Conditions Of Dense Development Research Articles

Justification of ways to improve environmental safety during the liquidation of buildings in the conditions of dense development

The article presents the results of the study of negative factors that accompany the process of building demolition and reduce the environmental safety of urban environment. Based on the system analysis of scientific research, the graph of the impact of negative factors on humans and the environment was compiled. The relevance of the study is justified by the need to ensure environmental safety in the production of demolition works. The purpose of the study was to identify the dependence of the level of negative impact on the characteristics of technological equipment and to improve the system of selecting protective measures, taking into account the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental safety. The result of the research is the developed conceptual model of decision-making on the choice and justification of the method of ensuring environmental safety during the liquidation of buildings in the conditions of dense construction on the basis of reducing the level of influence of negative factors. Practical application of the obtained results is possible in the design of building demolition as an additional justification for selecting the number and type of technological equipment, as well as an addition to the quality control system of works. Keywords: dismantling, recycling, construction waste, crushing plant, pollution, noise, dust, vibration

MANOR OF THE SOCIETY FOR EMERGENCY MEDICINE IN KYIV. HISTORY, ARCHITECTURE AND SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE CITY

Today, the issue of restoring and preserving culture is more relevant than ever for Ukraine. After all, awareness of its significance is the basis of self-awareness of the individual in the context of cultural diversity. Our country has a large number of architectural heritage sites from different periods, which illustrates our multinational culture. However, the problem of uncontrolled construction in the historical center, motivated solely by investment benefits, directly harms the monuments of architecture and urban planning. And the silence of this issue is fraught with their complete extermination and the loss of identity by the city. The objective of the article is also to highlight the value of architectural heritage objects for Ukraine. The article considers an outstanding monument of architecture and urban planning of Kyiv, the Estate of the Ambulance Society. Its history from the moment of construction to the problems of the present, the architecture of facades, elements of their decor and planning features of the building are studied. It emphasizes the importance of preserving a unique example of quality architecture of the early twentieth century. The methodological basis of the study is to systematize and analyze the data obtained from various information sources. The article can be useful for historians of architecture or medicine, as well as for architects who have a scientific interest or work directly with cultural heritage sites. During the study, it was found that the current emergency condition of the building has been present for more than twenty years. Inattention to the unique architectural monument in the Main Directorate for the Protection of Cultural Heritage is explained by the lack of funds for restoration. Having a complicated history, more than a century-long, the estate is an example of successful planning of a medical institution of the early 20th century in the conditions of dense development in the central part of Kyiv.

Assessment of decorative features of lianas when using them for landscaping purposes of the Saratov-Engels agglomeration

Currently, due to the intensive growth of cities, the area for landscaping is being reduced. In conditions of dense development, the use of vertical landscaping plays an important role. The selection of the assortment of plants, in addition to resistance to urban conditions, is also influenced by the decorative characteristics of the species. The use of vines for decorative purposes has a rich history. Along with utilitarian and sanitary-hygienic functions, lianas have long been used to decorate gardens. As a rule, aesthetic evaluation is subjective, but a number of signs can significantly affect its result. We evaluated the types of lianas by decorative qualities in the conditions of the Saratov-Engels agglomeration using the decorative scale. As a result of the study, various options for using lianas in landscaping according to their decorative qualities are proposed.

Method of integro-differential equations for interpreting the results of vertical electrical sounding of the soil

The paper is devoted to the problem of determining the geoelectric structure of the soil within the procedure of testing the grounding arrangements of existing power plants and substations to the required depth in conditions of dense development. To solve the problem, it was proposed to use the Schlumbergers method , which has a greater sounding depth compared to the Wenner electrode array. The purpose of the work is to develop a mathematical model for interpreting the results of soil sounding by the Schlumberger method in the form of a four-layer geoelectric structure. Methodology. To construct a mathematical model, it is proposed to use the solution of a particular problem about the field of a point current source, which, like the observation point, is located in the first layer of a four-layer soil. Based on this expressions, a system of linear algebraic equations of the 7-th order with respect to the unknown coefficients ai and bi was compiled. On the basis of its analytical solution, an expression for the potential of the electric field was obtained for conducting VES (the point current source and the observation point are located only on the soil surface). Results. Comparison of the results of soil sounding by the Schlumberger installation and the interpretation of its results for the same points shows a sufficient degree of approximation: the maximum relative error does not exceed 9.7 % (for the second point), and the average relative error is 3.6 %. Originality. Based on the obtained expression, a test version of the program was implemented in Visual Basic for Applications to interpret the results of VES by the Schlumberger method. To check the obtained expressions, the interpretation of the VES results was carried out on the territory of a 150 kV substation of one of the mining and processing plants in the city of Kriviy Rih. Practical significance. The developed mathematical model will make it possible to increase the sounding depth, and, consequently, the accuracy of determining the standardized parameters of the grounding arrangements of power stations and substations.

Geo-monitoring of basement slab at Abu-Dhabi Plaza in Nur-Sultan City, Kazakhstan

In modern architecture, there is an increased need to design constructions in conditions of dense development. It is important to implement a project without hitches. However, during the construction process, design flaws or environmental impacts can often arise in the end result. Therefore, proper design and monitoring allow taking preventive measures that helps to avoid overhaul of buildings in the future, which also affects to the cost of project, and sometimes-human casualties. During and after the construction of high-rise permanent structures often-unacceptable cracking can occur in the external walls and at the base slab of the basement. Respectively, groundwater starts to leak through the cracks of basement, compromising the serviceability and durability of the basement and rendering it unusable. The paper presents the use of fiber-optic sensor technologies geotechnical engineering. In this paper, it has been established the possibility of foundation monitoring system using fiber optic sensors during the construction process. The monitoring system includes a distributed fiber-optic voltage measurement system using a fiber-optic cable, which allows you to control deformations that occur on the surface of the plate. This study involves an investigation of the foundation system in a high-rise buildings and structures in Nur-Sultan city.

Organization of residential areas focused on walking and using low-speed individual vehicles

To create a comfortable urban environment, authorities are currently working with the population to reduce the specific share of trips by private car and to encourage the use of alternative modes of transportation, including walking, using low-speed individual vehicles as well. The feasibility of such actions is confirmed by numerous studies of the current urban environment, formed based on the universal accessibility of a private car. Car is a personal vehicle, stored near the place of residence. In the conditions of dense development of large cities, formed according to the rules that do not take into account the ownership of a car by the bulk of the population, as well as modern multi-story buildings in the context of a shortage of land resources, the population is faced with the problem of congestion of local territories with private cars, which leads to conflicts between neighbors. In these conditions, the urgent problem of organizing residential elements of the planning structure focused on pedestrian movements and movement using low-speed individual vehicles. This raises the question of the reorganization of the living environment and the identification of the territorial reserves for changes. This article presents the results of a study of the dense development of residential areas to identify the possibilities of its reorganization based on the principles of pedestrian accessibility and accessibility for low-speed individual vehicles. For research, the design method was used. This method made it possible to establish the quantitative value of territorial resources that are possible for redistribution according to their functional purpose, provided that the intensity of use of the territory corresponds to the standards of urban planning.

HYGIENIC ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL RISKS OF HEALTH HARM IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AIRPORT COMPLEXES ACTIVITY

Introduction. The noise impact on human health continues to grow under the conditions of dense development of residential areas. Therefore it is necessary to forecast and identify priority activities and areas requiring special attention when conducting control and supervisory measures on the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population. Material and methods. The economic activity of airport complexes was assessed according to the potential risk to health. Also, spatial and structural distributions of potential risks were estimated. Health risk assessment in the zone of influence of airport complexes was carried out according to Guidelines 2.1.10.1920-04 and 2.1.00.0059-12. Results. The activity of airborne complexes, classified as “Air Transport Activity” category 1 by the potential risk of harm (R1 = 6.97 ∙ 10-3, the scale of the impact is more than 155 thousand people) and located in close proximity to residential development, is shown to representatively confirm the results of the assessment of the potential risk of harm to health. The activity of the analyzed economic entity forms non-normative quality of atmospheric air (up to 1.87 maximum one-time MPC., Up to 4.0 daily average (da) MACda, noise exposure exceedances - up to 90 dB at maximum and up to 66.6 dB at equivalent levels) carcinogenic risk (TCR up to 3.39E-04) and non-carcinogenic risk (up to 3.1 HQac, up to 43.5 HQcr, up to 5.13 HIac, up to 47.3 HIcr). The priority risk factors are benzene, formaldehyde, manganese and its compounds, copper oxide, hydrogen chloride, suspended solids, etc. The external average acoustic exposure forms high levels of risk at the age of 47 years of life (and older), moderate levels by the age of 15 years (and older). Conclusion. The current situation requires the development and implementation of a set of operational and planned measures of sanitary and hygienic, legal, technological, organizational, medical and preventive nature.

RADIO RELAY STATIONS WITH IMPROVED CHARACTERISTICS

Despite the variety of modern means of communication, radio relay lines of information are not lost due to the possibility of their creation in hard-to-reach mountain regions and in conditions of dense development of large cities. One-way radio relay lines have been widely used to transmit information between the central office and branches of the enterprise in corporate networks, between base stations and switching center in mobile communication networks, between military structures for operational management, in emergency situations. When creating radio relay links, the basic tasks are to use the minimum possible transmitter power sufficient to ensure the required quality of information transmission. At the same time minimum influence of electromagnetic radiation on health of people in the area of station operation, better electromagnetic compatibility of equipment with equipment of neighboring regions, duration of station operation at power supply from accumulator battery are achieved. In this paper are reviewed the methods to improve the energy, noise immunity and confidential microwave link using the 4-way signal of PM-4. The advantages of microwave links with noise-like signals generated using pseudorandom sequences based on chaos are shown here.

Experience in Preserving Adjacent Buildings During Excavation of Large Foundation Pits Under Conditions of Dense Development

This article considers the successful implementation of a deep foundation pit next to existing buildings, which experiences settlement and damage to load-bearing structure during the course of its excavation. An analysis is presented of the causes of building settlement and deformation. Steps are described to stabilize settlement and to reinforce foundation beds in damaged buildings. Additional settlements in adjacent buildings, calculated using the finite-element method, are compared to monitoring results upon final completion of the foundation pit.