Conditions Of Social Interaction Research Articles

Toward an explanation of speech style

Abstract The study focuses on the formulation of ideas as a contribution to the explanatory theory of speech style. Ideas relate to the ontological basis of style, the fundamental role of sociocultural meanings, the rationality of stylistic knowledge, and the deep motivation of stylistically relevant linguistic behavior and action in social interaction. The author approaches style from a holistic position based on the belief that speech style is integrated into the ways of human activity as a whole controlled by a pragmatic subject. In the center of attention is the subject of style, who discovered sociocultural meanings tied to the ways of activities, developed the ability of stylistic adaptation to current conditions of social interaction, and learned to deal with stylistic knowledge with appropriate rationality in communication practice. The author also answers the question of what laws and principles underlie the existence of style, its subject and stylistic behavior and actions.

Smart Class System Prototyping through Sustainable Infrastructure Based on Mobile Application SPACE (Smart Program - Class Architecture) Integrated Smart Building Management System

Optimizing innovation in the use of health technology in infrastructure will directly impact the conditions of social interaction in the community, including within the scope of the school area. The Smart Class concept collaborates with learning carried out in a hybrid way. However, it is not yet fully optimized by digitizing the existing infrastructure with the concept of managing school facilities and infrastructure. The implementation of the Smart Class uses the intelligent building management system (IBMS), where this system integrates all parts of the building with the Internet of Things (IoT), facilities, and infrastructure and can minimize pandemic transmission in the academic sphere by accessing via mobile app. This research aims to analyze the design of the smart program class architecture integrated monitoring system to implement IoT-integrated health protocols, especially in the middle school scope. This research uses qualitative and quantitative methods with descriptive analysis through the development of user research at the system design stage. The output of this innovation is how schools implement digital technology comprehensively, starting from the application of IoT, sensors, and databases in a real-time mobile app environment. There are three main things: the data input, data processing, and output value. The intervention of school needs can be expanded with the integration of the learning management system in the form of integrated learning management the learning process, which is in line with monitoring the use of infrastructure in schools. Through this Smart Class concept, schools can still operate optimally without any applicable health policies and can provide excellent academic services.
 Keywords: smart class system prototyping, sustainable infrastructure mobile application, SPACE smart building management system

Older adults experience better affective well-being in solitude: The moderating role of goal for conflict de-escalation.

Older adults report greater affective well-being in solitude than younger adults, but prior findings are based on correlational designs. We aim to examine age differences in affective well-being in solitude using an experimental design and to examine conflict de-escalation as a potential mechanism. In Study 1, 207 participants were randomly assigned to either a solitude or a social interaction condition. In Study 2, 128 participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: solitude-escalation, solitude-de-escalation, interaction-escalation, and interaction de-escalation. After a 15-min solitude or social interaction period, they reported their affective experiences. In Study 1, older (vs. younger) adults reported more positive affect overall. This age-related difference was greater in the solitude (vs. social interaction) condition; older adults reported less negative affect than younger adults in the solitude, but not the social interaction, condition. In Study 2, older (vs. younger) participants reported more high-arousal positive affect in the solitude-escalation condition. This difference was not significant in conflict de-escalation conditions. Our studies provide causal evidence of the relationship between solitude and affective well-being and advance our understanding of motivations that explain why older adults maintain better affective well-being in solitude.

Enhancing Brain-Computer Interface Performance by Incorporating Brain-to-Brain Coupling.

Human cooperation relies on key features of social interaction in order to reach desirable outcomes. Similarly, human-robot interaction may benefit from integration with human-human interaction factors. In this paper, we aim to investigate brain-to-brain coupling during motor imagery (MI)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) training using eye-contact and hand-touch interaction. Twelve pairs of friends (experimental group) and 10 pairs of strangers (control group) were recruited for MI-based BCI tests concurrent with electroencephalography (EEG) hyperscanning. Event-related desynchronization (ERD) was estimated to measure cortical activation, and interbrain functional connectivity was assessed using multilevel statistical analysis. Furthermore, we compared BCI classification performance under different social interaction conditions. In the experimental group, greater ERD was found around the contralateral sensorimotor cortex under social interaction conditions compared with MI without any social interaction. Notably, EEG channels with decreased power were mainly distributed around the frontal, central, and occipital regions. A significant increase in interbrain coupling was also found under social interaction conditions. BCI decoding accuracies were significantly improved in the eye contact condition and eye and hand contact condition compared with the no-interaction condition. However, for the strangers' group, no positive effects were observed in comparisons of cortical activations between interaction and no-interaction conditions. These findings indicate that social interaction can improve the neural synchronization between familiar partners with enhanced brain activations and brain-to-brain coupling. This study may provide a novel method for enhancing MI-based BCI performance in conjunction with neural synchronization between users.

Neurophysiology of creativity in conditions of competitive social interaction: data of EEG hyperscanning study

Brain activity changes significantly across various social interaction conditions. However, the impact of social interaction context on neurophysiological correlates of cognitive and creative activity per se remains insufficiently explored [1]. Two distinct types of interactions can be identified when it comes to resolving tasks: cooperation or competition. The aim of this study was to evaluate how competition conditions affect the amplitudes of event-related potentials (ERP) when solving creative and non-creative problems. Subjects (26 men and 18 women) performed two types of tasks both individually and in pairs of the same gender. The tasks consisted of creative and non-creative activities. In the creative tasks, participants were asked to describe unusual uses of everyday objects, such as a brick, newspaper, or paper clip. In the non-creative tasks, participants were requested to list items from various proposed categories, such as transport, furniture, or sports. A total of over one hundred samples of each type were provided for both individual and joint performance. The order of task performance, whether individual or joint, was randomized between pairs of participants. When tasks were performed in pairs, the first responding participant’s answer created competitive conditions and was considered the first response. During the tasks, we recorded EEG/ERP data synchronously using a Mitsar-202 electroencephalograph (LLC Mitsar, St. Petersburg) and the WinEEG software package (Ponomarev V.A., Kropotov Yu.D., No. State Registration 2001610516 dated 08.05.2001). The recording was monopolar from 15 leads with a referent — combined ear electrode. We modified the 10/20 system with a sampling rate of 500 Hz, and a recording band of 0.53–150 Hz. We analyzed the data using a band of 1.6–30 Hz and a 50 Hz cutoff filter. ERPs for each task (creative or non-creative) were compared between the competition and individual performance conditions by conducting a repeated-measures ANOVA for the STATE factor (individual performance/competition conditions) and STATExZONE factor interaction (15 EEG leads) in the selected time intervals showing differences. Competition conditions resulted in decreased amplitudes of both sensory components, P1 and P2, and semantic components with N400 and P600 latency in both creative and non-creative activities. This suggests the presence of difficulty in finding an answer. The proportion of correct responses was significantly lower in the competitive conditions than during individual task performance. The median correct response rate was 45% (31–55) compared to 56% (49–74) in the creative task, and 87% (82–93) compared to 66% (60–76) in the non-creative task, during competition and individual performance, respectively. Probably, a significant portion of the resources used when performing the task in social interaction conditions were aimed at evaluating the partner’s reactions and responses. This assessment was reflected in the reduction of earlier components associated with attention (P1, P2) as well as later components associated with semantic processing of stimuli (N400, P600). The conditions of the competition had a more noticeable impact on the ERP in the creative task as compared to the non-creative task.

Conditions of eefective social interaction of students of younger classes during distance learning

The development of social interaction skills is important in elementary school age, because the ability to cooperate, communicate, control and express one`s feelings, make compromises, oveercome difficulties, etc. is a guarantee for the further realization of the individual in life. Unfortunately, in modern realities, in connection with the martial law, younger-schoolchildren in most regions of Ukraine do not have the opportunity to be in daily "live" communication with peers and teachers, where social interaction skills are actively developed. The distance learning format with online lessons raises a number of pedagogical and psychological problems associated with a decrease in the effectiveness of interaction between teachers and students, students among themselves, which negatively affects the development of social interaction skills. In this context, new challenges arise for teachers (as well as far parents).

Karts Area Mining and Social Conditions Communities

Karst is a very vital landscape, karst areas as natural destinations function as water buffers, are able to store water throughout the year and are useful in meeting the supply of clean water for the survival of the Maros people. The karst area around Salenrang Village has been exploited on a large scale and until now has affected the economic conditions of the community. The research aims to determine the impact of the socio-economic conditions of the community due to mining in the Karts area. The informants in this study consisted of government, community leaders, traditional leaders, environmentalists and the community. This research method is qualitative with an environmental sociology approach, the data collection technique is field research which is taken through observation, in-depth interviews and document review. While data analysis includes data collection, data presentation, data reduction, to conclusions.The results of research show that mining in Karts areas has a major impact on the economic life of the community so that it influences the sustainability of people's lives to the point of changing social structure, social interaction and economic conditions. The impact of mining in karts areas affects the condition of society both positively and negatively, positively mining Karts areas has an impact on reducing unemployment, opening up job vacancies, stimulating the development of social infrastructure such as places of worship, banking and markets and educational facilities, changing the mindset of industrial society. While the negative impacts of mining in Karts areas include environmental degradation, social conflicts due to economic injustice, and decreased farmers' income due to environmental damage.

SOCIAL INTERACTIONS WITH TUNAGRAHITA CHILDREN AT SLB YPAC PALEMBANG

This research was conducted to find out the social interactions of mentally retarded children while they were at the Palembang Special School for the Development of Disabled Children (SLB YPAC). The research method used is a qualitative research method with data collection techniques through interviews and observation. The subjects in this study were four grade C junior high school students at SLB YPAC Palembang, namely MS, M, A and K. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the way of social interaction for mentally retarded children is the same as the way of social contact and communication in accordance with the conditions of social interaction.

THE IMPACT OF COMPETITIVE CONDITIONS ON AMPLITUDES OF EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS DURING VERBAL CREATIVE AND NON-CREATIVE TASK PERFORMANCE

Brain activity changes significantly under various social interaction conditions. However, the impact of the context of social interactions on neurophysiological correlates of cognitive and creative activity per se has not been sufficiently addressed. Two polar types of interactions can be distinguished when solving tasks, cooperation or competition. This study was aimed to assess the impact of competitive conditions on amplitudes of event-related potentials (ERPs) when solving creative and non-creative tasks. The subjects (26 male, 18 female) performed two types of tasks as individuals and dyads (male–male, female–female): a creative task to think up an unusual use of an ordinary item and a non-creative task to enumerate items from the proposed categories. In each of the tasks, ERPs were compared during its competitive and individual performance. Competitive conditions led to a decrease in amplitudes of the components P1 and P2, as well as N400 and P600, during both creative and non-creative activity, suggesting the difficulty of finding an answer. The percentage of answers found was also significantly lower under conditions of competitive versus individual task performance. Apparently, a significant portion of resources when performing a task under social interaction conditions is directed toward the assessment of partner’s responses and answers, as manifested in a decrease in the amplitude both of the earlier attention-related ERP components (P1, P2) and the later components related to semantic stimulus processing (N400, P600).

Social Interaction, Financial Literacy, and Household Financial Fragility

With the rapid development of digitalization, social interaction is becoming more and more frequent and complex, and the problem of household financial fragility is becoming more and more prominent, which brings challenges to macro financial stability. In order to explore the relationship between social interaction and household financial vulnerability, Based on the data of China Family Panel Studies(CFPS) 2018, this paper constructs an index system of social interaction, financial literacy and household financial fragility, discusses the influence mechanism of social interaction on household financial fragility, and clarifies the mechanism of social interaction affecting household financial fragility through financial literacy. The results show that social interaction significantly alleviates household financial fragility; social interaction alleviates household financial fragility by improving financial literacy ; this impact mainly exists in subgroups with higher financial literacy, urban and Internet-using households. Therefore, household financial fragility can be alleviated by improving social interaction conditions and narrowing the financial literacy gap.

Coaching bei Erschöpfung und Überarbeitungsgefühlen

Coaching for exhaustion and feelings of overload Introduction: Symptoms of exhaustion can be part of a mental disorder, but can also arise in mentally healthy people as a reaction to work overload. Work-related coaching sessions were undertaken with employees in various sectors, and the coaching topics and processes for mentally healthy and ill participants were compared. Methods: A total of 110 coaching courses of three sessions were conducted by a behaviour therapist experienced in rehabilitation and social medicine. 64 participants reported exhaustion without pre-existing or accompanying mental disorders, while 46 participants had lifelong mental disorders. Coaching topics were categorized using a taxonomy of work-related stressors, and two case studies of prototypical coaching processes for mentally healthy and ill participants are qualitatively contrasted. Results: Mentally healthy participants most frequently desired help with social interaction problems (31 %), work overload (25 %), and role stress (13 %). Mentally ill participants reported problems with social interaction (39 %), work overload (13 %), careers (13 %), and working conditions (13%). In the coaching processes, healthy participants often focused on coping with workload by improving their own work structuring, whereas participants with mental disorders in many cases needed treatment coordination. Conclusions: Work-related coaching can be used as an intervention for exhaustion and feelings of overload, but requires different topics and techniques for mentally healthy and mentally ill participants. Expertise in mental disorders and different types of work-related exhaustion is needed to ensure adequacy of diagnosis, coaching aims and content. Keywords: coaching – work overload – mental health at work

Interfaith Social Relations Among Muslim-Non-Muslim Students: Portraying Religious Harmony in the School

<p class="07KatakunciKeywords"><span>This research aims to reveal: 1) How are the conditions of interfaith social interaction between Muslim and non-Muslim students at SMAN 1 Kandangan Kediri? 2) What is the role of Islamic <a name="_Hlk109900957"></a>education teachers in building <a name="_Hlk109901194"></a>interfaith social interactions between Muslim and non-Muslim students? 3) What is the impact of understanding interfaith social attitudes by Islamic education teachers on students? This research used a qualitative approach conducted at SMAN 1 Kandangan Kediri. The data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation. Informants in this study were Islamic education teachers, students of SMAN 1 Kandangan Kediri, and Christian education teachers. Meanwhile, data analysis was carried out using data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study revealed that 1) the condition of interfaith social interaction showed a quite harmonious attitude, and it did not show any indications leading to division. 2) Islamic education teachers played a key role as an example of a figure forming students' interfaith social attitudes. 3) The impact on students included being more democratic, wiser in performing religious rituals, a high social spirit, more solid in cooperation, and respecting and appreciating each other.</span></p>

Combining environmental and social dimensions in the typomorphological study of urban resilience to heat stress

Over the past years, cities have become more prone to extreme and frequent heatwaves. In this regard, urban form plays an important role and several typomorphological classifications have been developed to describe the urban form characteristics that can exacerbate heat stress and influence people's health and comfort negatively (i.e. the environmental dimension of heat-stress resilience). Nevertheless, evidence from past heatwave disasters indicates that other urban form characteristics, not included in existing typomorphological classifications, can significantly affect heat-stress resilience by influencing the conditions of social interaction and the state of social ties and solidarities in urban neighborhoods (i.e. the social dimension). Therefore, this paper proposes a broader approach combining the aforementioned environmental and social dimensions in the classification of urban form types; and demonstrates its application in a real-world case by developing a data-driven typomorphological classification that complements existing ones with the missing social dimension. The results showed the possibility of numerically identifying neighborhood types that, through distinct urban form characteristics, have different potentials for enhancing the social dimension of heat-stress resilience. This has direct planning and design relevance as the quantifiable characteristics of these types can be translated into guidelines/rules and incorporated into local regulations/codes.

Automatic segmentation and classification of mice ultrasonic vocalizations.

This paper addresses the development of a system for classifying mouse ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) present in audio recordings. The automatic labeling process for USVs is usually divided into two main steps: USV segmentation followed by the matching classification. Three main contributions can be highlighted: (i) a new segmentation algorithm, (ii) a new set of features, and (iii) the discrimination of a higher number of classes when compared to similar studies. The developed segmentation algorithm is based on spectral entropy analysis. This novel segmentation approach can detect USVs with 94% and 74% recall and precision, respectively. When compared to other methods/software, our segmentation algorithm achieves a higher recall. Regarding the classification phase, besides the traditional features from time, frequency, and time-frequency domains, a new set of contour-based features were extracted and used as inputs of shallow machine learning classification models. The contour-based features were obtained from the time-frequency ridge representation of USVs. The classification methods can differentiate among ten different syllable types with 81.1% accuracy and 80.5% weighted F1-score. The algorithms were developed and evaluated based on a large dataset, acquired on diverse social interaction conditions between the animals, to stimulate a varied vocal repertoire.

Entity theory of emotion was associated with more daily negative affect during quarantine: Evidence from a 14-day diary study among healthy young adults.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine has been implemented as a physical distancing measure to reduce the risk of transmission. However, no studies have examined the relationship between quarantine and daily affective experiences. Few studies have examined the individual-level factors that may alleviate or strengthen the negative impact of quarantine on daily affective experiences. To this end, we conducted a diary study by comparing the affective experiences of people in quarantine with those of people not subject to quarantine. There were 201 participants in the study. After the pretest collecting responses on demographic information and entity theory of emotion, the participants completed a daily questionnaire measuring their daily positive and negative affect for 14 consecutive days. The results of hierarchical linear modeling showed that the participants in the quarantine condition reported less daily positive affect than those in the social interaction condition. We found that when the participants under quarantine believed more strongly that their emotions could not be changed, they reported a higher level of daily negative affect. These findings demonstrate the role of entity theory of emotion in understanding daily negative affect during quarantine.

Communication and social interaction in conditions of increasing sociality as a factor in the development of society

Modern society is a multidimensional, multipolar, and fragmented in many constituent aspects, community. The society lacks a unified understanding of historical retrospect and prospects, development strategies, approaches to solving life problems, including global warming, environmental pollution, threats of hunger, and depletion of resources, pandemics and conflicts. However, the most important reason for the imbalance of the world is the inability to agree. The purpose of the article is to present a constructive and conceptual picture of the interconnectedness of social communication and social interaction as medial conditions for achieving integrity and dynamic balance in society. It is noted that systemic violations of public relations and relations between people have formed a global situation of inability to carry out normal interaction in a positive vector. The communication saturation of social interaction is only a consequence of the evolutionary need of society to move to a new level of interaction of social attractors, all elementary and institutional subjects of social action. It is proposed to consider interaction in the social system as a medial factor of integration and development of society and its subsystems in the vector of achieving the necessary integrity and dynamic equilibrium. At the same time, social communication is a systemic tool for achieving the desired state, the possibilities, features and conditions for social interaction to fulfill its evolutionary functional purpose as a medial factor of the functioning and development of the social system are formulated.

How Symbols and Social Interaction Influence the Experienced Utility of Sustainable Lifestyle Guiding Policies: Evidence from Eastern China.

As the key to mitigating climate change, a sustainable lifestyle has become a focus of environment policy. Past studies have largely neglected the symbols of sustainable lifestyle guiding policies and failed to capture its effect on the experienced utility of sustainable lifestyle guiding policies (EUSLGP). To address this drawback, symbolic value was incorporated into a model consisting of social interaction and the EUSLGP. With data collected from 3257 respondents in Eastern China, ordinary least squares were applied to examine hypotheses and two-stage least squares based on the instrumental variable to verify the results. Results show that symbolic value combines self-expression value, relationship consolidation value, group identification value, and status-showing value, and is positively associated with EUSLGP. Social interaction plays a moderating role in the association between symbolic value and EUSLGP. Moreover, significant regional differences are discovered in the identified relationships. Consequently, policy suggestions, covering symbolic value, social interaction, and regional conditions, are proposed to enhance the EUSLGP for other countries and regions.

Acid-Responsive Dual-Targeted Nanoparticles Encapsulated Aspirin Rescue the Immune Activation and Phenotype in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most difficult challenges in neurodevelopmental diseases, because of the unclear pathogenesis research and low brain‐lesion targeting efficiency. Besides, maternal immune activation has been reported as the most mature and widely used model of ASD and aspirin‐triggered lipoxin A4 is a potent anti‐inflammatory mediator being involved in the resolution of neuroinflammation in ASD. Therefore, an aspirin encapsulated cascade drug delivery system (Asp@TMNPs) is established, which can successively target the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and microglial cells and response to the acid microenvironment in lysosome. As a result, the mitochondrial oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammation of microglial cells are prominently alleviated. After the treatment of Asp@TMNPs, the social interaction, stereotype behavior, and anxious condition of ASD mice are notably improved and the activation of microglial cells is inhibited. Overall, this system successively penetrates the BBB and targets microglial cells, therefore, it significantly enhances the intracephalic drug accumulation and improves anti‐neuroinflammatory efficacy of aspirin, providing a promising strategy for ASD treatment.

СОЦІОКУЛЬТУРНІ ФАКТОРИ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ

Culture is seen as an additional resource for increasing labor productivity and the efficiency of state institutions. The main objective of the article is to develop methodological foundations for the study of culture as a factor in economic processes. The issue of the role of social and cultural norms in the behavior of economic agents and the overall functioning of the economic system is not new. The study of non-economic factors in economic processes has become a hallmark of representatives of institutionalism. The concept of behavioral economics has gained considerable popularity in the last decade. Public cooperation on the basis of patching and harmonization of personal (including economic) interests of economic individuals according to certain property rights, rules of interaction determines the processes of both household management and economic activity in general. Culture begins to take shape at the stage of individual life as a materialized result of labor, but its development acquires exceptional conditions of social interaction. Socio-cultural environment is a basic element of a social system that unites its members in time and space and explains the expediency of interaction, the principles of coexistence, establishes the rules for coordinating interests between members of one society and with representatives of other cultural traditions. All this will manifest itself in the social and institutional structure of society, the operation of formal institutions, the principles of exchange, the distribution and redistribution of property and sources of wealth, the definition of value, the prestige of work, and the structure of the division of labor. Culture acts as a prerequisite, a management tool and a result of socio-economic development. In the context of a competitive struggle for well-being, culture (as a system of values) without a proper material and technical basis turns into one of the factors of superiority, but not the key one. Without proper material support, the development of culture is impossible. The study of economic processes in the context of socio-cultural processes is fully consistent with the principles of the civilizational paradigm and interdisciplinary approach. Rejection of the analysis of non-economic factors significantly limits economic analysis. The unity of socio-cultural and economic is inherent in the very nature of the science of economic activity.

Electrophysiological Correlates of Social Decision-making: An EEG Investigation of a Modified Ultimatum Game.

Cooperation behaviors during social decision-making have been shown to be sensitive to manipulations of context. However, it remains unclear how aspects of context in dynamic social interactions, such as observed nonverbal behaviors, may modulate cooperation decisions and the associated neural mechanisms. In this study, participants responded to offers from proposers to split $10 in an Ultimatum Game following observation of proposer approach (friendly) or avoidance (nonfriendly) behaviors, displayed by dynamic whole-body animated avatars, or following a nonsocial interaction control condition. As expected, behavioral results showed that participants tended to have greater acceptance rates for unfair offers following observed nonverbal social interactions with proposers compared with control, suggesting an enhancing effect of social interactions on cooperative decisions. ERP results showed greater N1 and N2 responses at the beginning of social interaction conditions compared with control, and greater sustained and late positivity responses for observed approach and avoidance proposer behaviors compared with control. Event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) results showed differential sensitivity within theta, alpha, and beta bands during observation of social interactions and offers that was associated with subsequent decision behaviors. Together, these results point to the impact of proposers' nonverbal behaviors on subsequent cooperation decisions at both behavioral and neural levels. The ERP and ERSP findings suggest modulated attention, monitoring, and processing of biological motion during the observed nonverbal social interactions, influencing the participants' responses to offers. These findings shed light on electrophysiological correlates of response to observed social interactions that predict subsequent social decisions.