Conditions Of Soil Contamination Research Articles

Effectiveness of PhosAgro NPK and Gumiton under cultivating potatoes in radioactive soil contamination conditions

Based on the results of three-year production tests, the effectiveness of the use of PhosAgro NPK complex fertilizer and a new organ-mineral complex based on Gumiton peat in potato cultivation technologies on radioactively contaminated sod-podzolic soils in the Novozybkovsky district of the Bryansk region was assessed. Soils differed in the level of fertility and in the density of137Cs pollution. It was shown that leaf treatment of 1 l/ha Gumiton plantings in the potato budding phase without fertilizer contributed to a 19 – 58% increase in tuber yield relative to control, depending on the year. The introduction of PhosAgro NPK fertilizer at a dose of 0.5 t/ha ensured an increase in potato yield by 22 – 42% relative to the control. The joint use of fertilizer and the drug increased the tuber harvest by 12 – 19%, compared to the PhosAgro NPK variant and by 37 – 68% relative to control. The multiplicity of the decrease in137Cs intake into tubers during the treatment of potato plantings with Gumiton was up to 6.4 times in relation to the control, with the combined use of the drug and fertilizer – up to 3.4 times in comparison with the PhosAgro NPK variant. The use of Gumiton and PhosAgro NPK guaranteed the production of potato tubers with137Cs content in accordance with SanPiN 2.3.2 standards. 2650-10. The use of the Gumiton organic-mineral complex and PhosAgro NPK complex fertilizer for production of regulatory clean potato products should be recommended on radioactively contaminated sod-podzolic soils of the Bryansk region.

Food waste compost and digestate as novel fertilizers: Impacts on antibiotic resistome and potential risks in a soil-vegetable system

As a novel agricultural practice, the reuse of food waste compost and digestate as fertilizers leads to a circular economy, but inevitably introduces bio-contaminants such as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into the agroecosystem. Moreover, heavy metal and antibiotic contamination in farmland soil may exert selective pressures on the evolution of ARGs, posing threats to human health. This study investigated the fate, influencing mechanisms and potential risks of ARGs in a soil-vegetable system under different food waste fertilization and remediation treatments and soil contamination conditions. Application of food waste fertilizers significantly promoted the pakchoi growth, but resulted in the spread of ARGs from fertilizers to pakchoi. A total of 56, 80, 84, 41, and 73 ARGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and metal resistance genes (MRGs) were detected in the rhizosphere soil (RS), bulk soil (BS), control soil (CS), root endophytes (RE), and leaf endophytes (LE), respectively. Notably, 7 genes were shared in the above five subgroups, indicating a specific soil-root-endophytes transmission pathway. 36 genes were uniquely detected in the LE, which may originate from airborne ARGs. The combined application of biochar and fertilizers reduced the occurrence of ARGs and MGEs to some extent, showing the remediation effect of biochar. The average abundance of ARGs in the RS, BS and CS was 3.15 × 10−2, 1.31 × 10−2 and 2.35 × 10−1, respectively. Rhizosphere effects may reduce the abundance of ARGs in soil. The distribution pattern of ARGs was influenced by the types of soil, endophyte and contaminant. MGEs is the key driver shaping ARGs dynamics. Soil properties and pakchoi growth status may affect the bacterial composition, and consequently regulate ARGs fate, while endophytic ARGs were more impacted by biotic factors. Moreover, the average daily doses of ARGs from pakchoi consumption is 107–109 copies/d/kg, and its potential health risks should be emphasized.

Effect of organosilicon adsorbent on the content of mobile forms of heavy metals and growth of test-crop under conditions of soil contamination with lead and copper

The pollution of soil by heavy metals becomes a prime ecological problem. Recultivation of polluted soil objects is usually made by means of different types of sorbents. So, in this connection the search for the most effective and multifunctional sorbing agent is relevant. The model experiment of soil pollution by several heavy metals in upper soil horizon was carried out. The soil for that research was Grey-Luvic Phaeozems. Lead (Pb2+) and copper (Cu2+) were chosen as pollutants. Solutions of lead acetate (Pb(CH₃COO)₂·3H2O) and copper sulphate (CuSO₄·7Н2O) of three different concentrations (1 MPC, 5 MPC, 10 MPC) were used as pollutants. Solutions of organosilicon adsorbent – 1,1,3,3,3-tetrahydroxy-1,3-dimethyldisiloxane polyhydrate (PMSPG) were also applied in three different variants: 0.01%; 0.1%; 1%. The mobile forms of heavy metals were researched by method of atomic absorption spectrometry. The mobile forms of heavy metals were extracted by the ammonium acetate buffer (pH = 4.8). According to results, the application of organosilicon sorbent had a positive issue. Application of adsorbent significantly reduced the concentrations of mobile heavy metal compounds. The application of PMSPG solution with concentration of 1% was the most effective. A vegetation experiment was carried out. Cress (Lepidium sativum L.) of “Zabava” variety was used as a test-crop. Favourable changes in the growth of cress with the use of adsorbent at the concentration of 1% compared to the control variants were revealed.

Sorption capacity of ornamental herbaceous plants under conditions of soil contamination with lead

The sorption capacity of some types of ornamental herbaceous plants was studied under conditions of controlled soil contamination with lead ions in order to obtain species-hyperaccumulators of heavy metals that can be recommended for phytoremediation of soils of technogenic environment. The concept of using plants to restore a polluted environment is not new. More than 300 years ago, plants were proposed to be used in wastewater treatment. The use of plants to restore the environment has been called “green reclamation”, “botanical bioremediation”, etc. In essence, phytoremediation includes a person's ability to enhance the natural inactivation or restoration of contaminated sites and, as a result, is a process that occupies an intermediate position between technical and natural restoration. Studies have shown that the greatest sorption capacity was noted in seedlings of Brassica napus L. and Ricinus commúnis L., the lowest sorption capacity was shown by seedlings of Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. The lowest ability to accumulate heavy metal ions was shown by seedlings of Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth., whose metal transfer factor is 0.78, so we cannot recommend this type for the technology of phytoremediation of soils of the technogenic region. In Brassica napus L. and Ricinus commúnis L. the metal transfer factor for lead is almost equal to 1, which makes it possible to attribute this plant species to heavy metal hyperaccumulators and recommend it for use in phytoremediation technology of soils contaminated with lead ions.

Фиторемедиация почв, загрязненных ионами тяжелых металлов, с помощью древесных и кустарниковых растений

The use of woody and shrubby plants with a developed root system and a large biomass in the technology of phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals is analyzed. Woody plants can be used in the process of phyto-recovery of urban systems as long-term absorbers of heavy metal ions from the soil. The main mechanisms of phytoremediation of contaminated urban areas with the help of trees and shrubs are considered. The sorption capacity of cobalt, manganese and chromium ions by some species of woody and shrubby plants has been studied. The accumulation of heavy metals by seedlings under conditions of soil contamination with cobalt, manganese and chromium ions was studied. The transfer factor of cobalt, manganese and chromium ions was determined for the studied plant species. Species-hyperaccumulators of heavy metals, Gleditsia triacanthos L., Caragána arboréscens L., have been identified, which can be used for phytorestoration of soils of the technogenic region contaminated with cobalt, manganese and chromium ions. Low concentrations of cobalt, manganese and chromium were noted in the seedlings of Quercus robur L. and Robinia pseudoacacia L. in the aerial part, which indicates their ability to exclude heavy metal ions from their aerial parts. It has been established that seedlings of Gleditsia triacanthos L., Caragána arboréscens L., resistant to soil pollution, due to their excellent adaptability, even on degraded and contaminated with heavy metals soil of the experimental plot, have a high level of biomass accumulation without reliable facts of inhibition of growth processes. During the controlled process of phytoremediation carried out in the field, their high sorption capacity was noted, which makes it possible to recommend these species for use in technologies for the restoration of soils contaminated with heavy metal ions.

Physiological Responses of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to Soil Contamination with Pb

Contamination of agricultural soils with heavy metal leads to a decrease in the crop quality and yield, as well as increases in public health risks. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of soil contamination with lead (Pb) on the growth, photosynthesis, respiration, and coupling between these physiological processes, as well as temporal dynamics of Pb uptake and accumulation by lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants. For this 46-day pot experiment, Pb(NO3)2 was mixed with loamy Retisol soil with the rate of 0, 50, and 250 mg kg−1. No significant differences in plant biomass accumulation were found between plants grown on Pb-free and Pb-rich soil, but root-weight ratio, root-to-shoot weight ratio, and leaf area were lower, and the number of leaves and leaf weight per unit area were significantly higher in plants grown on soil contaminated with Pb than in their counterparts grown on Pb-free soil. The concentration of Pb in plant root and shoot followed the increase in soil Pb, with Pb content in the roots being higher than in the shoots. Soil Pb decreased chlorophyll content, net CO2 assimilation rate and photosynthetic light use efficiency, but caused an increase in the leaf respiration rate regardless of whether respiration was performed in the light or in darkness. Increased ratio of respiration to photosynthesis reflects the shift in the carbon balance of lettuce plants toward carbon losses under stress conditions of soil contamination with Pb.

Assessment of the combined pesticide and cadmium load on the soil using higher plants

The multicomponent nature of agroecosystem pollution complicates the effectiveness of the ecotoxicological control. The danger of the combined pesticide and cadmium soil load was investigated in the laboratory conditions using agricultural plants (test crops). The aim of the study was an integral assessment of the complex impact of pesticide and cadmium soil contamination on wheat Triticum aestivum L. by biotesting. The widely used pesticides in agriculture were tested: systemic fungicides Azimut (a.i.: tebuconazole, 125 g/dm³ + triadimefon, 100 g/dm³), Azimut Classic (a.i.: tebuconazole, 250 g/dm³) and soil-acting herbicide Extrabit (a.i.: S-metolachlor, 960 g/dm³). The levels of Cadmium accumulation by plants (by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy) and pesticide active ingredients (by high-performance liquid chromatography with a mass detector) were determined. It was found that a exceeding the rate of pesticide application leads to their accumulation by plants. At combined soil load with Cadmium (3-fold maximum allowable concentration, MAC) and the associated pesticide, an increase in the accumulation of active ingredients by plants is observed (tebuconazole by 1.85 and 1.47 times for Azimut and Azimut Classic, respectively, and S-metolachlor by 1.47 times for Extrabit) compared to a single pesticide. In addition, phytotoxicity of pesticides was noted in the conditions of the experiment. Thus, for the fungicide Azimut and the herbicide Extrabit, a decrease in the initial growth rate of plants (length of roots and seedlings) by more than 40 % was found, which indicates a level of phytotoxicity above average. It was concluded that new pesticide formulations (including soil-acting pesticides) should be tested for toxicity in relation to higher plants. This is important for development of countermeasures to reduce pesticide accumulation in agricultural plants, especially in conditions of soil contamination with heavy metals. Key words: biotesting, combined action, pesticides, cadmium, phytotoxicity, Triticum aestivum L.

The Effect of Granular Activated Carbon and Biochar on the Availability of Cu and Zn to Hordeum sativum Distichum in Contaminated Soil.

The presence of heavy metals in the soil could impose serious problems on soil-plant systems due to the accumulation of heavy metals in plants. Even vital elements such as Cu and Zn have a toxic effect in the case of excessive intake by living organisms. The present work aimed to investigate the content of loosely bound (exchangeable, complexed, and specifically sorbed) compounds of Cu and Zn and their availability to spring barley (Hordeum sativum distichum) in contaminated Haplic Chernozem soil under the conditions of a model experiment (five approximate permissible concentrations (APC) and 10 APC of metal). Changes in the bioavailability of the metals upon application of carbon sorbents were observed. An increase in loosely bound metal compounds has been shown under conditions of soil contamination with metals (up to 57% of the total content). The increase in the availability of Cu in the soil was mainly due to the formation of complexed metal forms with organic matter (up to 17%). The availability of Zn was found to be associated with an increase in exchangeable (up to 21%) and specifically sorbed compounds (up to 27%). Granular activated carbon (GAC) and biochar have high sorption properties. A decrease in the content of loosely bound compounds of metals was established, especially in the most mobile forms such as exchangeable and complexed forms. The introduction of sorbents into the soil opened up a new venue for binding heavy metals in situ, eventually leading to a decrease in their bioavailability. The inactivation of Cu and Zn in the soil upon the application of sorbents led to a decrease in metal absorption by spring barley. The highest efficiency of biochar application was established at a dose of 2.5% and 5% in soil contaminations of 5 APC and 10 APC of Cu or Zn. The efficiency of the use of sorbents was more influenced by the dose of application than by the type of sorbent. There was no significant difference between biochar and GAC. Stabilization and inactivation of metals may improve soil fertility and plant growth.

Assessment of the State of Soil’s Microbial Community in Condition of Intensive Influence of Pollutants

Abstract This paper presents the study of toxicological state of the soil. It shows ecological and microbiological properties of the soil mantle in the areas of technological environmental impact and evaluates changes in the number of soil microorganisms as a result of toxic contamination of urban soil at different distances from the Moscow loop highway, and also as a result of dumping aluminum foundry slag in Orel region. Soil-inhabiting invertebrates species composition was evaluated at different soil contamination conditions. It was proven that the state of microbiocenosis changes depending on the intensity and character of the anthropogenic impact. It was established that soil fermentation and microbiological activity changes depending on the value of the cumulative heavy metals’ build-up coefficient. Study of interelement ties between the heavy metals concerned showed that they too may have the same anthropogenic origin regardless of their sources of origin. Pollution index indicates medium to high level of soil contamination in explored urban territories where vehicle emission is the main source of pollution, and dangerously high contamination of light-gray soil in the small settlement impacted by a nearby slag disposal site.

УРОЖАЙНІСТЬ ТА ЕКОНОМІЧНА ОЦІНКА ВИРОЩУВАННЯ КУКУРУДЗИ НА ЗЕРНО ЗА РІЗНОГО РІВНЯ ЗАБРУДНЕННЯ АГРОЕКОТОПІВ ПОЛЮТАНТАМИ

In Ukraine, as in the rest of the world, the part of lands contaminated with pollutants, in particular, heavy metals, is growing. However, on these lands it is possible to grow crops that provide safe, economically viable products. The study of the maize agrocenosis state in the conditions of soil contamination with lead, cadmium, zinc testified that the crops have the high resistance to the increase of metal content in the soil environment. Maize as a grain crop has a high viability and buffer barrier to pollutants. It is able to partially accumulate and fix the metals by the root system, bringing to the commodity part of the crop only a small proportion of them, not exceeding the maximum allowable concentration, and reduce the risk of further expansion of areas contaminated with these ecotoxicants. The variants are provided by the experiment allowed to obtain a grain yield of 7.36–9.32 t/ha (average level of variation 10.24 %). In plots with 5–100-fold excess of the background of heavy metals, the grain yield tended to a reducing by1.16–1.96 t/ha (LSD05 = 1.88) compared to the control, i.e. the loss of maize yield was 12–21 %. It was found that soil contamination with pollutants led to a decrease in yield and profit compared to the natural background (control). The maximum income (14 575 UAH/ha) was obtained in the variant with a natural background, which is associated with a high yield of maize grain. The analysis of research results showed that the profitability of maize grain production at the yield of 7.36–9.32 t/ha varied according to the level of ecotope contamination with pollutants and amounted to 31–63 %. The profitability is indicator that makes it possible to comprehensively assess all factors. The cultivation of maize in areas with soil contamination with heavy metals exceeding by 5 and 10 times the natural background provided a level of profitability of 39 and 44 %, respectively, and was economically feasible. This allowed to effectively use the agriculture lands with constantly renewed soil contamination for profit from the cultivation of agricultural products while preventing the expansion of the contamination area. Key words: corn, heavy metals, yield, profit, economic efficiency, profitability.

Productivity and accumulation of heavy metals in grain of various genotypes of spring durum wheat under conditions of soil contamination with cadmium and zinc

The developed industry has an adverse effect on the ecological state of the environment, accompanied by the accumulation of harmful substances in the soil, including heavy metals. Therefore, thecreation of technogenically resistant varieties of agricultural crops is one of the components of environmentally friendly technologies. This study is aimed at studying various genotypes of spring durum wheatfor their resistance to the accumulation of cadmium and zinc in grain, which is a commercial part ofthe product. The content of the studied heavy metals in the soil of the root zone of various genotypesof spring durum wheat was investigated. The accumulation of the studied elements in seeds was determined, which is the most important studied indicator. The indices of productivity and survival of springdurum wheat genotypes were investigated in the field of natural pollution of the environment with heavymetals. The most stable and sensitive to the action of cadmium and zinc genotypes were revealed. Thestructure of spring wheat productivity from the collection and the relationship of its elements wereanalyzed. The identified resistant genotypes are recommended for further study of their productivityand survival in weather conditions of the East Kazakhstan region in field experiments to identify formspromising for agricultural production.Key words: cadmium, zinc, spring durum wheat.

Feasibility of Stabilized Zn and Pb Contaminated Soils as Roadway Subgrade Materials

The authors have developed a new binder, KMP, which is made from oxalic acid‐activated phosphate rock, monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4), and reactive magnesia (MgO). This study explores the acid neutralization capacity, strength characteristics, water‐soaking durability, resilient modulus, and pore size distribution of KMP stabilized soils with individual Zn, Pb, or coexisting Zn and Pb contaminants. For comparison purpose, Portland cement (PC) is also tested. The results show that KMP stabilized soils have a higher acid buffering capacity than PC stabilized soils, regardless of the soil contamination conditions. The water stability coefficient and resilient modulus of the KMP stabilized soils are found to be higher than PC stabilized soils. The reasons for the differences in these properties between KMP and PC stabilized soils are interpreted based on the stability and dissolubility of the main hydration products of the KMP and PC stabilized soils, the soil pore distribution, and concentration of Mg or Ca leached from the KMP and PC stabilized soils obtained from the acid neutralization capacity tests. Overall, this study demonstrates that the KMP is effective in stabilizing soils that are contaminated with Zn or Pb alone and mixed Zn and Pb contaminants, and the KMP stabilized soils are better suited as roadway subgrade material.

Morphological Variability and Biochemical Parameters of Leaves in Cenopopulations of Aegopodium podagraria L. (Apiаceae, Apiales) under Various Levels of Soil Contamination by Heavy Metals

Abstract—The morphological variability, lipid peroxidation (LPO) rate, and photosynthetic pigment content in leaves of Aegopodium podagraria L. were studied in four cenopopulations of urban ecosystems on soils differently contaminated by heavy metals (HMs): Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cr. The increased HM content in soil causes a drop in the terminal leaflet size, in the mean number of phens (various variants of leaf shape), and in the chlorophyll b content in leaves. On the contrary, the percentage of rare phens increases. Parallel to this, the LPO rate decreases, which is not typical for plants under stress conditions. The level of chlorophyll a and carotinoids drops under moderate contamination and becomes normal at the highest one. The data obtained testify that the morphological and biochemical parameters of goutweed leaves differently characterize the status of this plant species under an increase in the level of soil contamination by HMs. Such conditions result in the impoverishment of the phenofund of A. podagraria cenopopulations and in the domination of plants with smaller leaves. Nevertheless, their LPO rate and the content of some pigments may remain close to normal. The results of our study show that A. podagraria is a species that is able to maintain biochemical homeostasis under the conditions of soil contamination by heavy metals. Thus, contrary to the biochemical parameters studied, the morphological features more accurately characterize the adverse changes in cenopopulations of goutweed, which is important for the bioindication of ecosystems under anthropogenic contamination.

Species- and organ-specific responses of agri-environmental plants to residual agricultural pollutants

Soil pollution by anthropogenic chemicals is a major concern for sustainability of crop production and of ecosystem functions mediated by natural plant biodiversity. The complex effects on plants are however difficult to apprehend. Plant communities of field margins, vegetative filter strips or rotational fallows are confronted with agricultural pollutants through residual soil contamination and/or through drift, run-off and leaching events that result from chemical applications. Exposure to xenobiotics and heavy metals causes biochemical, physiological and developmental effects. However, the range of doses, modalities of exposure, metabolization of contaminants into derived xenobiotics, and combinations of contaminants result in variable and multi-level effects. Understanding these complex plant-pollutant interactions cannot directly rely on toxicological or agronomical approaches that focus on the effects of field-rate pesticide applications. It must take into account exposure at root level, sublethal concentrations of bioactive compounds and functional biodiversity of the plant species that are affected. The present study deals with agri-environmental plant species of field margins, vegetative filter strips or rotational fallows in European agricultural landscapes. Root and shoot physiological and growth responses were compared under controlled conditions that were optimally adjusted for each plant species. Contrasted responses of growth inhibition, no adverse effect or growth enhancement depended on species, organ and nature of contaminant. However, all of the agricultural contaminants under study (pesticides, pesticide metabolites, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) had significant effects under conditions of sublethal exposure on at least some of the plant species. The fungicide tebuconazole and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluoranthene, which gave highest levels of responses, induced both activation or inhibition effects, in different plant species or in different organs of the same plant species. These complex effects are discussed in terms of dynamics of agri-environmental plants and of ecological consequences of differential root-shoot growth under conditions of soil contamination.

Biochemical protective mechanisms in the accumulation of heavy metals in organisms

At present due to the environmental contamination by heavy metals there is a great interest to investigate the processes of their both accumulation in plants and toxic effect on biochemical indices. Therefore the objective of this research was the analysis of the alteration of the system of antioxidant protection ofplants in conditions of soil contamination by copper and zinc. Research object were germinants of oat in amount of300 plants in each variant of the experiment. For the performance of the experiment, the sand was equally contaminated by sulfates of Cu and Zn in concentration of 2 MPC on its gross content in soil. The experiment lastedfor 2 weeks. For the implementation of the objective of research there was analyzed the contentof both Cu and Zn in plants exposed to soil contamination. Additionally there was performed an analysis of as the content of lipids peroxidation products, phenols and flavonoids; as well the activity ofperoxidase, catalase and photosynthetic system. Under the soil contamination by copper and zinc corresponding to 2 MPC the accumulation of heavy metals was established to be happening in plants. If compared copper accumulation was higher than zinc accumulation that can be explained by the high migration capability of zinc. Under combined impact of two metals there was revealed their antagonistic interaction. There was established an elevated content of lipids peroxidation products in cells as a sequence of the accumulation of heavy metals in plants. As a result of the elevation of the content of lipids peroxidation products there was revealed a raised activity ofphotosynthetic apparatus and antioxidant system (carotenoids, catalase and peroxidase) in the cell. The decrease of the content ofphenols and flavonoids is related with the usage of this system of antioxidant protection for the neutralization of lipids peroxidation processes.

Макроскопическая кинетика временной и пространственной изменчивости вегетационного индекса NDVI на территории заповедника «Ямская степь» в условиях загрязнения почвы тяжёлыми металлами

Макроскопическая кинетика временной и пространственной изменчивости вегетационного индекса NDVI на территории заповедника «Ямская степь» в условиях загрязнения почвы тяжёлыми металлами

Chemical composition of broad beans (Vicia faba L. ) and development parameters of black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.) under conditions of soil contamination with oil derivatives

Chemical composition of broad beans (Vicia faba L. ) and development parameters of black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.) under conditions of soil contamination with oil derivatives

Mechanisms of plant and microbial adaptation to heavy metals in plant–microbial systems

The data on heavy metal (HM) accumulation and detoxification by plants and bacteria in plant–microbial systems (PMS) are reviewed. Bacteria are shown to be the labile component of the system, responsible for a considerable amelioration of HM stress impact on plants and for improved PMS adaptation to heavy metals. Simulation of plant–microbial interactions under conditions of soil contamination by HM revealed the protective role of bacterial migration from the rhizoplane to the rhizosphere.

Effect of molybdenum treatment on the element uptake of plants in a long-term experiment

Molybdenum as a constituent of several inmportant enzymes is an essential micorelement. It can be found in all kind of food naturally at low level, however, environmental pollution, from natural or anthropogenic sources, can lead to high level of the metal in plants. Our study is based on the long-term field experiments of Nagyhörcsök, where different levels of soil contamination conditions are simulated. Plant samples were collected from the experiment station to study the behaviour of elements: uptake by and transport within the plants, accumulation in different organs, phytotoxicity and effects on the quantity and quality of the crop.In this work we present the effect of molybdenum treatment on the uptake of other elements. Molybdenum is proved to be in an antagonist relationship with copper and sulphur, while molybdenum-phosphorus is a synergist interaction.However, in most of the plants we studied increasing molybdenum-treatment enhanced cadmium-uptake. We have found the most significant cadmium-accumulation in the case of pea, spinach and red beet.

Molybdenum - accumulation dynamics of cereals on calcareous chernozem soil

This work is about the molybdenum-accumulation of cereals analyzing soil and plant samples from a field experiment set inNagyhörcsök by Kádár et al. in 1991.In this long-term field experiment different levels of soil contamination conditions are simulated. Soil and plant samples were collectedfrom the experiment station to study the behaviour of molybdenum.In this report results of maize, winter wheat, winter barley and soil analysis are presented. The conclusions are as follows:– Analysing soil samples from 1991 we have found that roughly half of the molybdenum dose applied is in the form of NH4-acetate+EDTA soluble– Comparing element content of grain and leaf samples we have experienced that molybdenum accumulation is more considerable in the vegetative plant parts– Winter wheat accumulated less molybdenum then maize in its vegetative parts. Comparing molybdenum content of winter wheat to winter barley we found that the concentration of the element in wheat was lower by half than in the winter barley. It seemed that molybdenum accumulated to the least degree in winter wheat.