Conditions For Various Types Research Articles

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)-Dependent Protein Deacetylase, Sirtuin, as a Biomarker of Healthy Life Expectancy: A Mini-Review.

Although a variety of disease-specific biomarkers have been identified for common lifestyle- or aging-related diseases, there are currently no indices available to measure general health or the existence of pre-symptomatic conditions in various types of tissue and organ damage. A rising body of research suggests that sirtuins may have the potential to be used as an index to assess overall health status and the existence of pre-symptomatic illness states. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylases expressed in a variety of human somatic cells both in health and disease conditions. The activity and expression of SIRTs affect important metabolic pathways, such as cell survival, senescence, proliferation, energy production, stress tolerance, DNA repair, and apoptosis, thereby closely linked to aging and longevity. Given the broad significance of SIRTs in physiological function maintenance, their activity in somatic cells may reflect the early cross-sectional status of tissue damage caused by aging or systemic inflammatory responses that are too early to be detected by disease-specific biomarkers. In this mini-review, we discuss the utility of SIRTs as a surrogate clinical biomarker for health status to evaluate and monitor health life expectancy and the presence of pre-symptomatic illness states.

Representation of data by their residual images during transmission and reception of messages in wireless information and telecommunication systems under interference conditions

The article is devoted to the development of new methods used in information technologies for monitoring the results of telemetry in conditions of various types of interference, the need for which is most acute in the development of automated systems for monitoring the technical condition of complex complexes and systems. To resolve the contradictions, a new non-traditional approach is proposed that uses diagnostic methods for obtaining estimates of measurement results, the basis of which is the non-traditional representation of measurement data by their residual images during data transmission and reception in wireless information communications.

Service life prediction of timber-concrete composite floors

Timber-concrete composite (TCC) systems have application for new floors and for upgrading and enhancing of existing timber floors in residential and office buildings. In order to develop the optimal maintenance programs of structures, it is essential to predict the performance of structures over their life-cycle. The long-term behavior of timber-concrete composite floors is influenced by a combination of various factors, including material properties, load distribution, moisture effects, temperature effects and durability considerations. Timber and concrete material in the composite system, exhibit different behaviors over time due to their inherent characteristics. Deterioration prediction models are used to estimate the future degradation and condition of various types of structures. The aim of this paper is to present two probabilistic models, random variable deterioration rate model and stochastic gamma process model, that will capture uncertainty and variability associated with the deterioration of TCC floor under the service load and to estimate its service life.

Intelligent support for agreed decision-making under uncertain constraints

The issue of information and analytical support for the process of making agreed decisions is discussed. It is shown that the concept of “consistency” can be expressed by various mathematical constructions. A method of formalizing the process of matching interests based on the use of computational probabilistic analysis is considered, which allows considering all interested parties from the standpoint of a single whole — the system. Particular attention is paid to the issues of constructing the area of agreed constraints under conditions of various types of uncertainty. It is shown that such an approach will allow participants in the coordination process to obtain additional grounds and convincing evidence for the development of an agreed decision.

Public Administration in a Context of Engaging Local Communities for Solar Energy Spreading: Analysis of Innovative Models and Challenges for Ukraine

The article examines the opportunities and challenges related to the implementation of innovative solar energy models in urban and rural (settlement) territorial communities. It is identified that in urban communities, where there is high competition for space, solar energy opens up new possibilities for sustainable development through the integration of solar panels on the roofs of buildings, in office centers, and other urban structures, contributing to the reduction of dependence on traditional energy sources and decreasing carbon emissions. Innovative solutions, such as solar roads and facades generating energy, demonstrate significant potential for further integration into urbanized environments. At the same time, rural (settlement) areas face their own set of challenges and opportunities in using solar energy, where the lack of access to centralized energy supply makes it an ideal solution for providing local communities with electricity. Solar systems can be installed on individual houses, in schools, and hospitals, not only providing them with electricity but also contributing to social and economic development. Particularly, in the context of ensuring safety and improving the comfort level of local residents, the use of autonomous street lighting systems in remote areas, capable of operating without connection to the electrical grid due to being fully powered by solar energy, which is unlimited in supply and harmless to the natural environment, deserves special attention. Moreover, the agricultural sector can also reap significant benefits from the development of solar energy by using photovoltaic systems for irrigation, ventilation, and other needs of farming operations. At the same time, the transition to solar energy is accompanied by certain challenges, including integration into existing power grids, energy storage, regulatory and financial barriers, etc. However, progress in battery technology development, improvements in the political and economic climate, and increasing public support are contributing to the industry’s development. The article analyzes how solar energy can transform urban and rural landscapes, creating new business models and promoting sustainable and economically viable futures. A series of successful solar energy use cases that demonstrate its potential for urban and rural (settlement) areas are considered. The article emphasizes the importance of integrating solar energy into the overall energy system and the need to focus joint efforts of public authorities, business structures, and civil society to overcome existing challenges. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the comprehensive analysis and synthesis of contemporary cutting-edge approaches to the implementation of projects in the field of solar energy, which can ensure efficient use of solar energy under the conditions of various types of territorial communities, which is extremely relevant under the conditions of post-war recovery and development.

A Scoping Review on Medicinal Properties of Piper betle (Sirih) Based on Malay Medical Manuscripts and Scientific Literatures

Background: Malay medical manuscripts have deciphered the medicinal value of Piper betle (sirih) enormously. In this review, an effort was made to explore the medicinal use of P. betle and correlate this information with the scientific evidence. Methods: The information regarding the use of P. betle was retrieved from the books consisting of a Malay medical manuscript with an identification number MSS 2219 from the National Library of Malaysia. PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus databases were used to collect information regarding the scientific evidence for the medicinal use of P. betle. This review was written following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The keywords used for searching the articles included P. betle, antimicrobial, analgaesic, haepatic and gastric. Results: MSS 2219 showed that P. betle has varied medicinal uses and based on that, it can be grouped into six categories. P. betle application method was different in different conditions. In terms of the literature search, 226 articles were found, 75 articles were extracted for detailed analysis and only 23 met the inclusion criteria. The information was related to the chemical assays, in vivo and in vitro studies. Conclusion: In summary, P. betle has the potential to treat medical conditions in various types of categories as recorded in the Malay medical manuscripts and also based on scientific publications. For clinical purposes, more information is required, such as the specific mechanism involved, the best extraction method and the best dosage for treatment.

Rich dynamics of a discrete two dimensional predator–prey model using the NSFD scheme

In this paper, we consider a two-species predator–prey model with Holling type III functional response and non-linear predator harvesting. The proposed model is discretized using a non-standard finite difference scheme (NSFD). The stability of different equilibrium points are analyzed. Also, the conditions of various types of bifurcations likely: Transcritical, Neimark–Sacker bifurcation (NSB), and Flip (Period doubling) bifurcation (PDB) have been established along with chaos control strategies. The numerical results indicate that the system exhibits different patterns of solutions, including single, two, and higher periodicity. Using Lyapunov exponents and bifurcation diagrams, chaotic solutions are verified. Two model parameters were drawn simultaneously in the attractor basin, which yielded different periodic solutions compared to the continuous dynamical system. Lastly, the pole placement method (PPM) has been used to control chaos in the proposed discrete ecological model.

The Problems of Ensuring the Efficiency and Competitiveness of the Ukrainian Transport Industry to Meet the Modern Challenges and Threats

In Ukraine, the challenges and threats to the efficient functioning of the transportation industry are intensifying during the war and infrastructure destruction. The need for emergency repairs of the ruined infrastructure hinders the reform of the Ukrainian transportation industry. Furthermore, developing an integrated EU-oriented multimodal transportation system within the "Eastern Partnership" regional network becomes more complicated. This article aims to identify the problems of efficiency and competitiveness of the Ukrainian transportation industry in the context of integration into the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) and the construction of a multimodal transportation system. The research employs a systemic analysis methodology to assess the structural indicators of Ukraine's transportation system development. The structure of Ukrainian freight transportation by mode is compared with that in EU countries to reflect differences in a modal split in the context of Ukraine's accession to TEN-T. The results demonstrate a range of problems related to the competitiveness of the Ukrainian transportation industry, which act as barriers to its integration with TEN-T. Institutional, political, and managerial-administrative problems are identified as the leading issues associated with inefficient data collection and processing, management and control functions, decision-making, communication, and interaction among governing bodies. A separate group of issues in Ukraine's transportation industry is linked to the material-technical condition of various types of transportation infrastructure, which affects service quality. Consequently, other problems arise, including the low level of development of intermodal and multimodal transport, transportation logistics, decreased efficiency in capacity utilization, insufficient level of competition in the market for transportation services, and non-compliance with European requirements for access to the transportation services market.

Desynchronization and Oscillatority in Excitable FitzHugh-Nagumo Networks

Study of dynamics of complex networked systems is one of the relevant problems. Networked systems can be in various states, ranging from complete synchronization, when all systems in the network are coherent, to complete desynchronization, i.e. complete incoherence in the functioning of systems. Synchronization phenomenon has already been well studied, namely, the mathematical definitions of synchronization are introduced, algorithms of studying synchronization are proposed, and synchronization conditions of various types of networked systems are established. Whereas a few works are devoted to the study of desynchronization nowadays. This paper introduces output desynchronization notion for networks of nonlinear systems. The definitions about Yakubovich oscillatority are considered and the link between oscillatority and desynchronization in networks of excitable nonlinear systems is established. Excitable systems are stable; therefore, they do not generate oscillations. Adding couplings between such systems can lead to occurrence of oscillations. The conditions about oscillatority in diffusively coupled networks of FitzHugh-Nagumo systems, which are the simplest neuron models, are derived. Firstly, the case of the simplest network of two coupled systems is considered, and afterwards, obtained result is generalized for the case of several systems. Laplace matrix spectrum plays crucial role in dynamics of such networks. The condition that connects the parameters of the uncoupled system in the network and the eigenvalues of the Laplace matrix, is obtained which determines whether the network is oscillatory or not. The number of systems that generate oscillations in such a network depends on the number of eigenvalues of the Laplace matrix that satisfy the obtained conditions. Obtained analytical results are confirmed by simulation. The results of simulation of complete desynchronization in the network, when all systems begin to oscillate, as well as a chimera-like state, in which only a part of the systems oscillates, while the other part are rest, are presented.

Solving Lane–Emden equations with boundary conditions of various types using high-order compact finite differences

In this study, a high-order compact finite difference method is used to solve Lane–Emden equations with various boundary conditions. The norm is to use a first-order finite difference scheme to approximate Neumann and Robin boundary conditions, but that compromises the accuracy of the entire scheme. As a result, new higher-order finite difference schemes for approximating Robin boundary conditions are developed in this work. We test the applicability and performance of the method using different examples of Lane–Emden equations. Convergence analysis is provided, and it is consistent with the numerical results. The results are compared with the exact solutions and published results from other methods. The method produces highly accurate results, which are displayed in tables and graphs.

Invertibility properties of operator matrices on Hilbert spaces

Denote by $$T_n^d(A)$$ an upper triangular operator matrix of dimension n whose diagonal entries are given and the others are unknown. In this article, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for various types of Fredholm and Weyl completions of $$T_n^d(A)$$ . As consequences, we recover many known results of Zhang and Wu (J Math Anal Appl 392(2):103–110, 2012) for the case $$n=2$$ already existing in the literature, as well as some perturbation results of Wu and Huang (Acta Math Sin (Engl Ser) 36(7):783–796, 2020; Ann Funct Anal 11(3):780–798, 2020) given for the case of arbitrary $$n\ge 2$$ .

The principle of control by diagnosis as a result of the systematic application of fundamental control principles

The subject of study is the principle of control by diagnosis. The goal is to form a control principle based on a diagnosis as a result of the systematic application of fundamental management principles. Task: an excursion into history of mastering the principles of control. Analysis of features, positive and negative qualities of principles of control by setting influence, by disturbing influence and by deviation. Description of the principle of control by diagnosis. Presentation of diagnostic functional models of diagnostic objects. Giving an example of the application of the principle of control by diagnosis. The methods used are: retrospective analysis, the method of constructing graphic functional schemes, the method of the space of discrete states, the method of forming diagnostic functional models, methods of bench research and simulation modeling. The following results were obtained: the process of mastering control principles was decomposed into three stages: intuitive understanding of principles, mastering them in industry and scientific mastering. Features of the principles of control by setting influence, disturbing influence and by deviation are described. The principle of control by diagnosis and the functional scheme of a rational control system are proposed. Diagnostic functional models are presented that reflect the relationship between direct signs of destabilizing influences and indirect signs that are directly available for measurement. The results of experimental studies are presented, which testify to the possibility of rational control of the operability of sensors of flight parameters, in particular, of angular movements, during the action of various types of destabilizing influences. Conclusions. The scientific novelty consists in the formation of a new principle of control based on diagnosis and the development of a number of tools, the use of which allows to ensure the functionality of automatic control objects under the conditions of various types of destabilizing influences.

Ethoxidol as a Broad-spectrum Adaptogen.

Stress factors lead to a shift in the antioxidant-prooxidant relationship, allowing an increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria, which results in the development of oxidative stress. Consequently, it is possible to put forward an assumption that drugs which reduce the excessive generation of ROS by these organelles should increase the body's resistance to stress factors. Antioxidants can be used as such drugs. In this regard, the aim of this work was to study the bioenergetics characteristic of mitochondria under stress conditions and under the action of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium hydroxybutanedioate (ethoxidol). The antiradical activity of the drug was evaluated by the chemiluminescent method (CL). The functional state of the mitochondria was studied with reference to the level of lipid peroxidation by the spectrofluorimetry and in terms of fatty acid composition of mitochondrial membranes using the chromatography technique. The study of mitochondrial morphology was performed employing the method of atomic force microscopy. The injection in mice of ethoxidol at a dose of 10-5 mol/kg for 7 days led to the prevention of the stress-induced increase in the intensity of LPO in the membranes of the mitochondria, and swelling of these organelles; it also prevented a decrease in the content of unsaturated fatty acids, containing 18 and 20 carbon atoms. At the same time, ethoxidol increased the life expectancy of mice by 3.0-4.2 times in conditions of various types of hypoxia. The adaptogenic properties of ethoxidol can be attributed to its antiradical and antioxidant properties.

Хімічний склад сполук-попередників та механізми утворення гумінових речовин у постседиментаційний етап еволюції органічних сполук

The publication is a review that presents in a concise form information about the chemical composition of living matter components and the mechanisms of their transformations, the result of which is the geopolymers formation. Among geopolymers, humic substances, including humic and fulvic acids, attract our attention. The relevance of this review lies in the importance of understanding multidirectional reactions, the result of which is the secondary polymerization of organic matter chemically active components that have passed the biodegradation barrier at the stage of sedimentation and diagenetic transformations. Humic substances, in their turn, are precursors of kerogen, therefore, an understanding of reaction mechanisms and their products provides complete information about the conditions of various types of kerogen formation, which are characterized by different ability to produce oil and gas. We paid special attention to polyphenols, which have high chemical activity and the ability to react with increasing molecular weight. In addition to the traditional Maillard reaction, among the condensation mechanisms we considered oxidative crosslinking of phenols, oxidative condensation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and esterification of fatty acids with phenols. For each mechanism, the conditions for its implementation and probable contribution to the formation of humic substances are briefly considered. Analysis of probable mechanisms of formation of humic substances showed that condensation reactions can occur under geochemical conditions of sedimentation and early diagenesis. At the same time, their speeds are low, and the precursors necessary for the reactions, formed as a result of biological degradation, are contained in very small concentrations. We conclude that kerogen contains two components – primary, which enters its structure without any significant changes, and secondary, which is the result of a series of complex multidirectional reactions.

Algorithm for the synthesis of a predictive control system for the tape pulling process

Automation of the technological process of product manufacture via the application of contemporary management techniques is one approach to boost the production efficiency of the textile industry. Many characteristics of the manufacturing technology equipment should be considered in these techniques. This paper aims to present an algorithm for the synthesis of an automatic control system for the process of pulling the tape, based on the application of the predictive control method. To improve the quality of control by reducing the static error and over-regulating the transient process, an integral component was introduced into the control system circuit, which allows us to give the properties of the astatism of the system, taking into account the implementation of restrictions imposed on state variables and setting influences. Based on the comparative analysis, the advantages of the proposed approach are determined, which allows ensuring good performance of the control system in conditions of various types of disturbances. The proposed algorithm is versatile and can be applied to a control system, provided that strict restrictions are imposed on the control object on the disturbing effects and on the dynamic properties of the object.

Nonlinear bending of polygonal functionally graded plates resting on elastic foundation

To investigate nonlinear bending of the functionally graded (FGM) plates with complex shape and resting on elastic foundation a variational-structural method (RFM) is proposed. Mathematical statement of nonlinear boundary value problems of plate bending is carried out in the framework of the classical geometrically nonlinear plate theory. To solve a sequence of linear boundary value problems obtained as a result of the linearization of the original nonlinear system of equations by the method of successive loadings and the Newton method, the method of R-functions was applied. Testing, as well as comparison of the obtained results with the results of other authors, made it possible to establish the reliability and effectiveness of the developed approach and apply it to study the stress-strain state (SSS) of thin plates with complex shape. A computational experiment was carried out for thin hexagonal plates with mixed boundary conditions for various types of external load and elastic foundation characteristics. The relationship between the greatest deflection of the plate and the load is obtained. The results are presented in the form of graphs.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES OF THE RE-ENGINEERING PROCESS IN THE FIELD OF HIGHER EDUCATION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF WAR

Recently, higher education institutions have changed their approach to the financing system, focusing on self-supporting and autonomous principles. However, educational services markets are atypical centers that differ from other business structures, functioning based on non-profitability. Global positive practices indicate the need to increase attention to improving the management of higher education institutions and the search for updated, innovative methods of improving the organization of the system of regional educational services. Practically justified in this sense is the concept of business process reengineering, which will increase one’s credibility and provide an opportunity to introduce convenience, quality, and anti-crisis into the educational process. That is, reengineering business processes in the educational sector should be considered a necessary innovative solution under the conditions of various types of crises, including military ones. The article aims to clarify the theoretical and methodological approaches to the application of reengineering methods in the activity of the educational sector markets with further reproduction under conditions of war. The research tasks are analysis of the functioning of regional markets of educational services under war conditions, elucidation of the essence of reengineering processes in the educational sector and outlining the expected results of the effectiveness of educational institutions in the future as a result of innovative innovations. Higher education institutions generally focus on providing high-quality educational and scientific services to students. Today, the main task of forced distance and diverse forms of education is the timely introduction of innovative software and the availability of safe and equipped shelters. It is necessary to create conditions for effective interaction between higher education subjects through the electronification of training courses, network testing processes, electronic control of knowledge, and accessibility to high-speed Internet. It should be understood that these innovative measures involve the use of financial and human efforts, which in turn makes it necessary to adhere to the curricula of competencies that reveal the patriotic, educational, military, social, and social abilities of the student of higher education.

Investigation of Structure Formation and Tribotechnical Properties of Steel Plasma Coatings After Chemical-Heat Treatment and Liquid-Phase Impregnation

Abstract The paper is focused on the studies of the microstructure development and physical and mechanical properties of metal-matrix composite coatings based on steel 11Cr18MoWCu deposited using plasma and galvanoplasma methods. The expediency of combining gas-thermal spraying processes of plasma coatings with open porosity up to 16%–18%, with their subsequent thermodiffusion saturation (chromium plating) or liquid-phase impregnation with eutectic alloys of previously applied Ni–B galvanic layer, is shown. The study of the tribotechnical properties of the proposed coatings showed a significant improvement in their performance under conditions of various types of intensive wear, as well as in corrosive environments.

Directions of development of functional missions of computer pharmaceutical knowledge bases talking into account various types of crisis situations

The computer pharmaceutical knowledge bases are effective tools of information support for the organization provision of medicines, pharmaceutical care and education of pharmaceutical specialists.
 The purpose of the work іs to substantiate the urgency of developing the computer pharmaceutical knowledge base «Pharmaceutical care for patients with diabetes» with increasing the number of the functional tasks of the information blocks of medicine provision management pharmaceutical care to patients with diabetes mellitus, didactic support of educational system of pharmacists in the conditions of various types of crisis situations.
 The objects of the study were the components of the information system about medicinal products, informational materials on the problems of pharmaceutical care for patients with diabetes mellitus during the period of the COVID-19 epidemic and the period of martial law. The methods of studying the need for information about medicines, pharmaceutical diagnostics, construction of information arrays of computer pharmaceutical knowledge bases were used.
 The following areas of expansion of the information arrays of blocks are substantiated: «Medicines» – inclusion of materials on new and classic drugs for the treatment of COVID-19; changes in the arsenal of antidiabetic drugs due to martial law; «Management of pharmaceutical care» – inclusion of systematized scientific data on the problem of specialization of information provision; «Reforming the health care system (pharmaceutical subsystem)» – adding information materials to optimize the management of the supply of antidiabetic drugs in view of the systematized measures overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic, epidemics of other genesis, anti-crisis measures in the health care system during the period of martial law; «Education of pharmaceutical specialists (postgraduate stage)» – filling with materials of provision of medicines and pharmaceutical care for patients with COVID-19 also have diabetes mellitus and during martial law.
 The structure of the computerized pharmaceutical knowledge base «Pharmaceutical care for patients with diabetes» was substantiated and the directions of its development were worked out in view of the expansion of functional tasks during the COVID-19 pandemic and martial law.

Plasmids as Key Players in Acinetobacter Adaptation.

This review briefly summarizes the data on the mechanisms of development of the adaptability of Acinetobacters to various living conditions in the environment and in the clinic. A comparative analysis of the genomes of free-living and clinical strains of A. lwoffii, as well as the genomes of A. lwoffii and A. baumannii, has been carried out. It has been shown that plasmids, both large and small, play a key role in the formation of the adaptability of Acinetobacter to their living conditions. In particular, it has been demonstrated that the plasmids of various strains of Acinetobacter differ from each other in their structure and gene composition depending on the lifestyle of their host bacteria. Plasmids of modern strains are enriched with antibiotic-resistant genes, while the content of genes involved in resistance to heavy metals and arsenic is comparable to plasmids from modern and ancient strains. It is concluded that Acinetobacter plasmids may ensure the survival of host bacteria under conditions of various types of environmental and clinical stresses. A brief overview of the main mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer on plasmids inherent in Acinetobacter strains is also given.