Confidential Keys Research Articles

SEAF-IoD: Secure and efficient user authentication framework for the Internet of Drones

The Internet of Drones (IoD) stands as a rapidly advancing technology, finding applications across civilian, military, and industrial domains, facilitating the efficient execution of challenging tasks. However, the IoD environment introduces a plethora of security concerns. Drones, for example, must exchange critical information with control station servers and users through open and unsecured wireless channels. Consequently, protecting these sensitive data becomes paramount, leading to the development of SEAF-IoD, a secure and efficient user authentication framework for the IoD, as presented in this paper. SEAF-IoD relies on symmetric encryption, physical uncloneable functions (PUF), and hash functions. This framework empowers users to securely establish connections and obtain real-time data from specific drones deployed within the IoD environment. Furthermore, the utilization of PUF holds great promise in achieving cost-effective security. PUF obviates the necessity to store confidential keys in device memory, offering a potential alternative for establishing a more secure and cost-efficient authentication framework for IoD systems. PUF empowers the SEAF-IoD to enhance its resilience against privileged insider attacks and drone/device capture attempts. To ensure the robustness of SEAF-IoD, it undergoes rigorous validation using BAN logic and Scyther simulation. Furthermore, an informal analysis affirms that SEAF-IoD fulfills critical security requirements and effectively thwarts various adversarial threats, including privileged insider, replay, and impersonation attacks. A comprehensive comparison of SEAF-IoD against existing schemes highlights its resilience and superiority in safeguarding IoD environments.

Protecting Sensitive Images with Improved 6-D Logistic Chaotic Image Steganography

In the digital age, strong methods for safeguarding sensitive data are essential. Image steganography is a practical technique for data protection that hides information inside seemingly authentic images. The proposed method increases security by using chaotic based image encryption and decryption. Encryption approaches based on chaotic logistic theory present an abundance of attractive and novel opportunities for developing secure image encryption methods. Nevertheless, these maps are frequently used for specific, unpredictable starting parameters. This problem is addressed by the research's Tabu search optimisation method. This method optimises chaotic map initial settings using a fitness function with numerous objectives. For image encryption, the most efficient methods are used to produce confidential keys. The input picture undergoes horizontal and vertical diffusion and permutation during encryption. These operations further scramble the image data, making it even more difficult to detect the hidden information. The primary goal is to develop a safe method for encrypting both color and grayscale images. Two common grayscale and color images that are accessible to the public were used to test the suggested strategy. compare our method with key existing works, specifically on the basis of Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR), Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI), Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and speed, respectively, our approach improves upon these studies. Our results demonstrate that 7.9981, 99.8245, 35.6507, and 78.871 are the greatest values of entropy, NPCR, UACI, and PSNR, respectively. Whereas the respective speeds of encryption and decryption increase to 0.8433 and 1.4387 seconds. This innovative approach presents a powerful tool for applications requiring secure image steganography

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ АЛГОРИТМА МЕТОДА КОЧА ДЛЯ ВСТРАИВАНИЯ ЦИФРОВЫХ ВОДЯНЫХ ЗНАКОВ В ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЯ

In a modern information society the problem of the control of use of the property rights to digital information resources becomes more and more actual. One of the most effective ways of the decision of this problem is use of digital watermarks - digital labels, not visible without the special software and a confidential key. A digital watermark - the technology created for protection of copyrights to multimedia files. It can be the text or a logo unequivocally identifying the author of a file. Digital watermarks are applied in coding and decoding of the acoustic information, in technologies of search and definition of illegal copies of audio materials. In the given work research of algorithms of embedding of digital watermarks in images was conducted. In practice more often the others for embedding of digital watermarks in images are used by the algorithms based on discrete cosine transformation. In article research which allows to conclude is resulted that the method of Koch is the most effective for protection of copyrights by introduction digital watermarks in the image. The analysis of lacks of a method is carried out. Owing to double application discrete cosine transformation to the image at introduction and extraction digital watermarks, and also applications of the return discrete cosine transformation for return to integer matrixes of pixels after introduction the parity of factors of a frequency matrix can be broken, and it is inadmissible, as the result of work of algorithm directly depends on it. Avoid occurrence of the given problem during embedding of bit digital watermarks it is offered to spend correction of values of factors of a frequency matrix. The algorithm of realization of a method of Koch is resulted and its modernization for embedding of digital watermarks is proved. The way and algorithm of return transformation is described. Results of research about dependence of value of factor of force of embedding ε from brightness of the image-container and built in digital watermark are resulted the size.

Randomness evaluation of key generation based on optical OFDM system in visible light communication networks

Recently, the authors proposed a physical-layer key generation scheme for optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) techniques in an indoor scenario. The key generation protocol exploits bipolar and real-valued optical OFDM samples to create confidential keys. It determines a chunk of cyclic prefix samples positioned in the space of small channel impact to generate the confidential keys during the session duration. This key-generation approach offers strong computational security to counter passive eavesdroppers and key creation on the fly, with zero bit-mismatch rates. In this Letter, the authors evaluate the randomness of the confidential keys produced from the recently proposed key-generation protocol to validate if the keys are truly random. The authors apply a statistical test suite of the National Institute of Standards and Technology to test randomness. The results demonstrate that the keys generated from the proposed key generation system pass all the tests. The results also demonstrate that the proposed key generation system provides uncorrelated keys with an approximately equal probability of bits (discrete uniform distribution) on an average, which yields a high security system against statistical attacks.

Ultra Encryption Standard (UES) Version-IV: New Symmetric key Cryptosystem with bit-level columnar Transposition and Reshuffling of bits

The present paper is an extension of the previous work of the authors i.e. UES version-II and III. Roy et al recently developed few efficient encryption methods such as UES version-I, Modified UES-I, UES version-II, UES version-III. Nath et al developed some methods such as TTJSA, TTSJA and DJMNA which are most suitable methods to encrypt password or any small message. The introduction of multiple feedbacks in TTJSA and TTSJA it was found that the methods were free from any brute force attack or differential attack or simple plain text attack. The authors proposed the present method i.e. Ultra Encryption Standard Version-IV. It is a Symmetric key Cryptosystem which includes multiple encryption, bit-wise reshuffling method and bit-wise columnar transposition method. In the present work the authors have performed the encryption process at the bit-level to achieve greater strength of encryption. In the result section the spectral analysis is done on repeated characters. The authors proposed method i.e. UES-IV can be used to encrypt short message, password or any confidential key.