Conditions Of Fe2 Research Articles

Silencing of lipocalin-2 improves cardiomyocyte viability under iron overload conditions via decreasing mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis.

This study aimed to investigate the mechanistic roles of LCN-2 and LCN-2 receptors (LCN-2R) as iron transporters in cardiomyocytes under iron overload condition. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were treated with either LCN-2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or LCN-2R siRNA or L-type or T-type calcium channel (LTCC or TTCC) blockers, or iron chelator deferiprone (DFP). After the treatments, the cells were exposed to Fe3+ or Fe2+ , after that biological parameters were determined. Silencing of lipocalin-2 or its receptor improved cardiomyocyte viability via decreasing iron uptake, mitochondrial fission, mitophagy and cleaved caspase-3 only in the Fe3+ overload condition. In contrast, treatments with LTCC blocker and TTCC blocker showed beneficial effects on those parameters only in conditions of Fe2+ overload. Treatment with DFP has been shown beneficial effects both in Fe2+ and Fe3+ overload condition. All of these findings suggested that LTCC and TTCC play crucial roles in the Fe2+ uptake, whereas LCN-2 and LCN-2R were essential for Fe3+ uptake into the cardiomyocytes under iron overload conditions.

Pre-Evaporative Fenton Remediation of Treated Municipal Wastewater for Reuse Purposes

The present study explored the application of evaporative technology as an alternative desalination technique for wastewater treatment plant effluent. In the experiments carried out, it was shown that evaporation allowed for extensive decontamination of wastewater treatment plant effluent as most inorganic and organic contaminants were completely removed. Ammonia could be retained in the concentrate when pH was adjusted to values lower than 4; however this led to increased nitrite volatility due to the formation of nitric oxide. Using an electronic nose, it was observed that evaporation gave rise to a change in odour quality and quantity due to volatilisation of the volatile organic compounds present in the effluent. Remediation of these components was carried out by Fenton oxidation prior to evaporation. A high removal was observed under the applied conditions of Fe2+ = 25 mg l−1, H2O2 = 50 mg l−1, pH = 3 and a reaction time of 2 hours.

ANODIC FENTON TREATMENT OF TREFLAN MTF®

Anodic Fenton Treatment (AFT) is a radical oxidation treatment process which generates highly reactive hydroxyl radicals via the Fenton reaction. The degradation of trifluralin, a widely used hydrophobic yet volatile dinitroaniline herbicide, was studied during AFT. Three different concentrations of trifluralin, as the emulsifiable concentrate Treflan MTF®, were treated at three different concentrations and Fe2+:H2O2 delivery ratios. Each treatment, done in triplicate, involved electrochemical Fe2+ delivery from a sacrificial anode and H2O2 delivery via a peristaltic pump. Optimal treatment conditions of Fe2+:H2O2 delivery for the AFT of Treflan MTF® were determined. Data were pooled for multiple regression analyses to determine whether first, second or third order models for degradation of trifluralin and formulation ingredients were appropriate. Trifluralin degraded partially and slowly with an optimal Fe2+:H2O2 delivery of 1:1 for 100 μM and 40 μM trifluralin solutions and 1:10 for 15 μM solutions. The trifluralin degradation data did not fit the regression models. However, the main formulation ingredient, compound X, degraded completely and rapidly with an optimal Fe2+:H2O2 delivery of 1:5 and with a first order rate of degradation.