Conducting Field Research Research Articles

Analyzing the Xinjiang Elements in Sun Yiqiang's Piano Work Spring Dance

Spring Dance, composed in the 1980s by Sun Yiqiang, who was born in 1948 in Shanghai, is a piano piece with distinct Chinese national characteristics. At the invitation of his friend Liu Shikun, Sun Yiqiang traveled to Xinjiang to conduct field research on local music. He was particularly inspired by observing the joyful scenes of people dancing and riding horses after work, which became the foundation for his composition. The music reflects Suns genuine emotional response to these experiences, blending both gentle and passionate tones, creating dynamic contrasts throughout the piece. It incorporates the musical elements from Xinjiang, giving the composition a regional flavor. The listener can almost feel the warmth of the Xinjiang people and the beauty of the regions environment through the music. The analysis of these elements in Spring Dance enable foreign piano enthusiasts to gain a deeper understanding of Chinese culture, particularly the musical characteristics of ethnic minorities in that border region. This, in turn, helps promote Chinese culture as a bridge of friendship both domestically and internationally.

Implementasi Media Flash Card untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik Materi Fakta dan Opini Kelas IV Di SDN Gili Timur 1 Kamal

This research is motivated by the lack of student motivation in learning Indonesian, which is due to the limited availability of innovative learning media. Additionally, this research is tailored to the abilities of the students. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of student motivation in using flash card media in Indonesian language subjects at the elementary school level. The method used is a qualitative approach by conducting field research, with data obtained through observation, interviews, documentation, analysis, reduction, presentation, and data verification. The results of the study indicate that the use of flash card media can enhance student motivation in learning materials on facts and opinions, create an enjoyable classroom atmosphere, and foster student enthusiasm. Moreover, it helps students become more actively engaged in the learning process.

Implementasi Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Pembiasaan Nilai-Nilai Cinta Al-Qur'an Pada Peserta Didik

Purpose- This study aims to explore how Islamic religious education is being implemented at MI Birrul Walidain Darussalam Tangerang through the values of the religion of love Al-Qur’an Learning Tahsin and Tahfidz, reveal the implications of using this strategy and reveal development plans for the future. Methods- This study uses qualitative methods to conduct field research. Primary and secondary data are two different categories of data. Techniques for collecting data include observation, interviews, and documentation. Findings - The results of this study indicate that 1). The implementation of learning to Love the Qur’an through Tahsin and Tahfidz at MI Birrul Walidain Batuceper has 3 aspects, namely in terms of planning, implementation and evaluation, 2). The implementation of the use of learning the Love of the Qur’an, namely Tahsin and Tahfidz at MI Birrul Walidain Batuceper is that the teacher can deepen the knowledge of the Qur’an and repeat the memorization that has been owned, reduces student difficulties, students have better morals, understand more content of verses, more disciplined, hardworking, patient, independent, honest, grades can be on target, achievers, have a good impact on the environment, a school atmosphere that loves the Qur’an, parents of students participate in Tahsin learning, and alumni become donors, and 3 ). The plan for developing the Tahsin and Tahfidz Al-Qur’an learning strategy at MI Birrul Walidain Batuceper for the future is to make a special Tahsin and Tahfidz program, hold seminars, memorize the Al-Qur’an community, train teachers, make it a special class, make certificates, graduation, acceleration, allocating funds, freeing tuition fees, facilitating students to enter universities, requirements for taking diplomas, and cooperation with Tahfidz institutions

Distribution Patterns of Urban Spontaneous Vegetation Diversity and Their Response to Habitat Heterogeneity: A Case Study of Five Cities in Heilongjiang Province, China.

Spontaneous vegetation is an important component of urban biodiversity and an excellent agent for exploring the mutual feedback mechanism between urbanization and urban ecosystems. Rapid urbanization has had a significant impact on the composition, structure, and distribution patterns of urban spontaneous vegetation diversity. Studying the diversity distribution patterns and causes of urban plant communities is beneficial for understanding the formation and maintenance mechanisms of plant diversity in specific urban habitats. This study selected five cities in different climate subregions of Heilongjiang Province as research targets and conducted field research using uniform sampling and typical sampling methods. The composition, distribution pattern, and driving factors of spontaneous vegetation were analyzed. The results showed the following: (1) A total of 633 examples of spontaneous vegetation were recorded, belonging to 93 families and 341 genera, mainly consisting of herbaceous plants and native plants. (2) The diversity index and similarity index of spontaneous vegetation in gravel-type abandoned land habitats are higher than those in other habitat types, while the diversity index of spontaneous vegetation in trees and shrubs is lower, and there is no significant difference in regards to different habitats. (3) Urban population density is a key factor affecting the diversity of native plants, while woody plant coverage, patch area, and landscape trait index are key factors affecting non-native plants. (4) The results of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that the total explanatory power of environmental characteristic factors in regards to the distribution pattern of spontaneous vegetation was 7.5%. The closest distance between adjacent patches, the coverage of woody plants in patches, the distance from the city edge, the patch area, and the surface impermeability of the buffer zones were key factors affecting the distribution of dominant species in spontaneous vegetation communities. The research results will provide an important reference for the conservation of urban biodiversity and the construction of low-maintenance urban green space plant landscapes in Heilongjiang Province.

URBAN PLANNING AND VULNERABILITY IN SÃO FÉLIX DO XINGU

This paper investigates the topic “Urban Planning and Vulnerability in São Félix do Xingu: The Role of Civil Defense in Responding to Floods and Flash Floods.” The main objective is to identify the key urban planning practices discussed in the literature that can be applied to mitigate the impacts of hydrological disasters in São Félix do Xingu, in the Amazon region. A qualitative approach was used, focusing on a literature review, analyzing the interaction between urban planning policies and Civil Defense actions. The research considers studies published in the last ten years, focusing on tropical regions similar to the Amazon, and categorizes urban planning practices by geographic regions and their integration with Civil Defense. The main results highlight the need to strengthen coordination between Civil Defense and urban planning, as well as the importance of early warning systems and relocation strategies to reduce vulnerability. The comparative analysis revealed gaps in public policies and the need to adapt best practices to the local context. The study concludes that reducing the vulnerability of São Félix do Xingu requires an integrated approach between different sectors, strengthening urban infrastructure, and involving local communities. For future studies, it is suggested to conduct field research and develop local vulnerability and resilience indicators to support the formulation of more effective and contextualized public policies for the Amazon region.

Analysis of Employee Satisfaction in Non-Profit Organisations - Based on a Survey of an Association in Nanjing City

Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the gradual expansion of the non-profit organization team, its related needs in human resource management have become increasingly urgent. And the related research on human resource management in non-profit organizations has gradually attracted attention. However, compared with the more mature research on human resource management in for-profit organizations, there are relatively few studies on human resource management in non-profit organizations. This paper selects employee satisfaction as the starting point to study the human resource management of non-profit organizations. Employee satisfaction, as one of the dimensions for judging the human resource management level of non-profit organizations, can detect problems in the human resource management of the organization as early as possible and make corresponding improvements to meet the needs of employees and enhance their work enthusiasm. At the same time, employee satisfaction can also predict employees' mobility intentions and become an important reference for preventing brain drain in advance. This research is based on the relevant theory of job satisfaction, using a questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews as research methods. Take an association in Nanjing as an example to conduct field research and analysis on employee satisfaction in non-profit organizations. In-depth analysis, using SPSS software to carry out descriptive statistical analysis on the data collected by the questionnaire survey and test the reliability and validity of the questionnaire results, found the shortcomings of human resource management in non-profit organizations. Through relevant theoretical analysis, taking into account the actual situation of the association, it puts forward corresponding improvement measures and suggestions for the human resource management of non-profit organizations.

Research Ethics, Fieldwork, and African Studies

In recent years, there has been a noticeable uptick in efforts to address the ethical, methodological, and security challenges of conducting field research. In fact, an entire scholarly community has emerged from different pockets of area and conflict studies to develop and share a body of literature and foster interactive forums to advance this important area of study.1 Much of this work builds on the influential accounts of individual researchers (Wood 2006), which has developed into more systematic categories for the myriad issues of fieldwork (Sriram et al. 2009), as well as frameworks to understand researcher-related, subject-related, and result-related problems (Baele et al. 2018). Some have noted that the challenges associated with ethics, security, and methods are “amplified in conflict zones” (Cramer, Hammond, and Pottier 2011). Others have observed the African context in particular may require its own approach (Thomson, Ansoms, and Murison 2013), prompting the journal African Affairs to dedicate space to a series of research notes that tackle fieldwork in particular (Cheeseman, Death, and Whitfield 2017).

Indoor environmental evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine clinic – taking the treatment space as an example

ABSTRACT Currently, there are no targeted standards and norms for Chinese medicine clinic diagnosis and treatment space. This study conducted field research in nine Chinese medicine clinics located in Hangzhou. The field research included the measurement of physical environment data in addition to the patients' subjective evaluation of the factors of the physical environment and design within the clinics, followed by statistical data analysis. The results show that the order of importance of physical environment factors in the diagnosis and treatment space was as follows: air quality > sound pressure level > humidity > temperature and the order of importance of the design factors were as follows: access route > supporting facilities > overall style > spatial scale > barrier-free design > cultural atmosphere and the order of importance of the spatial scale factors were as follows: area > the number of beds > window-to-wall ratio > floor height. The study presents the reference values of the physical environment parameters and spatial scale of the Chinese medicine clinics and the importance ranking of each factor.

Is it even worth it? The ethics of researching armed groups in ‘the field’

ABSTRACT Conflict scholars are increasingly voicing concerns about the risks and challenges of conducting research in violent environments. Yet, this collective effort remains largely driven by the underlying belief that conducting fieldwork in conflict settings is both necessary for knowledge production and social change, and appropriate with regards to mainstream ethical guidelines and practices. In this article, we reflect on our experiences and positionalities conducting field research on armed groups in Afghanistan to question these assumptions. We challenge common understandings of ‘the field’ itself as a bounded, demarcated space in which the consequences of a researcher’s actions can be anticipated, mitigated or prevented. We expose the fallacy of ever controlling ‘the field’ and argue that the likelihood of achieving any unquestionable good through immersive research is therefore quite low. We advocate for a more humble approach to our research endeavours and, overall, more restraint. The bar for ethical field-intensive research might be much higher than we all assume. We must accept that, at times, the risks are not worth it.

Research on the Management of Residents in Resettlement Communities in the Yellow River Beach Area: A Case Study of H Community in Jinan City

In recent years, China has attached great importance to the development of the Yellow River coastal areas and formulated many promotion policies for this purpose. The relocation and resettlement of residents in the Yellow River beach area is one of them. The implementation of this measure has enabled the people in the beach area to move out of the Yellow River coast in an orderly manner, ensuring the safety of residents and making their lives more convenient. At the same time, it also promotes the construction of new rural communities. H community is a typical community for relocation in Huanghe Beach District, Jinan City. This study conducted semi-structured interviews with residents of different identities and occupations in the H community, and conducted field research for a period of time to point out the governance status and difficulties of the H community. Based on the research, suggestions were proposed for similar communities and problems.

Полевые исследования как средство формирования межкультурной компетентности студентов педагогических вузов

The increase in global interactions has caused a growth in the exchange of ideas, beliefs, and culture. These phenomena have also affected schools, so it is important to develop intercultural competence in teachers. The study involved students who studied in 2013–2018 at the Faculty of Psychology and Pedagogy of the Chuvash State Pedagogical University named after I. Ya. Yakovlev. The study was conducted in three stages: 1) identifying the levels of the motivational and value component of intercultural competence; 2) organizing and conducting field research by students in order to form the cognitive-activity component of intercultural competence; 3) re-diagnostics of the motivational and value component. The main content of the article reveals the results of field research conducted by students of the pedagogical university under the supervision of the author in Chuvash, Russian, Tatar and Mordvin villages of the Chuvash Republic.

Seasonal variations in psychophysiological stress recovery from street greenery: A virtual reality study on vegetation structures and configurations

The benefits of street greenery for well-being in urban development are widely recognized. However, few studies have explored seasonal variations in the psychophysiological stress recovery effects of different street greenery. To address this gap, we conducted field research in the Guanzhong region of China and created virtual streetscapes representing different seasons using Mars 2020 software. This study categorized vegetation into various layers based on their biological attributes: deciduous and evergreen trees for the arbor layer, evergreen and colourful foliage hedges for the shrub layer, observable and unobservable flowering herbs for the herb layer. They were then classified into Tree, Tree-Shrub, Tree-Herb, and Tree-Shrub-Herb structures, all of which had different seasons and vegetation configurations. 1,136 participants were recorded for psychophysiological changes in different street greenery virtual reality scenarios. The results were as follows: 1. Streets with greenery exhibited greater stress recovery effects than those without greenery. Seasonally, the physiological stress recovery effects were greater in autumn and winter, and there was an interaction between season, structure, configuration factors. 2. Overall, the Tree-Shrub structure was most effective for stress recovery, the Tree-Shrub-Herb structure was least effective. However, the Tree-Shrub-Herb structure proved to be the best in winter. 3. Rich color and stable green coverage were most effective for improving psychological and physiological stress recovery, respectively. However, the optimal vegetation types and configurations for stress recovery vary with specific viewing periods within each season. These findings offer a theoretical foundation and practical reference for designing health-oriented street greenery and seasonal landscapes in future.

Analisis Pengembalian Dana Tabarru Bagi Pemegang Polis Yang Berhenti Sebelum Masa Perjanjian Berakhir

This research aims to analyze the return of Tabarru Funds for policy holders who quit before the agreement period ends at PT Sun Life Syari'ah Medan Branch from a sharia insurance perspective. This research is a type of quantitative research, namely by conducting field research. The data sources used in this research are primary data and secondary data. Data collection was obtained from interviews, documentation and observation. To analyze the data, researchers used descriptive analysis methods. Data analysis techniques are carried out by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. Research subject to related and authorized parties at PT Sun Life Syariah Medan Branch. The research object is the return of Tabarru Funds for policy holders who quit before the agreement period ends. The research results show that the implementation of the Tabarru contract at PT Sun Life is in accordance with the Fatwa of the National Sharia Council regarding Tabarru contracts for sharia insurance and Sharia Reinsurance. Based on the results of the interview, PT Sun Life stated that the Tabarru Fund return procedure which stops before the agreement period ends must still meet the requirements, where the return is in accordance with the type of product the customer purchased and the return is not in full, but in part after deducting administration fees and policy issuance. , and other costs that have been incurred.

From snapshots to panoramas: navigating power, space, and time in the study of armed groups

ABSTRACT The complex nature of civil conflict makes it inherently difficult to study, which is exacerbated by the challenges of conducting field research in volatile conflict zones. How do these challenges affect the data gathered and inferences drawn about armed groups? This article examines the epistemological, practical, and ethical issues of researching armed organisations across varying power relations, space, and time. We highlight the divergent perspectives that emerge within armed group hierarchies, the varying realities across conflict geographies, and shifts in armed group trajectories and narratives that arise over time. Based on research in Africa and Latin America, we identify the pitfalls of capturing isolated ‘snapshots’ related to with whom, where, and when research was conducted, and we advocate for a ‘panoramic’ approach to the study of armed groups, recognising both limits to available data and the evolving nature of armed groups and their behaviour. Ultimately, we offer a conceptual roadmap for understanding the main axes along which variation in armed group organisation and behaviour unfolds, provide recommendations on how to navigate them, and call for caution in the generalisation of research findings and policy prescriptions, given the limitations and liminal nature of knowledge about armed groups.

Effects of different audiovisual landscapes in bamboo forest space on physical and mental restorative potential of university students: based on eye-tracking experiments

With its unique audiovisual environment, bamboo forest spaces serve as natural sanctuaries for urban residents, offering significant restorative effects by reducing physical and mental stress and alleviating fatigue. This promotes the vigorous development of outdoor recreation activities. To further explore the restorative effects of bamboo forest space on people's audiovisual perceptual aspects. In this study, we conducted field research in the Southern Sichuan Bamboo Sea, collecting audiovisual materials from four types of bamboo forest spaces: pathway type, cultural type, ornamental type, and recreational. These spatial photographs were combined with three types of soundscapes (silent, background, and background + wind-blown bamboo sound). Eye tracking experiments were utilized to investigate the physical and mental restorative effects of these different audiovisual features on college students. The results showed that in the visual aspect, the visual restorative properties of recreational-type and ornamental-type bamboo spaces were better than those of pathway type and cultural-type spaces; in the auditory aspect, the sounds of wind-blown bamboo, flowing water, and chirping birds in the bamboo forest significantly enhanced the subjective restorative properties of the bamboo forest space, reducing the number of fixations and the average pupil diameter. In addition, this paper found that the soundscape guided people's visual attention, with the wind-blown bamboo sound increasing focus on natural elements, and the extensibility of the bamboo forest space was positively correlated with the number of fixations, while fascination was negatively correlated with the average saccade amplitude. These findings provide insights for the optimized design of audiovisual restorative environments in bamboo forest space in the future.

A group decision-making model for architectural programming in megaprojects

PurposeDue to the complexity and diversity of megaprojects, the architectural programming process often involves multiple stakeholders, making decision-making difficult and susceptible to subjective factors. This study aims to propose an architectural programming methodology system (APMS) for megaprojects based on group decision-making model to enhance the accuracy and transparency of decision-making, and to facilitate participation and integration among stakeholders. This method allows multiple interest groups to participate in decision-making, gathers various perspectives and opinions, thereby improving the quality and efficiency of architectural programming and promoting the smooth implementation of projects.Design/methodology/approachThis study first clarifies the decision-making subjects, decision objects, and decision methods of APMS based on group decision-making theory and value-based architectural programming methods. Furthermore, the entropy weight method and fuzzy TOPSIS method are employed as calculation methods to comprehensively evaluate decision alternatives and derive optimal decision conclusions. The workflow of APMS consists of four stages: preparation, information, decision, and evaluation, ensuring the scientific and systematic of the decision-making process.FindingsThis study conducted field research and empirical analysis on a practical megaproject of a comprehensive transport hub to verify the effectiveness of APMS. The results show that, in terms of both short-distance and long-distance transportation modes, the decision-making results of APMS are largely consistent with the preliminary programming outcomes of the project. However, regarding transfer modes, the APMS decision-making results revealed certain discrepancies between the project's current status and the preliminary programming.Originality/valueAPMS addresses the shortcomings in decision accuracy and stakeholder participation and integration in the current field of architectural programming. It not only enhances stakeholder participation and interaction but also considers various opinions and interests comprehensively. Additionally, APMS has significant potential in optimizing project performance, accelerating project processes, and reducing resource waste.

THE OFFENSE OF SHARING ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT DISSEMINATING ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS CONTAINING DEFAMATORY INFORMATION

The rapid development of information technology has raised concerns about cybercrime and mayantara crime, which has an impact on various aspects of life. Therefore, people who communicate on social networks must have good ethics and interact well with others because their mistakes can result in criminal sanctions. This research aims to understand criminal offenses, sanctions, and legal considerations in the dissemination of defamatory electronic documents and information. Normative juridical is used by the author in this research which means using court decisions as the basis for solving problems. Secondary data is obtained from primary data used in this research. Data for this research was collected through literature research. Qualitative data was used for analysis. Dissemination of electronic information containing defamation or Article 27 paragraph (3) of the Electronic Information and Transaction Law regulates defamation. Defamation of private electronic information is a violation of the law. In Decision No. 978/Pid.Sus/2018/PT. MDN of the Medan High Court, the judge decided that the perpetrator of the criminal offence of disseminating electronic documents and information containing insults and defamation fulfilled the requirements of Articles 45 and 27 of the Electronic Information and Transaction Law, both including paragraph (3). This research concludes that the judge has applied the provisions of the Electronic Information and Transaction Law. Future research should conduct field research related to this field.

Strategy for improving the spirituality of the GBI Church in Bandung based on 2 Timothy 2:1–13

The author conducted research to address three problem statements as follows: Firstly, what are the teachings and ideas of Paul in 2 Timothy 2:1–13 to foster the spiritual growth of the congregation? Secondly, how do the leaders of Bethel Church in the Bandung region develop strategies for spiritual nurturing of their congregation? And thirdly, what is the significance of implementing 2 Timothy 2:1–13 in increasing the number of congregations at Bethel Indonesia Church in the Bandung area? To address these problem statements, the author conducted field research by interviewing 19 pastors in the city of Bandung, in addition to library research. From this research, it was found that 42% of churches that adhere to the principles in 2 Timothy 2:1–13 experienced rapid growth, while 32% that only partially followed the principles did not experience the same level of growth. The remaining churches that did not pay sufficient attention to the strategies of spiritual nurturing based on the principles in 2 Timothy 2:1–13 experienced stagnant or declining growth. Out of the 20 GBI church members interviewed, 80% stated that their spiritual growth resulted from discipleship through mentoring methods implemented by their church. Therefore, the strategies for spiritual nurturing identified in this research can be utilised by churches to foster both the spiritual growth and the quantitative growth of the church.Contributions: This research helps readers to understand how to improve the spirituality of the congregation through the strategies of the Apostle Paul.

Predicting the Integrated Fire Resistance of Wildland–Urban Interface Plant Communities by Spatial Structure Analysis Learning for Shanghai, China

Abstract: Fire is a prevalent hazard that poses a significant risk to public safety and societal progress. The continuous expansion of densely populated urban areas, exacerbated by global warming and the increasing intensification of urban heat islands, has led to a notable increase in the frequency and severity of fires worldwide. Incorporating measures to withstand different types of calamities has always been a crucial aspect of urban infrastructure. Well-designed plant communities play a pivotal role as a component of green space systems in addressing climate-related challenges, effectively mitigating the occurrence and spread of fires. This study conducted field research on 21 sites in the green belt around Shanghai, China, quantifying tree morphological indexes and coordinate positions. The spatial structure attributes of different plant communities were analyzed by principal component analysis, CRITIC weighting approach, and stepwise regression analysis to build a comprehensive fire resistance prediction model. Through this research, the relationship between community spatial structures and fire resistance was explored. A systematic construction of a prediction model based on community spatial structures for fire resistance was undertaken, and the fire resistance performance could be quickly judged by easily measured tree morphological indexes, providing valuable insights for the dynamic prediction of fire resistance. According to the evaluation and ranking conducted by the prediction model, the Celtis sinensis, Sapindus saponaria, Osmanthus fragrans, Koelreuteria paniculata, and Distylium racemosum + Populus euramericana ‘I-214’ communities exhibited a high level of fire resistance. On the other hand, the Koelreuteria bipinnata + Ligustrum lucidum, Ginkgo biloba + Camphora officinarum + Ligustrum lucidum, and Ligustrum lucidum + Sapindus saponaria communities obtained lower scores and were positioned lower in the ranking. It is emphasized that the integration of monitoring and regulation is essential to ensure the ecological integrity and well-being of green areas in the Wildland–Urban Interface.

Pengaruh Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Guru Honorer di Sekolah Dasar Kecamatan Somba Opu Kabupaten Gowa

It is important for schools to consider the inclusion of honorary teaching staff to expedite the process of paying them salaries. Apart from that, the government is also obliged to prioritize providing assistance to schools experiencing a shortage of civil servant teachers, because there are still many institutions that need additional teaching staff. This research uses quantitative research methods, with the main focus on producing numerical data. The data collection process involves conducting field research, which involves gathering information directly from participants and observing their behavior directly. The findings of this research show that compensation has a significant role in shaping the performance of Honorary Elementary School Teachers in Somba Opu District, Gowa Regency. It was found that approximately 28.4% of the variation in performance could be attributed to compensation, demonstrating the importance of compensation in determining teacher effectiveness. This shows that the amount of compensation received by honorary teachers in Somba Opu District, Gowa Regency has a direct impact on their level of performance.