crystal slabs made of van der Waals As2S3, a material with one of the highest known in‐plane anisotropies. By utilizing the anisotropy provided by As2S3, Fabry–Pérot cavities with constitutional and configurational chiralities are designed. It is demonstrated that in cavities with constitutional chirality, electromagnetic modes of left or right handedness exist due to the chirality of both mirrors, often referred to as handedness preserving mirrors in the literature. At the same time, cavities with configurational chirality support modes of both handednesses due to the chiral morphology of the entire structure, set by the twist angle between the optical axes of the upper and lower non‐chiral anisotropic mirrors. The developed chiral Fabry–Pérot cavities can be tuned to any distance between the mirrors by properly twisting them, making such systems a prospective platform for the coupling of chiral light with chiral matter.

The capacity planning method for a hydro-wind-PV-battery complementary system considering the characteristics of multi-energy integration into power grid

The hydro-wind-PV-battery complementary operation has the potential to increase the integration of renewable energy sources into power grid. Nevertheless, the determination of the optimal capacity configuration mode and size for a hydro-wind-PV-battery complementary system (HWPBS) remains a persistent challenge. This study proposes a capacity planning framework for the HWPBS considering the characteristics of multi-energy integration to power grid. First, the centralized (CCP) and distributed (DCP) configuration patterns considering the ways of multi-energy integration into power grid are proposed to explore the optimal capacity configuration mode. Second, considering the randomness of incoming water of hydropower stations, a scenario analysis technique is proposed to obtain the typical inflow scenarios. Then, with the objectives of maximizing expected renewable generation and minimizing expected power abandonment and load loss, the capacity configuration models for the HWPBS under the CCP and DCP are developed. A load reconstruction method is proposed to reduce the computational burden. The parallelogram method is implemented to linearize the hydropower production model. Additionally, a set of indicators are proposed to evaluate the economy and reliability of the HWPBS. The proposed framework is applied to the Yalong River Basin. The results show that: the wind-PV configuration capacity is affected by load demand, battery storage and configuration patterns. The load demand process with better correlation to wind-PV output is advantageous for integrating wind and solar resources. Battery storage can effectively reduce power abandonment and load loss, and the configuration pattern has a significant impact on the final capacity of wind-PV power.

Development of a hybrid intelligent switching hydraulically interconnected suspension system under a multi-objective optimized mode selection strategy with real-world condition

Reduction in vertical acceleration is crucial for car manufacturers. This parameter evaluates the comfort index. Moreover, the handling index is another feature that must be under investigation. The suspension system has an essential impact on these two indices. A hybrid intelligent switching hydraulically interconnected suspension (HISHIS) is proposed. The parallel configuration is combined with the diagonal configuration in the suspension system. A mode selection strategy is discussed to select the layout between diagonal and parallel configurations. The only mode of parallel configuration is called Anti-pitch configuration. The diagonal configuration has three modes, including Anti-roll, Anti-oversteering, and Anti-vibration configuration. According to the mode selection strategy, one of these three diagonal configuration modes might be selected. The origin of roll and pitch generation is inertia force and road inputs. Hopfield neural network can recognize the origin of roll and pitch generation. Therefore, the performance of valves will change according to Hopfield neural network recognition. The results of different maneuvers show the improvement at each targeted parameter in various tasks independently. The data logger gathered the acceleration of the vehicle in real-world conditions. However, the margins of the selection strategy block are multi-objective optimized with a genetic algorithm to reach better responses in real-world conditions. The roll angle, yaw rate, allowable exposure time, and pitch angle are improved by 63%, 5%, 40%, and 99% on average. Also, optimizing the selection strategy improves the allowable exposure time by 9%. Obviously, by combining two layouts, it is possible to have a flexible situation to improve ride comfort and handling situations. In addition, there is a conditional strategy to select different layouts and modes to reach a better response.

Multi-Ported GC-eDRAM Bitcell with Dynamic Port Configuration and Refresh Mechanism

Embedded memories occupy an increasingly dominant part of the area and power budgets of modern systems-on-chips (SoCs). Multi-ported embedded memories, commonly used by media SoCs and graphical processing units, occupy even more area and consume higher power due to larger memory bitcells. Gain-cell eDRAM is a high-density alternative for multi-ported operation with a small silicon footprint. However, conventional gain-cell memories have limited data availability, as they require periodic refresh operations to maintain their data. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-ported gain-cell design, which provides up-to N read ports and M independent write ports (NRMW). In addition, the proposed design features a configurable mode of operation, supporting a hidden refresh mechanism for improved memory availability, as well as a novel opportunistic refresh port approach. An 8kbit memory macro was implemented using a four-transistor bitcell with four ports (2R2W) in a 28 nm FD-SOI technology, offering up-to a 3× reduction in bitcell area compared to other dual-ported SRAM memory options, while also providing 100% memory availability, as opposed to conventional dynamic memories, which are hindered by limited availability.