Confidence In New Technologies Research Articles

Transforming knowledge-sharing intentions into behaviour: the role of ambidextrous knowledge-sharing activities on mobile platforms

ABSTRACT Drawing on the perspectives of technology affordance and organizational learning, this study examines the relationship between individual-level mobile knowledge-sharing intentions and behavior, as well as the moderating effects of exploratory and exploitative knowledge-sharing activities within teams in the public sector. Data were gathered through a questionnaire survey distributed to 377 public employees in 31 mobile knowledge-sharing teams in Taiwan. The results show that mobile knowledge-sharing intentions positively predict behaviour at the individual level. Additionally, exploratory knowledge-sharing activities at the team level amplify the positive impact of mobile knowledge-sharing intentions on behaviour at the individual level. The study reveals that Information Technology (IT) exerts a more substantial influence on exploratory activities than on exploitative activities, particularly among civil servants who have confidence in new technology.

Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Minat Menggunakan Mobile Banking

Research was conducted to analyze factors that affect interest in using Mobile Banking. Research conducted on the use of Wow Aps in central Java using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) theory developed by Fred Davis in 1989 which was later updated by Davis and Venkatesh in 1996. It was a theory that was often used by researchers regarding public confidence in new technology and acceptance of technology. Sampling method used convenience sampling method. The data collection technique used by researchers was questionnaire deployments aimed at users of the Wow Aps Mobile Banking application located in central Java as respondents. Relationships and/or influences between variables were described using multiple regression analysis methods. The results of the analysis of this study stated that the perceived usefullness, the Perceived Ease of Use, the Feature Availability has a significant effect on Behavioral Intention to Use .

A RegTech Approach to Fintech Sustainability: The Case of Spain

AbstractFramework:It is well known that the financial technology (Fintech) industry has great potential not only to transform the financial system, but also to build an equitable and sustainable society. In effect, if this technology is applied in the right way, it could be used to overcome the social and economic gaps that exist worldwide.Justification:However, until now, the specific legal regimes (RegTech) that have been established for Fintech have, in addition to the general lack of confidence in new technologies, made its implementation more difficult. Nevertheless, in order to consolidate Fintech, it is necessary to design suitable regulation to transform these new technologies into ordinary instruments of our financial system.Objective:Therefore, in order to promote an appropriate RegTech that allows for the progress of Fintech, it is necessary to analyse the legal problems that restrict their expansion by using an analytical methodology and a bibliographic compilation of legal resolutions.Main conclusion:Legal personal data protection is the main obstacle that must be overcome by paying attention to the guarantees inherent to this fundamental right. In this way, if the legal system is to be ready for the Digital Revolution, society must not be worried about either the loss of rights or increases in inequalities.

Digital health Systems in Kenyan Public Hospitals: a mixed-methods survey

BackgroundAs healthcare facilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries adopt digital health systems to improve hospital administration and patient care, it is important to understand the adoption process and assess the systems’ capabilities. This survey aimed to provide decision-makers with information on the digital health systems landscape and to support the rapidly developing digital health community in Kenya and the region by sharing knowledge.MethodsWe conducted a survey of County Health Records Information Officers (CHRIOs) to determine the extent to which digital health systems in public hospitals that serve as internship training centres in Kenya are adopted. We conducted site visits and interviewed hospital administrators and end users who were at the facility on the day of the visit. We also interviewed digital health system vendors to understand the adoption process from their perspective. Semi-structured interview guides adapted from the literature were used. We identified emergent themes using a thematic analysis from the data.ResultsWe obtained information from 39 CHRIOs, 58 hospital managers and system users, and 9 digital health system vendors through semi-structured interviews and completed questionnaires.From the survey, all facilities mentioned purchased a digital health system primarily for administrative purposes. Radiology and laboratory management systems were commonly standalone systems and there were varying levels of interoperability within facilities that had multiple systems. We only saw one in-patient clinical module in use. Users reported on issues such as system usability, inadequate training, infrastructure and system support. Vendors reported the availability of a wide range of modules, but implementation was constrained by funding, prioritisation of services, users’ lack of confidence in new technologies and lack of appropriate data sharing policies.ConclusionPublic hospitals in Kenya are increasingly purchasing systems to support administrative functions and this study highlights challenges faced by hospital users and vendors. Significant work is required to ensure interoperability of systems within hospitals and with other government services. Additional studies on clinical usability and the workflow fit of digital health systems are required to ensure efficient system implementation. However, this requires support from key stakeholders including the government, international donors and regional health informatics organisations.

Entrepreneurial Risks in the Realities of the Digital Economy

The topic of the development of the digital economy has become one of the priorities at the international level, and on the agenda of the G20 Summit, held July 7-8, 2017 in Hamburg. In the communiqué of the leaders on the results of the summit in the framework of the “digital block”, the heads of state of the G20 stressed the importance of developing digital literacy. Russia has initiated a discussion on consumer protection in the G20 format. The particular relevance of these issues for the global community is noted in the article by the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin dedicated to cooperation in the framework of the “twenty”. The advantages and opportunities of the digital economy are undoubted. However, the risks and challenges that consumers of the digital economy face daily threaten the harmonious development of new models of this sector of the economy. In this article, the authors tried to consider business risks in the realities of the digital economy. People and their level of confidence in new technologies and market models are not only key elements, but also the most important indicators of the successful development of the digital economy.

Understanding the Weak Performance of Technology in Urban Management

The article questions the appropriation of existing urban planning and management tools in Sub-Saharan Africa, through a multiple case study: the implementation of a land information system (or simplified cadastre) in three cities in Benin. An ethnographic exploration of the use of the tool is conducted. The first section presents the historical context of the design of land information systems, framed by the urban management paradigm, and unwarranted confidence in new technologies. The second section presents the theoretical framework and the methodology of the research, inspired by public policy analysis and development anthropology. The third section describes findings of the multiple case studies. A vicious circle is highlighted, made up of: lack of political support, obsolescence, and decline of cost-effectiveness. The fourth section discusses the results of the ethnographic inquiry. These are, essentially, the interpretation of the paradoxes, blockages, and conflicts in the implementation of the tool in light of social, political and economic dynamics that take place at the local level, although unexpected by the creators of the tool.

Preface: building trust in agricultural biotechnology partnerships

The 2011 famine in the Horn of Africa and the spectre of food price volatility have led to renewed interest in boosting local agricultural production in Africa. The surge in interest is occurring at a time when the impact of climate change on agriculture is becoming a central theme in policy discourse. These trends are inspiring the need to foster agricultural research as a way to raise productivity, diversify production and protect the environment [1]. It is widely held that long-term strategies to boost African agriculture will have to include the application of biotechnology. However, policy discussions on the role of biotechnology in African agriculture are marked by widespread distrust. The main sources of the distrust include concerns over the safety of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), fear of corporate control of the food sector, and uncertainty over the workings of publicprivate partnerships (PPPs). The collection of papers in this special issue sheds light on why establishing trust among business, government, research institutions and the public is central to efforts to introduce agricultural biotechnology. The authors of these papers draw from experiences in Burkina Faso, Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda to provide lessons for building effective partnerships based on trust. In addition, the papers contain real-life examples that show which PPPs have worked well, what undermined their evolution, and how their lessons could be shared to inform policy decisions and practical actions. The papers are being published at a critical moment in the evolution of African agriculture. First, the continent is currently considering ways to become an important player in global agricultural production. The strategies being pursued by most countries in Africa include consideration of the role of agricultural biotechnology. By 2011, only three African countries (Burkina Faso, South Africa and Egypt) were commercially producing genetically modified (GM) crops. Recent decisions in Kenya to adopt a law that would approve the cultivation of GM crops, for example, were accompanied by extensive debates that underscored the importance of building trust in the technology. Second, discussions over the introduction of GM crops are occurring in the context of broader interest among African countries to put science and technology at the center of their development strategies. Much of this interest has been inspired by the dramatic benefits that mobile phones have brought to the continent. Two decades ago, mobile phones were viewed with the same suspicion and concerns over trust in related information technologies; such automation raised concerns over their implications for employment. The evolution of mobile technology in Africa now serves as a reference point in balancing between the benefits and risks of new technologies. These lessons are likely to lead to discussion on agricultural biotechnology. Third, there is an increase in the number of PPPs seeking to foster the adoption of agricultural biotechnology. Those involved in these partnerships are seeking ways by which they can address the general anxiety arising from uncertainty over the structure, performance and benefits of PPPs. These actors will find valuable lessons in these papers on how to address such concerns. These articles differ from much of the material available today in several important ways. First, they open the door for exploring the theoretical and practical implications of focusing on trust as a way to build confidence in new technologies. Second, they provide inspirational practical examples in each of the countries and institutions analyzed. Finally, they will be invaluable to a wider audience, including policy makers; donors; entrepreneurs; researchers; investors; and students of agricultural policy.

A New Soft Law Approach to Nanotechnology Oversight: A Voluntary Product Certification Scheme

I. INTRODUCTION II. THE FUTILE (NEAR TERM) QUEST FOR COMMAND--AND--CONTROL REGULATION A. Demand for Regulation B. Obstacles to Regulation III. THE LIMITS OF CURRENT SOFT LAW APPROACHES IV. A VOLUNTARY SAFETY TESTING CERTIFICATION SCHEME A. Background on Certification Programs B. The Role of Trust in Certification Programs 1. Dispositional and Situational Trust 2. Reputational Trust 3. Institutional or System Trust 4. Associational Trust 5. Trust and Certification Marks: Examples and Implications V. DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING A NANOTECHNOLOGY CERTIFICATION PROGRAM A. Requirements of a Nano Safety Testing Certification Program 1. Disclosure and Reporting 2. Premarket Toxicity Testing 3. Risk Management Practices 4. Post-market Surveillance B. Implementation of the Certification Program C. Limitations and Challenges of the Certification Program VI. CONCLUSION I. INTRODUCTION Regulatory oversight of is necessary yet problematic. The necessity of regulation is driven by two related concerns. First, some nanotechnologies, if left unregulated, are likely to pose very real, if currently unknowable, risks of significant health or environmental damage. (1) Second, public confidence in new technologies and in the regulatory agencies that govern them may be permanently damaged if injurious nanomaterials are released without adequate, or at least the perception of adequate, oversight. (2) Despite these considerations, regulation remains problematic. Most regulatory hurdles are currently insurmountable because we still not know exactly what nanotechnology means or encompasses, much less what concrete risks it may pose. Nanotechnology is a poorly defined, insufficiently understood set of diverse products, processes, and technologies that is not easily captured by any existing regulatory definition, model or system. This situation creates a problem for traditional regulatory tools. Government command-and-control regulations require, among many other things, clear definitions of what is to be regulated, understandable compliance requirements, and strong policy-based rationales to justify the regulation. (3) The impropriety, if not questionable legality, of employing traditional regulatory approaches, coupled with growing calls to do something, (4) has created an opportunity for new models of governance and oversight to emerge. (5) Of late, we have seen numerous short term proposals for (6) solutions and the implementation of some soft law mechanisms. None are based on the traditional command-and-control approach, under which government agencies enact detailed regulatory requirements enforced by the threat of penalty. Instead, all reflect a variety of voluntary, cooperative or partnership approaches. (7) However, although these approaches have many advantages, none of the currently operational regimes has fully achieved two obvious and oft-cited goals of regulation: (1) broad industry participation, with sufficient data submission to aid regulators in risk assessments; and (2) reassurance of public stakeholders as to government's role in regulating emerging technologies. (8) Therefore, this Article proposes another soft law option that may better achieve these goals. We propose a voluntary certification scheme under which companies that produce products may obtain a government-supervised certification for specific products if the firms subject those products to specified safety testing, data disclosure and risk management measures. Given differing national regulatory approaches, our proposal is designed primarily for the United States. However, there is nothing in the proposal that could not be adapted for use in other jurisdictions or prevent the creation of an equivalent international scheme. …

A New Soft Law Approach to Nanotechnology Oversight: A Voluntary Product Certification Scheme

Regulatory oversight of nanotechnology is necessary yet problematic. The necessity of regulation, now or later, is driven by two related concerns. First, some nanotechnologies, if left unregulated, are likely to pose very real if currently unknowable risks of significant health or environmental damage. Second, public confidence in new technologies and in the regulatory agencies that govern them may be permanently damaged if injurious nanomaterials are released without adequate, or at least the perception of adequate, oversight. Of late, we have seen numerous proposals for “soft law” solutions, at least in the short term, as well as the implementation of some soft law mechanisms. None are based on the traditional command–and-control approach, under which government agencies enact detailed regulatory requirements enforced by the threat of penalty. Instead, all reflect a variety of voluntary, cooperative or partnership approaches. However, although these approaches have many advantages, none of the currently operational regimes has fully achieved two obvious and oft-cited goals of nanotechnology regulation: (1) broad industry participation, with sufficient data submission to aid regulators in risk assessments; and (2) reassurance of public stakeholders as to government’s role in regulating emerging technologies. This article therefore proposes another soft law option that may better achieve these goals. We propose a voluntary certification scheme under which companies that produce nanotechnology products may obtain a government-supervised certification for specific products if the firms subject those products to specified safety testing, data disclosure and risk management measures. Given differing national regulatory approaches, our proposal is designed primarily for the United States. However, there is nothing in the proposal that could not be adapted for use in other jurisdictions, indeed, nothing to prevent creation of an equivalent international scheme. Part II sets up the need for new approaches by explaining why regulation of nanotechnology is largely infeasible under traditional approaches. Part III summarizes the experience and promise of current soft law regimes, as well as some of their limitations. This Part also identifies some features of successful certification systems and discusses their relevance to a nanotechnology certification system. Part IV introduces our proposal for a voluntary safety testing certification scheme, and discusses the ways in which such a scheme might gain the trust of consumers and other relevant audiences. Part V considers the elements of the scheme in greater detail. The final section is a brief conclusion.

ICA – Evolution is Better than Revolution

This paper describes how the impact of I.C.A. can cause considerable difficulties to the unknowledgeable user. It is proposed that a programme of gradual evolution is devised to improve understanding and confidence in new technology. Suggestions are given on developing expertise, the specification and selection of equipment, installation and commissioning and overcoming operational problems.

Diffuse light potato seed storage as an example of technology transfer: a case study

An example of the adoption of a new technology, namely the storage of potato seed tubers in diffuse light, is described under conditions typical of many developing countries: lack of financial and technical resources etc. Progressive stages are shown within one farm. In addition, farmer awareness of seed-tuber quality and confidence in new technologies were increased so that other related technologies have been adopted prior to any apparent data on subsequent yields and economic returns, which have since been shown to be not inconsiderable.