Conditions Of Economic Crisis Research Articles

Kształtowanie kompetencji osobistych i społecznych w szkolnictwie zawodowym dla sektora handlu detalicznego w świetle opinii partnerów społecznych

This article aims to present the role of social and self-competencies, as a part of entrepreneurial attitudes in the conditions of economic crisis, which is one of the symptoms of rising unemployment, especially among young people. Particular attention will be paid to the training of these competencies in the course of vocational education, preparing for work in the retail sector, based on the goals and objectives of international research and the educational project: ‘Retail Sector Competencies: Developing self- and social competencies in vocational training for the retail sector (ReSeCo)’. This article presents major findings from the analysis of the social partner opinions, concerning the needs and requirements in the retail sector, to develop social and self-competencies and suitability of the proposed teaching materials.

Social Risks and Class Identification after the Financial Crisis in Korea

This study examines the experiences of social risks such as unemployment, decrease in income, decrease in property, weakening family bonds, deterioration of health and their effects on middle class identification, and self-identified social stratification during the Korean financial crisis. The financial crisis in 1997 fundamentally transformed the density of the middle class and middle class identification declined rapidly in Korea. This study has found that unemployment was the strongest factor to significantly reduce middle class identification. The association between social risks and self-ranked social stratum also reveal the negative impact of economic crisis. Social risks such as unemployment and the deterioration of health around the economic crisis turned out to be significant factors in Koreans lowering their own social stratum ten years after economic crisis. Job instability also had a lasting impact on being ranking themselves lower on the social stratum. This study concludes that after the economic crisis, employment, job stability and physical health conditions are significant factors to affect sustaining or elevating middle class identification and how Koreans rank their own social status.

When do Economic Perceptions Matter for Party Approval?

Do economic perceptions influence partisan preferences or vice versa? We argue that the direction of influence between government approval and economic perceptions is conditional on the state of the economy. Under conditions of economic crisis, when economic signals are relatively unambiguous, perceptions of the economy can be expected to exogenously influence government approval but this is not found when the economy is experiencing a more typical pattern of moderate growth and economic signals are more mixed. We test these arguments using British election panel surveys covering electoral cycles of moderate economic growth (1997–2001) and dramatic and negative disruption (2005–2010). We examine the most commonly employed measures of retrospective economic perceptions and estimate a range of models using structural equations modelling. We demonstrate that when the economy is performing extremely badly economic perceptions have an exogenous effect on government approval and provide a means of electoral accountability, but this is not the case in under more normal circumstances.

Social policy and social cohesion in Greece under conditions of economic crisis, Bank of Greece, Athens 2012

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Financial reporting and tax implications of real estate lease

Leasing is a very popular way of acquiring fixed assets, but despite its importance and presence the users of financial statements are often not in a position to realistically consider reporting entity's lease transactions and their impact on entity's financial position and performan­ce. For years, current financial reporting for leases has been subject to many critiques. The reason for this primary lies in the fact that it left a lot of opportunities for manipulation during the lease classification into finance and operating leases, whereby the former must be reported on balance sheet, and the latter remains off it. Bearing in mind that operating leases have favourable effects on lessee financial statements and a number of accounting ratios, the practice of lessee to deliberately structure lease contracts to circumvent capitalisation of requirements was noticed. Attempts to reform lease accounting have been intensified and their termination might be expected in a form of a new approach, which would be based on the 'right of use' model, hence leading to reporting of almost all leases on balance sheet. Nevertheless, numerous dilemmas complicate the process of achieving comprehensive solutions. It should be considered that radical changes in lease accounting could have effects on lease taxation as well, particularly in the countries where stronger relationship between financial and tax reporting exists. It is also important to recognize the effect of a new approach to lease accounting from the sale and leaseback perspective. This transaction is particularly attractive in the conditions of economic crisis, primary because it enables companies to achieve liquid assets. However, if leases are classified into operating ones, favourable effects on financial reporting seller/lessee should not be neglected either.

Opportunities and Challenges in Overcoming the Economic Crisis

This paper presents the main fundamental concepts concerning the methods of economic analysis: necessity of economic analysis, information system, types of economic analysis, methodologies used for the economic analysis of company, study of the factor which explain the results of the economic analysis of company, stage of the practical analysis. However in relation to conditions of economic crisis. In the same context is presented and analyzed the dictum of Nouriel Roubini, who said: “Stop austerity in the crisis!”. So, this paper analyzes “austerity vs crisis”,“insolvency - good or bad?” and “Sustainable Development” too.

The Identity of the Mediator in Crisis: An Analysis from a Psychosocial

Mediation as a system of peaceful conflict resolution is threatened by global conditions of economic and social crisis that directly affect the identity process of the mediator, which is still under construction. On the other hand, this crisis has led to greater social strife and the consequent need to train professionals in peaceful conflict resolution. Therefore, this paper reflects on the professional identity process of the mediator from a psychosocial perspective, drawing on the theory of social identity propounded by Tajfel (1974) and Bajoit’s concept of desired, assigned and engaged identity (2003). Five focus groups made up of professionals linked to mediation (researchers, teachers, mediators) were set up to assess the usefulness of a psychosocial approach in praxis. Some practical implications of mediator training were discussed, with regard to their professional self-knowledge and improvements in their conflict analysis skills.

Consumer Ethnocentricity within the Environment of Economic Crisis

The purpose of this study is to examine consumer tendencies within the economic crisis, to examine consumer ethnocentrism (CE) among CEE consumers and its character and influence on buying domestic and foreign products. Based on broad existing theoretical and empirical knowledge, we constructed measures for this research derived from existing literature. The hypotheses were tested through structural equation modeling. The analyzed sample consisted of 199 Czech respondents. The results confirm effect of CE on buying behavior as well as national identity influence on CE. In the Czech context, CE significantly and positively influenced domestic purchase behavior. Alternatively, there was only a marginal influence of CE supported its negative effect on foreign purchase behavior. Cosmopolitanism did not affect CE in the Czech context. Therefore, the research findings suggest a prevalent influence of CE on buying behavior under conditions of economic crisis. The paper concentrates on ignored area that was very hard hit by economic crisis in Central and Eastern Europe. The findings provide useful information to marketing specialists in designing their marketing strategies for local “made-in” communication campaigns. In addition, implications for retailers to evaluate their merchandise assortment portfolio are implied from the findings. We build on the positive influence of CE on buying behavior of domestic products versus foreign, and infer preference for freshness and quality of goods. This suggest implications for public policy implications related to local job creation and employment, especially within the area of small local producers, self-employment, development of local agriculture, as well as countryside maintenance. This issue seems to gain more importance and attention given the nature of the global economic crisis for consumers, producers, retailers and government. Potentially, there appears to be significant carryover effect related to the present and future integration processes of the CEE economies.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.23.3.1932

Factoring Turbulence Out: Diaspora Regulatory Mechanism and Migration Development Bank

AbstractThe ongoing economic crisis has shifted much of the policy debate to problems of financial sector regulation, productive capacity collapse, among others. However, this leaves unattended the real situation with labour migration, which directly impacts social and economic inner components of being of millions of individual families across the world. The somewhat ad hoc nature of the process poses several policy issues for the home and host economies alike. Immediate concerns relate to streamlining migrants and remittances flows. This involves sensitive aspects of inequality in migrant workers’ labour efforts vis‐à‐vis domestic workers; migrants’ social and legal status; and less obvious, but still profound, unproductive misallocation of labour resources. Derived from this premise and recognizing the need for an institutional approach, this paper offers alternative policy solutions to temporary labour migration regulation. This research’s original propositions include a Diaspora Regulatory Mechanism and a Migration Development Bank, both operating within a state‐managed temporary labour migration regime. Fiscal action, including multilateral agreements, is crucial. The functionality of these mechanisms will directly impact infrastructure, human capital and entrepreneurial projects development in both home and host economies. Discussion is inspired by the analysis of actual circumstances in the economies of the Commonwealth of Independent States, where migration is a social, economic, and increasingly political issue. In the interlinked world, diasporas become dominant actors across all society strata. The development plateau of the post‐socialist states offers a rich economic and social soil to conduct responsible policy with future outlook. Moreover, conditions of ongoing economic crisis offer a unique opportunity for daring research to propose and for a motivated decisionmaker to implement original, proactive, and beneficial policy solutions aimed at streamlining the (temporary) labour migration process. This paper contributes to the emerging literature on topics of diaspora, labour migration, and remittance flows.

Technology and Development in Latin America: Urgent Challenges for the 21st Century

Abstract Capitalist globalization has accelerated technological development but the result has been to intensify global inequalities and reproduce the structures of underdevelopment in entire world regions. In Latin America, the era of Keynesian developmentalism sought to overcome foreign domination that prevailed in modernization-style development regimes. Advances made in that era were halted and later reversed through the imposition of neoliberalism throughout the region. Neoliberal development increased developing country dependency upon foreign technologies and reproduces the structures of underdevelopment. Anti-neoliberal alternatives are possible even under conditions of severe economic crisis as illustrated by the Cuban socialist model. Other countries will likewise need to pursue more endogenously oriented technology policies if they are to overcome the crippling impact of the neoliberal period.

Банковский сектор Прибалтики

The author states that Baltic banking sector is notable for its heterogeneity. Under conditions of global financial and economic crisis of 2008–2010 and the problems in the Eurozone this became a factor that is aggravating the crisis processes. In particular, a conclusion is drawn that the situation in Baltic banking sector developed and continues to develop under two scenarios. One is realized by the capital from Nordic countries which dominates in the Baltic region. Other participants of banking sector adhere to another one. Scenarios differ by the objects in view and means used. Generally, a tendency of stagnation of Baltic bank sector’s activity is marked.

The change of consumers’ behavior in crisis conditions: A psychological approach to the empirical evidence from Romania

The purpose of this article is to analyze the causal relation between the psychological factors of behavior in risk-generating situations and the change of consumers’ behavior in the context of nowadays economic crisis. In order to test the conceptual model of behavior change in uncertain conditions developed, the empirical data were collected according to a sample of 527 Romanian consumers during April, 2010. The results of the study emphasize the starting premise, that is, in nowadays economic crisis, there is a direct causality relation between the perception of the risks, the risk-generating situation aversion and the change of consumers’ behavior. The results reveal, though, the fact that the psychological factors considered within the conceptual model do not influence on the same scale the change of behavior. The limits of the research arise from the perishable topic itself, because the dimensions of the identified segments as well as the profile of the behavioral change vary according to many identified factors. This study brings its contribution to the understanding of the change of consumers’ behavior in economic crisis conditions by using a new perspective unexplored by the literature in the field until now. Key words: Economic crisis, risk perception, risk aversion, consumer’s behavior change.

The Development of Business Standardization and Integrated Management Systems

The Development of Business Standardization and Integrated Management SystemsAt the beginning of the 21st century, business standardization has been experiencing intense development, while technical standardization has been moved to the background. Globalization, the development and application of IT technology, the global economic crisis and severe conditions in business have only contributed to this development. Today, the most current standards to be applied are ISO 9000, 14000, 17000, 18000, 20000, 22000, 27000, 31000 and others. At this point the basic question that arises is how to apply these standards in an integrated fashion. Integrated management systems are the answer, which should connect at least two standards or at best all of them - from five to seven. This paper deals with the development of individual models of business standardization, and their integration in the design and implementation of IMS, from the viewpoint of quality management requirements, environmental protection, the safety and health protection of employees and some other demands.

Challenges of Economic Stress on Chinese Entrepreneurs and TheirFamilies in Laos

Chinese are increasing in number in Laos as new inter-governmental agreements permit labour migration for infrastructure development. Entrepreneurs have been accompanying migrants and establishing their own businesses, alongside the long-standing businesses established over the years by ethnic Chinese in the country. Many industrial sectors are involved. Problems that Chinese entrepreneurs might face include language issues and discrimination, as well as lack of business infrastructure and support services. Additionally, Lao consumers are primarily motivated by price alone and have little interest in exploring new brands or products. While these business management related issues are clear, what is not clear is the impact that conducting business on such a basis has on additional family members, who are also commonly employed within the business. Key informants were Chinese entrepreneurs and their family members in the capital city of Vientiane and they were interviewed personally with a view to understanding what stresses there may be on family members doing business in an environment which is not entirely friendly or welcoming, especially under conditions of global economic crisis. Competition is intensifying as increasing numbers of Thai and Vietnamese entrepreneurs are seeking to establish a foothold in the Lao market. Many Chinese entrepreneurs have, as a result of these changing conditions, been forced to offer better deals for customers, thereby restricting profits. This has had a follow-through effect on family members.

Ukrainian

Ukrainian

Ways of improvement railway transport in overpass economic crisis conditions

In the article a problem of adapting the railway transport to market requirements is presented and the ways of improving its competitiveness are investigated. Some measures and reserves of improving the operation efficiency for the railway transport are offered.

The system approach to innovative development of regional foodstuff market in conditions of crisis

Efficient control of the consumer foodstuff market can be considered a key direction of economic development of Irkutsk region. This market is strategically important for forming human capital of the region, as food is a basis for preservation and maintenance of population’s health.The economic crisis has been negatively reflected in functioning of the market of foodstuff that is caused by the factors having both internal and external character. Increasing the cost of some kinds of food has negatively affected consumers’ demands, as the incomes of the population in the conditions of crisis are decreasing. The structure of production and sells of foodstuff has changed. While retail prices are growing, the wholesale ones (for the peasants) are decreasing. The lack of coordinated communication between manufacturers and consumers interfered with the process of replacing imported goods with domestic products. Due to long procedures of registration for credits and insufficiency or absence of pledge, the possibilities of small businesses were limited in subsidizing programs. In the conditions of economic crisis, the primary task of the enterprises of food-processing industry should be aspiring to innovative development as well as decreasing the expenses for manufacturing and selling competitive products.

Working disability evaluation of mentally ill persons in times of socioeconomic crisis

Mental disorders reduce social functioning of ill persons in general and often cause permanent work disability. Psychiatric services try to solve individual professional or financial status in economic crisis conditions. The possible causes of disability in psychiatric patients, besides illness, are psychosocial factors. The aim of this research was to determine the number of mentally ill persons as well as morbidity structure changes in work disability evaluation in the last five years. The research included 617 psychiatric patients referred for work disability evaluation in this five-year period (2004-2008). The data contained gender, age, psychiatric diagnosis and the suggested level of disability. In the morbidity structure, a significant increase was found in the group of patients with psychoactive substance abuse, in whom the likelihood of permanent work disability was frequent. A significant decrease was observed in the group of patients with mental retardation. The number of patients with schizophrenia was similar in the study period. The patients with mood disorders, neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders were present in a relatively high number. The evaluation and suggestion for permanent work disability increased statistically significantly, while the number of patients in need for material security decreased in the period of socioeconomic crisis. Disability trend in the population of mentally ill patients is still not favourable, and therefore, their work disability monitoring is an adequate parameter which identifies work inefficacy and unemployment as an important factor of a poor life quality in psychiatric patients.

Funkcjonowanie korporacji Ericsson w warunkach globalnego kryzysu gospodarczego

Ericsson is the company which has been operating on the market for more than thirty years. It continuously develops with the use of knowledge and innovations. The company was founded first as a workshop of telegraphic devices, and later became the leading provider of services for telecommunication companies. Ericsson is the leader in the field of mobile technologies 2G, 3G and 4G, and it operates the networks used by more than billion subscribers.The aim of the following thesis is to analyse the activity of Ericsson. Its aim is also to introduce the process of development and organization of Ericsson company internationally in the conditions of global economic crisis. The expression of the development of this corporation is the increase in its economic potential between 1970 and 2009 and the increase of 29,04 billion USD in sales (from 656,86 billion USD), the worth of the assets from 0,5 billion USD to 37,95 billion USD, the worth of the profits from 42,09 billion USD to 580,45 billion USD, the worth of its own capital from 332,6 billion USD to 19,67 billion USD, and the increase in employment from 61,900 to 82,590 people. Nowadays Ericsson company is operating in 185 countries and more than 95% of its sale takes place outside Sweden. At present Ericsson strengthens its position at eastern markets, mainly in China and India, which is proved by the big amount of regional representatives in both countries. Chinese companies became the biggest customer of Ericsson company, generating 7% of the company’s income. Next in line is India, which is as important as the USA, as far as the income is concerned. In both countries Ericsson gains 6% of its income. The process of technological development in the fields of telecommunication and communication, as well as gaining bigger Chinese and Indian markets, allows to prevent the negative effects of global economic crisis and creates the chances for the further development of Ericsson company.

Мировой кризис и рынок труда

The article deals with the problems of labor market functioning under conditions of global financial and economic crisis. Extensive statistical material is analyzed. The focus is made on identifying the principal specifics of the crisis in terms of such socio-economic parameters of reproduction as employment, unemployment, structure of supply and demand in the labor market, prospects for innovative development, anti-crisis activities of governmental institutions.