ChemInform Research Articles

Assessment of Facility Readiness for Pediatric Emergency and Critical Care Utilizing a 2-Phase Survey Conducted in Six Hospitals in Uganda and Cameroon: A Quality Improvement Study.

Each year, 5.3 million children under 5 years of age die in low-resource settings, often due to delayed recognition of disease severity, inadequate treatment, or a lack of supplies. We describe the use of a comprehensive digital facility-readiness survey tool, recently developed by the Pediatric Sepsis Data CoLaboratory, which aims to identify target areas for quality improvement related to pediatric emergency and critical care. Facility-readiness surveys were conducted at six sub-Saharan African hospitals providing pediatric emergency and critical care in Uganda (n = 4) and Cameroon (n = 2). The tool is a 2-phase survey to assess readiness to provide pediatric essential emergency and critical care: (1) an "environmental scan," focusing on infrastructure, availability, and functionality of resources, and (2) an "observational scan" assessing the quality and safety of care through direct observation of patients receiving treatment for common diseases. Data were captured in a mobile application and the findings analyzed descriptively. Varying levels of facility readiness to provide pediatric emergency care were observed. Only 1 of 6 facilities had a qualified staff member to assess children for danger signs upon arrival, and only 2 of 6 had staff with skills to manage emergency conditions. Only 21% of essential medicines required for pediatric emergency and critical care were available at all six facilities. Most facilities had clean running water and soap or disinfectants, but most also experienced interruptions to their electricity supply. Less than half of patients received an appropriate discharge note and fewer received counseling on postdischarge care; follow-up was arranged in less than a quarter of cases. These pilot findings indicate that facilities are partially equipped and ready to provide pediatric emergency and critical care. This facility-readiness tool can be utilized in low-resource settings to assist hospital administrators and policymakers to determine priority areas to improve quality of care for the critically ill child.

Stomach-Preserving Surgery for Early Gastric Cancer.

Stomach-Preserving Surgery for Early Gastric Cancer.

GAPS Phase III: incorporation of capacity based weighting in the global assessment for pediatric surgery.

The Global Assessment for Pediatric Surgery (GAPS) tool was developed to enhance pediatric surgical care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. This study presents the addition of a capacity-based weighting system to the GAPS tool. GAPS, developed through a multi-phase process including systematic review, international testing, item analysis, and refinement, assesses 64 items across 5 domains: human resources, material resources, education, accessibility, and outcomes. This new weighting system differentially weighs each domain. The GAPS Score was evaluated using pilot study data, focusing on hospital and country income levels, human development index, under-five mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate, deaths due to injury and deaths due to congenital anomalies. Analysis involved the Kruskal-Wallis test and linear regression. Benchmark values for the GAPS overall score and subsection scores were identified. The GAPS score's capacity-based weighting system effectively discriminated between levels of hospital (p = 0.0001) and country income level (p = 0.002). The GAPS scores showed significant associations with human development index (p < 0.001) and key health indicators such as under-five mortality rates (p < 0.001), neonatal mortality rate (p < 0.001), and deaths due to injury (p < 0.001). Benchmark scores for the GAPS overall score and the subsection scores included most institutions within their respective hospital level. The GAPS tool and score, enhanced with the capacity-based weighting system, marks progress in assessing pediatric surgical capacity in resource-limited settings. By mirroring the complex reality of hospital functionality in low-resource centers, it provides a refined mechanism for fostering effective partnerships and data-driven strategic interventions.

Current Status of Neonatal Music Therapy Services Within the US

Abstract Over the past 30 years, music therapy services in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) have expanded, yet there is still limited literature available that captures current practice trends in this setting. The purpose of this paper was to obtain descriptive data about current demographics, consultation, and clinical practice trends in NICU music therapy clinical practice in the US. A questionnaire was sent to 9,222 Board-Certified Music Therapists. Those providing music therapy services in the NICU and choosing to participate (N = 87) completed the questionnaire. Results showed that a majority of music therapists working in the NICU who responded to the questionnaire have completed additional training to provide specialized services. Most NICU music therapists reported spending less than 20 hr a week on the unit and providing a variety of family-centered interventions to infants starting at 28 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). Common diagnoses for referral besides prematurity were Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome and Chronic Lung Disease. Music therapists are well integrated within treatment teams with a majority reporting collaborating and/or co–treating with other therapies and/or clinical staff.

Talking genetic technologies and conservation: purposeful games as a tool to level the epistemic playing field

In New Zealand, the use of genetic technologies for environmental and conservation purposes is a highly contested issue yet genetic technologies, including RNAi and gene drives may offer technological advances for protecting New Zealand's vulnerable biodiversity. This context makes discussions on the use of gene technology for environmental purposes both challenging and necessary. Such discussions can be difficult, not simply because they are often contested, but also because people find the topic complicated, the language alien and overly scientific. This research, which sits at the intersection of science and publics, is part of a large national dialogue which aimed to better understand the public's thoughts and feelings around the use of genetic technologies for environmental or conservation purposes. To assist people to feel comfortable at the beginning of the dialogue sessions, we designed purposeful games before engaging in a facilitated conversation. These games are based on heritage games that most people are familiar with but altered to address several issues relevant to genetic technologies in an environmental context. This article provides an insight into how to design and use purposeful games to foster epistemic confidence in non-scientists. It acts as a helpful guide for others working in contested spaces where there is a need to effectively facilitate engagement of non-scientists in important science-society discussions.

Diverse reactivity of maleimides in polymer science and beyond

AbstractMaleimides are remarkably versatile functional groups, capable of participating in homo‐ and copolymerizations, Diels–Alder and (photo)cycloadditions, Michael additions, and other reactions. Their reactivity has afforded materials ranging from polyimides with high upper service temperatures to hydrogels for regenerative medicine applications. Moreover, maleimides have proven to be an enabling chemistry for pharmaceutical development and bioconjugation via straightforward modification of cysteine residues. To exert spatiotemporal control over reactions with maleimides, multiple approaches have been developed to photocage nucleophiles, dienes, and dipoles. Additionally, further substitution of the maleimide alkene (e.g. monohalo‐, dihalo‐, thio‐, amino‐ and methyl‐maleimides, among other substituents) confers tunable reactivity and dynamicity, as well as responsive mechanical and optical properties. In this mini‐review, we highlight the diverse functionality of maleimides, underscoring their notable impact in polymer science. This moiety and related heterocycles will play an important role in future innovations in chemistry, biomedical, and materials research. © 2024 The Author(s). Polymer International published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Screening for Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Critical Appraisal.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common and can impact health across the life course. Thus, it is essential for professionals in child- and family-serving roles, including pediatric and adult primary care clinicians, to understand the health implications of childhood adversity and trauma and respond appropriately. Screening for ACEs in health care settings has received attention as a potential approach to ACEs identification and response. Careful examination of the existing evidence on ACEs screening and consideration, from a clinical and ethical perspective, of the potential benefits, challenges, and harms is critical to ensuring evidence-informed practice. In this critical appraisal, we synthesize existing systematic and scoping reviews on ACEs screening, summarize recent studies on the ability of ACEs to predict health outcomes at the individual level, and provide a comprehensive overview of potential benefits, challenges, and harms of ACEs screening. We identify gaps in the existing evidence base and specify directions for future research. We also describe trauma-informed, relational care as an orientation and perspective that can help pediatric and primary care clinicians to sensitively assess for and respond to ACEs and other potentially traumatic experiences. Overall, we do not yet have sufficient evidence regarding the potential benefits, challenges, and harms of ACEs screening in health care and other settings. In the absence of this evidence, we cannot assume that screening will not cause harm and that potential benefits outweigh potential harms.

Truly Inevitable—Our Perspective on the Complications After Surgery for Rectal Cancer

Truly Inevitable—Our Perspective on the Complications After Surgery for Rectal Cancer

Challenges in institutional ethical review process and approval for international multicenter clinical studies in lower and middle-income countries: the case of PARITY study

BackgroundOne of the greatest challenges to conducting multicenter research studies in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is the heterogeneity in regulatory processes across sites. Previous studies have reported variations in requirements with a lack of standardization in the Institutional Review Board (IRB) processes between centers, imposing barriers for approval, participation, and development of multicenter research.ObjectivesTo describe the regulatory process, variability and challenges faced by pediatric researchers in LMICs during the IRB process of an international multicenter observational point prevalence study (Global PARITY).DesignA 16-question multiple-choice online survey was sent to site principal investigators (PIs) at PARITY study participating centers to explore characteristics of the IRB process, costs, and barriers to research approval. A shorter survey was employed for sites that expressed interest in participating in Global PARITY and started the approval process, but ultimately did not participate in data collection (non-participating sites) to assess IRB characteristics.ResultsOf the 91 sites that sought IRB approval, 46 were successful in obtaining approval and finishing the data collection process. The survey was completed by 46 (100%) participating centers and 21 (47%) non-participating centers. There was a significant difference between participating and non-participating sites in IRB approval of a waiver consent and in the requirement for a legal review of the protocol. The greatest challenge to research identified by non-participating sites was a lack of research time and the lack of institutional support.ConclusionsGlobal collaborative research is crucial to increase our understanding of pediatric critical care conditions in hospitals of all resource-levels and IRBs are required to ensure that this research complies with ethical standards. Critical barriers restrict research activities in some resource limiting countries. Increasing the efficiency and accessibility of local IRB review could greatly impact participation of resource limited sites and enrollment of vulnerable populations.

Knowledge domain and trends in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) research based on CiteSpace bibliometrics analysis

BackgroundAlthough the number of studies on treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) has been increasing, the global research hotspots and future research trends have not yet been established.ObjectiveThis study identify the hotspots of TRS research and predict future research trends using a bibliometric analysis.MethodsThe Web of Science Core Collection was searched using the keyword “TRS”, econometric and co-occurrence analyses were conducted using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software, and the results were visualised. PRISMA reporting guidelines were used for this study.ResultsIn total, 912 publications were included in the analysis. The number of publications on TRS has shown an increasing trend over the past 20 years. The United States and University of London were the countries and institutions with the highest total number of publications, respectively. Schizophrenia Research was the journal with the highest number of articles. American Journal of Psychiatry was the most cited journal. Based on the results of this analysis, cognitive impairment, clozapine-resistant schizophrenia, early-onset schizophrenia, and early recognition of TRS will be hotspots for future research in this field.ConclusionThere has been an upward trend in the number of publications on TRS each year. However, issues such as how to use antipsychotics more efficiently to treat TRS and how to predict the emergence of TRS as early as possible are still in urgent need of research and are current challenges for clinicians. The results of this study not only predict and analyse future research hotspots but also help researchers identify appropriate research directions and partners.

Development and validation of a prognostic model for cachexia in postoperative gastric cancer patients with low nutritional risk: a dual-center retrospective cohort study.

Gastric cancer can lead to excessive catabolism in patients. After undergoing gastric surgery, patients may experience additional unintended weight loss, resulting in severe malnutrition and potentially cachexia. We selected and incorporated patients from two centers. Cohort 1 (n = 1393) served as the development cohort, while cohort 2 (n = 501) was designated as an external validation cohort. Within cohort 1, 70% of the patients were utilized for model training, with the remaining 30% reserved for internal validation. The training set initially underwent univariate logistic regression, followed by multivariate logistic regression. The factors ultimately incorporated were used to construct the model and create nomograms. The discriminative ability was assessed using ROC curves in all three datasets, calibration curves were used to evaluate consistency, and decision curves analysis was performed to assess the clinical application value. The model incorporated 12 factors, specifically: age (OR = 1.07), preoperative BMI (OR = 0.89), surgery type (Total Gastrectomy (TG), OR = 1.83), chemotherapy (yes, OR = 1.52), stage (III, OR = 1.40), anastomotic obstruction (yes, OR = 6.85), Postsurgical Gastroparesis Syndrome (PGS) (yes, OR = 2.27), albumin (OR = 0.95), hemoglobin (OR = 0.98), triglycerides (OR = 0.36), CRP (OR = 1.07), and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) (OR = 1.05). The model demonstrated robust performance in ROC with AUC values of 0.805 in the training set, 0.767 in the validation set, and 0.795 in Cohort 2. Calibration curves in all three datasets exhibited a high degree of concordance between actual and predicted probabilities. Decision curve analysis (DCA) indicated that the model holds substantial clinical utility across all three datasets. We have developed a predictive model for cachexia in patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery. This model enables healthcare professionals to accurately estimate the risk of cachexia in postoperative patients with nutritional deficits, allowing for timely nutritional interventions to enhance patient quality of life and prognosis.

The Impact of ERAS and Multidisciplinary Teams on Perioperative Management in Colorectal Cancer.

The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol, a comprehensive multimodal approach, aims to mitigate surgical stress, expedite recovery, and improve postoperative outcomes. Its implementation has notably advanced perioperative care in colorectal cancer surgeries. Integrating ERAS with multidisciplinary collaboration, involving surgery, anesthesia, nursing, and nutrition, may further enhance patient outcomes, making it a significant focus in clinical practice. This study assessed the effectiveness of integrating the ERAS model with multidisciplinary collaboration during the perioperative period in colorectal cancer patients. A total of 117 patients scheduled for elective surgery at Haiyan People's Hospital between August 2023 and April 2024 were randomly assigned to either a control group (n = 59), receiving traditional care, or an experimental group (n = 58), receiving ERAS-based multidisciplinary care. Key outcomes related to postoperative rehabilitation were evaluated. Patients in the ERAS group demonstrated significantly shorter hospital stays, quicker catheter removal, and earlier mobilization compared to the control group (P < 0.0001 for all). Additionally, the ERAS group exhibited reduced postoperative inflammatory responses, as indicated by significantly lower interleukin-6 levels on the first postoperative day (P = 0.0247). The quality of life was significantly higher in the ERAS group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the ERAS group incurred lower total hospitalization expenses than the control group (P = 0.0011). These findings confirm the benefits of the ERAS protocol in enhancing postoperative recovery in colorectal cancer surgeries. The study highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in optimizing patient outcomes and reducing the burden on hospital resources.

Prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background/Objectives: Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is an important comorbidity of COPD. Although many studies have reported an association between COPD and NTM-PD, no clear estimate of the prevalence of COPD and its effects on survival times in patients with NTM-PD is available. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of COPD and its impact on survival in patients with NTM-PD. Methods: All studies reporting the prevalence of COPD in patients with NTM between 1952 and 2021 were searched using PubMed in May 2023. The inclusion criteria were studies about patients with NTM and COPD. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results: The pooled overall prevalence of COPD in patients with NTM-PD was 28% (95% confidence interval [CI], 22–35). Patients with NTM-PD were six times more likely to have COPD than those without NTM-PD (pooled odds ratio [OR], 6.26; 95% CI, 3.37–11.65). Male patients with NTM-PD had a four-fold higher risk of COPD than females (OR, 3.81; 95% CI, 1.18–12.35). The co-existence of COPD and NTM-PD was significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality compared with NTM-PD without COPD (OR, 3.65; 95% CI, 1.28–10.40). Conclusions: COPD is common in patients with NTM-PD, and patients with NTM-PD had a six-fold increase in the odds of having COPD than those without NTM-PD. The presence of COPD and NTM-PD had a significant negative effect on survival. These findings may support the need to assess the presence of COPD in patients with NTM-PD and the potential negative effects associated with the co-existence of COPD and NTM-PD.

Adolescent Chlamydia Screening in Pediatric Primary Care: A Quality Improvement Project.

To increase Chlamydia trachomatis screening in adolescents 15-19 years of age from 7.8% to 15% following a 6-week implementation of universal chlamydia screening at three paediatric primary care (PPC) sites. Pre-implementation (1 January 2022-19 October 2022) and post-implementation (20 October 2022-1 June 2023) screening rates were tracked through run charts and compared via Chi-square testing. Universal opt-out chlamydia screening with universal urine collection for 15- to 19-year-old was implemented at well visits, along with patient and staff education, and sexually transmitted infection treatment protocols. Chlamydia trachomatis screening increased from 7.8% to 34.1% with implementation of universal opt-out chlamydia screening. Proportions of patients screened increased significantly among White individuals, males and privately insured individuals. A universal C. trachomatis screening project can be feasibly implemented in pediatric primary care and successfully increase adolescent chlamydia screening rates. Implementing a universal opt-out C. trachomatis screening project is feasible in PPC and can help achieve the public health goal of chlamydia identification and treatment. These findings will be impactful for both paediatric primary care and adolescent patients. The universal, opt-out C. trachomatis screening approach facilitated screening increases, improved equity in screening and led to increased case detection and treatment which has vast significance for those patients. This manuscript is submitted using the SQUIRE 2.0 guidelines for quality improvement reporting. Patient contribution included de-identified data collection of chlamydia screening rates of eligible adolescents 15-19 years old who attended routine well visits at the three PPC locations. The data were reviewed on a dashboard, then stratified by race, ethnicity, payor and sex assigned at birth.

Impact of Transoral Robotic Surgery Versus Radiation on Swallowing Function in Oropharyngeal Cancer Patients: A Sub-Study From a Randomized Trial.

This ORATOR sub-study evaluated swallowing physiology in patients treated with transoral robotic surgery (TORS) versus radiotherapy (RT) for early-stage oropharynx cancer. Swallowing physiology was evaluated using videofluoroscopy and outcomes were compared across treatment arms and correlated with MDADI scores. Of the 68 patients in the ORATOR trial, 21 participated in this sub-study (30.8%), including 15 RT Arm and six TORS Arm patients. Swallowing profiles were not significantly different between the arms. MBSImP pharyngeal scores for RT Arm versus TORS Arm patients were 4.8 (±2.1) versus 4.3 (±1.5) at baseline, 6.2 (±1.2) versus 9.6 (±4.8) at 6 months and 5.9 (±1.8) versus 8.0 (±4.7) at 12 months. MBSImP pharyngeal scores demonstrated weak associations with several MDADI subscales and PAS scores. To best describe swallowing outcomes in studies of RT and/or surgery, instrumental swallowing assessments should be strongly considered in addition to quality of life measures.

Effect of autonomic nervous system resection extent on urinary dysfunction in robotic rectal cancer surgery

AbstractAimWe investigated whether autonomic nervous system resection during robotic rectal surgery contributes to urinary dysfunction and to what extent.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent rectal surgery for primary rectal cancer between December 2011 and April 2021. We identified urinary dysfunction risk factors and examined the effect of autonomic nervous system resection extent on urinary dysfunction occurrence, with urinary dysfunction defined as a residual urine volume of &gt;50 mL. Urinary dysfunction with no improvement over 1 y was defined as permanent urinary dysfunction.ResultsOf 1017 eligible patients, 78 (7.7%) required autonomic nervous system resection. Lateral lymph node dissection was performed in 357 patients (35.1%). Urinary dysfunction was observed in 102 patients (10.0%). We studied 32 (41.0%) of 78 patients who underwent autonomic nervous system resection and 82 (23.0%) of 357 patients who underwent lateral lymph node dissection presented with urinary dysfunction. Multivariate analysis revealed that lateral lymph node dissection and autonomic nervous system resection were significant predictors of urinary dysfunction. The urinary dysfunction incidence was notably higher in patients with autonomic nervous system unilateral total resection of at least one side than in those with bilateral preservation (65.4% vs. 28.8%, p &lt; 0.01), and permanent urinary dysfunction exclusively occurred in these patients.ConclusionIn robotic surgery, autonomic nervous system resection and lateral lymph node dissection were independent risk factors for urinary dysfunction. Furthermore, the extent of autonomic nervous system resection may increase the risk of permanent urinary dysfunction.

Improving recovery after bowel cancer surgery: mixed methods feasibility study of a co-produced information intervention (Recover Together).

Recovery after surgery for colorectal cancer is a complex process, involving numerous physiological, emotional, social and economic challenges. Good information is a key factor for enabling patients to recover well, but there is a paucity of evidence to guide how this should be done. A new information intervention (Recover Together) comprising a booklet, an online video and an inpatient goal board has been developed. This study explores its feasibility, as well as the feasibility of key study methods, during its first use in the United Kingdom National Health Service (NHS). This is a mixed methods, multi-centre, feasibility study of a complex intervention. A total of 105 participants undergoing oncological colorectal surgery will be recruited across three to four study sites in the UK. Participants will receive each component of the Recover Together intervention at defined timepoints before and during hospital admission. A series of patient-centred outcome instruments will be administered in hospital and during follow-up at 30 days and 6 months. Outcomes of feasibility will comprise the time taken to establish the intervention at participating sites, assessments of intervention fidelity and acceptability, as well as return rates of key clinical outcome instruments. The mixed methods design will comprise interviews and focus groups with patients and health professionals, non-participant observation in ward areas and clinics, user-specific video analytics and daily photographs of the goal boards. The findings of this study will provide a feasibility assessment of the Recover Together intervention when used for the first time in NHS practice. If shown to be feasible, this will guide the development of a future definitive study to explore the clinical and cost effectiveness of the Recover Together intervention to improve recovery after surgery. ISRCTN62430915.

American Society for Microbiology evidence-based laboratory medicine practice guidelines to reduce blood culture contamination rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

SUMMARYBlood cultures (BCs) are one of the critical tests used to detect bloodstream infections. BC results are not 100% specific. Interpretation of BC results is often complicated by detecting microbial contamination rather than true infection. False positives due to blood culture contamination (BCC) vary from 1% to as high as >10% of all BC results. False-positive BC results may result in patients undergoing unnecessary antimicrobial treatments, increased healthcare costs, and delay in detecting the true cause of infection or other non-infectious illness. Previous guidelines from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, College of American Pathologists, and others, based on expert opinion and surveys, promoted a limit of ≤3% as acceptable for BCC rates. However, the data supporting such recommendations are controversial. A previous systematic review of BCC examined three practices for reducing BCC rates (venipuncture, phlebotomy teams, and pre-packaged kits). Subsequently, numerous studies on different practices including using diversion devices, disinfectants, and education/training to lower BCC have been published. The goal of the current guideline is to identify beneficial intervention strategies to reduce BCC rates, including devices, practices, and education/training by providers in collaboration with the laboratory. We performed a systematic review of the literature between 2017 and 2022 using numerous databases. Of the 11,319 unique records identified, 311 articles were sought for full-text review, of which 177 were reviewed; 126 of the full-text articles were excluded based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted from a total of 49 articles included in the final analysis. An evidenced-based committee's expert panel reviewed all the references as mentioned in Data Collection and determined if the articles met the inclusion criteria. Data from extractions were captured within an extraction template in the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Systematic Review Data Repository (https://srdr.ahrq.gov/). BCC rates were captured as the number of events (contaminated samples) per arm (standard practice versus improvement practice). Modified versions of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Study Quality Assessment Tools were used for risk of bias assessment (https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/study-quality-assessment-tools). We used Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations to assess strength of evidence. There are several interventions that resulted in significant reduction in BCC rates: chlorhexidine as a disinfectant for skin preparation, using a diversion device prior to drawing BCs, using sterile technique practices, using a phlebotomy team to obtain BCs, and education/training programs. While there were no substantial differences between methods of decreasing BCC, our results indicate that the method of implementation can determine the success or failure of the intervention. Our evidence-based systematic review and meta-analysis support several interventions to effectively reduce BCC by approximately 40%-60%. However, devices alone without an education/training component and buy-in from key stakeholders to implement various interventions would not be as effective in reducing BCC rates.

Navigating Gatekeeping Challenges in Pediatric and Young Adult Palliative Oncology and End-of-Life Research.

Participation in research offers families a sense of control and meaning in pediatric cancer care. Gatekeeping limits progress-collaboration is key. #PediatricOncology #PalliativeCare #Research #PallOnc #pedonc #hpm #hapc.

The Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) Calculator Overestimates MODY Probability in Hispanic Youth.

The applicability of the MODY risk calculator (Shields et al) to non- White European populations remains unknown. We aimed to test its real-world application in Hispanic youth. We conducted a retrospective chart review of Hispanic youth (<23 years) with diabetes (n=2033) in a large pediatric tertiary care center in the U.S. We calculated MODY probability for all subjects, splitting them into two cohorts based on the original model: Individuals who were started on insulin within 6 months of diabetes diagnosis (Cohort 1) and those who were not (Cohort 2). Cohort 1 consisted of 1566 individuals (median age [25p, 75p]: 16 [13, 19] years, 49% female), while Cohort 2 comprised 467 youth (median age [25p, 75p]: 17 [15, 20] years, 62% female). The mean MODY probability was 5.9% and 61.9% in Cohort 1 and Cohort 2, respectively. The mean probability for both cohorts combined was 18.8% suggesting an expected 382 individuals with MODY, which is much higher than previous estimations (1-5%; i.e. 20-102 individuals in this cohort). A total of 18 individuals tested positive for MODY among the limited number of individuals tested based on clinical suspicion and genetic testing availability (n=44 out of 2033 tested, [2.2% of overall cohort]). The MODY risk calculator likely overestimates the probability of MODY in Hispanic youth, largely driven by an overestimation in those not early-insulin treated (predominantly young-onset type 2 diabetes). The calculator needs updating to improve its applicability in this population. In addition, further research to help better identify MODY in Hispanic youth.