Inequality Conditions Research Articles

On blow-up conditions for nonlinear higher-order evolution inequalities

On blow-up conditions for nonlinear higher-order evolution inequalities

Expertise and Inequality Amid Environmental Crisis: A View from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta

ABSTRACT Scientific expertise is crucial for responding effectively to environmental crises. Nevertheless, under conditions of political inequality, expert policy making can inhibit policy solutions by altering incentives of powerful interest groups. This is the situation facing the predominantly Alaska Native communities of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, which have long relied on salmon for subsistence and are now experiencing a collapse of the salmon population. Scientific evidence indicates that climate change is a primary cause, and experts therefore have opposed demands by Native subsistence fishers for ameliorative measures—especially restricting pollock fishing—as likely to be ineffective. However, this approach eliminates incentives for the influential pollock industry to support policies to address the salmon crisis, including climate-change mitigation. This article presents a simple formal model that demonstrates these incentive effects. This argument contributes to theories of business power and shows how expert policy making can inadvertently force marginalized communities to bear the burden of climate change.

Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for the Boundedness of Multiple Integral Operators with Super-Homogeneous Kernels in Weighted Lebesgue Space

Super-homogeneous functions including homogeneous functions, quasi-homogeneous functions, and several non-homogeneous functions are considered. Using the weight function method, the construction conditions of Hilbert-type multiple integral inequalities with super-homogeneous kernels are first discussed. Then, using the obtained results, the construction problem of bounded multiple integral operators with super-homogeneous kernels in weighted Lebesgue space is discussed, and the necessary and sufficient conditions for operator boundedness and the operator norm formula are obtained.

Efficiency of coronavirus testing from a spatial perspective: the Israeli case

ABSTRACT A prominent characteristic of. COVID-19 is the long incubation period, the lack of symptoms during that period, and significant geographic variation in prevalence and testing. This article investigates the relationship between testing and infection based on an Israeli sample of 193 municipalities and a report from 11 May 2020. Results support an exponential rise in the fraction of positive. COVID-19 outcomes with the fraction of tests. Finally, under conditions of equal socioeconomic ranking, population density and income inequality, the projected efficiency of tests rises with population density and the Gini index and drops with socioeconomic ranking.

Transforming systems and improving lives - the social movement of compassion in Wales

Abstract Wales has embarked on a journey towards becoming an adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and trauma-informed nation. In 2021 the Welsh government supported the co-creation and co-production of an all age, all of society framework: Trauma- Informed Wales: A Societal Approach to Understanding, Preventing and Supporting the Impacts of Trauma and Adversity (ACE Hub Wales et al 2021). This framework is not just an operating model, it has the ambition to be a social movement to embed and sustain a culture shift that is rooted in tackling the conditions of inequality in our communities and the work we do in organisations in the clinical and community settings that support, and employ, people who have experienced trauma and adversity in their lives. The starting point is that any of us can have these experiences. The trauma and ace informed toolkit sets out a process of readiness, self assessment, action planning and implementation across six domain areas which include governance and leadership, monitoring and evaluation, policy and practice. Resources and guidance are co-created and co-produced by partners already on the journey, developed and tested in environments to look at trauma-informed physical spaces, communications, workforce development, training and inclusion of marginalised voices. Supporting this work is a national community of practice, promoting good practice, sharing ideas and developing a culture of wisdom supported by reflective practice. This dynamic forum is supported by online and in person capacity and is transforming organisations and sectors including housing, education, substance misuse, criminal justice and health. It places people, compassion, kindness and empathy at the heart and is enabling traumatised systems to understand and meet the needs of the workforce and the people they serve. Key messages • Systems change is sustained by compassion, kindness and love in a social movement supported by the scaffolding of an operating model. • Public Health has a key role to play in co-developing social networks and resources to transform traumatised systems into trauma-informed places that improve lives and health outcomes.

Feminist Beliefs, Not Gender Equality Primes, Shape Self-Reported Partner Preferences

AbstractMen are reported to prioritise physical attractiveness in potential intimate partners, while women focus on the abilities of potential partners to provide resources. Yet previous research has suggested that these traditional gender differences vary according to national levels of gender equality. Here, we used priming material to manipulate participants’ perceptions of gender equality and examined the effects on self-reported partner preferences, and we also investigated the association between participants’ gender role attitudes and partner preferences. In Study 1 and 2 (n = 224 and 380), participants were presented with priming material that focused on either inequality between the genders in the present day (Inequality Condition) or recent improvements in gender equality (Equality Condition). Contrary to our predictions, the importance that participants placed on the physical traits and resource-gaining potential of partners did not differ between conditions in either study. However, on average, men placed greater emphasis on physical traits and preferred younger partners, and women placed greater emphasis on resource-gaining characteristics and preferred older partners, in line with previous research. In addition, men who reported more positive feminist attitudes placed less emphasis on physical traits, and women who reported more positive feminist attitudes placed greater emphasis on kindness, compared to same-gender participants who scored lower on feminist attitudes. This research suggests that self-reported partner preferences are related to an individual’s feminist attitudes and highlight the challenges of exploring these associations with forced-choice and experimental priming designs.

Relaxed conditions for parameterized linear matrix inequality in the form of nested fuzzy summations

The aim of this study is to investigate less conservative conditions for parameterized linear matrix inequalities (PLMIs) that are formulated as nested fuzzy summations. Such PLMIs are commonly encountered in stability analysis and control design problems for Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy systems. Utilizing the weighted inequality of arithmetic and geometric means (AM-GM inequality), we develop new, less conservative linear matrix inequalities for the PLMIs. This methodology enables us to efficiently handle the product of membership functions that have intersecting indices. Through empirical case studies, we demonstrate that our proposed conditions produce less conservative results compared to existing approaches in the literature.

Economic growth, income inequality and lethal violence in developed countries

PurposeThe paper aims to investigate the effect of GDP growth on crime and to test the hypothesis of nonlinearity. Additionally, we estimate the interaction between GDP and income inequality and examine its impact on the relationship between GDP and homicide rates.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilizes panel data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), spanning the period from 2000 to 2018 and estimates dynamic panel GMM models.FindingsWe found a nonlinear relationship between GDP and homicide rates, indicating a dual effect of GDP on the occurrence of lethal crimes. Moreover, income inequality conditions the effect of GDP on homicide rates, exerting a significant influence. We conclude that in contexts characterized by high levels of income inequality, GDP growth is more effective in reducing crime, as there is greater potential for improvement.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into the complex nonlinearity between economic conditions, income inequality and homicide rates.

Race and caste in the making of US sociology

In this article, we take a look at the influence of 20th-century provenance of caste as a category of academic importance meriting a debate in American sociology and beyond. Two actors participated in the animating discourse of caste and race in the annals of American sociology. Oliver Cromwell Cox took a class position to define caste, unmaking the hierarchies set in social structures. Instead, he advocated for a racialized system to understand the post-slavery capitalist America. Gerald Berreman represented a different camp that found social hierarchies to be co-determinant of relations and division arranged into a caste society. The debate over caste, nevertheless, admitted to the plausibility of castes contrasted with India’s caste system. However, caste categorization was found to be an appropriate application to the conditions of social inequalities. Gunnar Myrdal and other scholars of repute contributed to the debate. What remained limited in their theoretical contributions to the discussion was an inadequate focus on the lived reality and politics of the caste formulations in the postcolonial, socialist mode of production. A serious examination of untouchability, sub-castes and sub-sub-castes that regulate the kernel of the caste system as well as the racialized castes in India were not studied or referenced in detail. This article adds to that void a theoretical understanding of the discussion on caste, race and colour in sociological and anthropological disciplines.

Geometric stabilization of discrete‐time systems via dissipativity approach and output feedback control

AbstractGeometric stabilizability is studied for nonlinear discrete‐time systems (DTS) utilizing linear static output feedback (SOF). Initially, a linear SOF controller is designed such that nonlinear DTS achieve geometric stabilizability. Utilizing the concept of geometric QSR‐dissipativity (GQSR‐D), a condition both sufficient and necessary is proffered to guarantee geometric stabilizability for nonlinear DTS. Subsequently, the necessary conditions of linear matrix inequality (LMI) are delineated to ascertain the stability of a system employing linear SOF. A new sufficient and necessary condition is provided aiming to stabilize the linear time‐invariant (LTI) DTS based on GQSR‐D. Lastly, examples are furnished to elucidate the efficacy of the results, thereby reinforcing their practical applicability.

Robust static output feedback stabilization of stochastic discrete-time systems using stochastic geometric dissipativity

This paper delves into the realm of geometrically mean square stable in probability (GMSSiP) for stochastic discrete-time systems (SDTS). To achieve this, we construct a stochastic geometric QSR-dissipativity (SG-QSR-D) inequalities and devise a linear static output feedback (SOF) controller. This framework is instrumental in establishing GMSSiP and asymptotical stability in probability. Additionally, we establish sufficient and necessity conditions for GMSSiP of the SDTS by using SG-QSR-D. Expanding on this foundation, a linear SOF controller is developed by establishing connections between GMSSiP and SG-QSR-D. Specifically, we demonstrate that the asymptotical stability in probability of the closed-loop linear time-invariant (LTI) SDTS is ensured through a linear matrix inequality (LMI) condition and a linear SOF controller. Two illustrative examples are given to show the effectiveness of the obtained results.

Exploring health inequities through the actor‐network theory lens

AbstractSocial theory plays an important role in the nursing discipline and nursing inquiry as it helps conceptually embed nursing in the larger picture of the social world. For example, a broad category of critical theory provides a unique lens for uncovering social conditions of inequity and oppression. Among the sociological theories, actor‐network theory (ANT) is an approach to research and analysis that has recently gained interest among nurse philosophers and researchers. Studies guided by ANT seek to understand phenomena of interest as constituted within the relationships between human and nonhuman actors to understand how care practices are co‐created/enacted and how they can be made more humane. In this paper, we describe the benefits of ANT for examining healthcare access for incarcerated individuals with life‐limiting illnesses accessing palliative care and for people using illicit drugs. We argue that attention to the materiality of care practices can contribute to efforts of advancing health equity for these groups.

Polynomial filter-based adaptive fault-tolerant control for a class of nonlinear systems with multiplicative faults

In this article, the problem of fault-tolerant control is investigated for polynomial nonlinear systems (PNSs) subject to multiplicative faults and measurement noise. Firstly, a matrix Taylor expansion technique is applied to transform the PNS into a linear parameter varying system. Then the polynomial filter is constructed to get estimations of states and unmatched disturbances, which reduces the effect of measurement noise. A novel adaptive fault-tolerant controller is proposed to compensate for multiplicative faults and unmatched disturbances. Furthermore, the condition of the parameter-dependent linear matrix inequality (PDLMI) is deduced, which guarantees the boundedness of tracking errors and estimation errors, and the sum of squares (SOS) decomposition technique is utilized to solve PDLMI. Finally, the simulation of a rotary steerable drilling tool system confirms the feasibility of the proposed adaptive fault-tolerant control framework.

Two-set inequalities for the binary knapsack polyhedra

This paper presents two-set inequalities, a class of valid inequalities for knapsack and multiple knapsack problems. Two-set inequalities are generated from two arbitrary sets of variables from a knapsack constraint. This class of cutting planes is not a traditional type of lifting since a valid inequality over a restricted space is not required to start. Furthermore, they cannot be derived using any existing lifting technique. The paper presents a quadratic algorithm to efficiently generate many two-set inequalities. Conditions for facet-defining two-set inequalities are also derived. Computational experiments tested these inequalities as pre-processing cuts versus CPLEX, a high-performance mathematical programming solver, at default settings. Overall, two-set inequalities reduced the time to solve some benchmark multiple knapsack instances to up to 80%. Computational results also showed the potential of this new class of cutting planes to solve computationally challenging binary integer programs.

Interpretation of Fairness Concept and Economic Impact Analysis of Carbon Quota Allocation between Industries in Indonesia

Abstract Quota allocation is critical in implementing supporting policies for carbon reduction efforts, such as the carbon cap and trade mechanism. Depending on the allocation rules, certain company types may benefit more economically. Inequality conditions can happen and reduce the willingness to participate in sustainability efforts. This study aims to propose fairness interpretations in the context of company-level carbon quota allocation. Four industries in Indonesia with inherently different emission and financial profiles were selected as case studies: energy, oil palm, basic materials, and finance. Fairness principles were analyzed to represent the interests of companies based on their financial and environmental performance. Indicators were selected to quantify the equality principles and aggregated into a Comprehensive Index (CI) for quota allocation, where the companies’ quota surplus/deficit is quantified into monetary value to estimate the economic impact with varying reduction targets. According to our analysis, the sectoral advantages/disadvantages would depend on the viewpoint of fairness principles, and the oil palm and financial sectors be less impacted than the basic materials and energy sectors with increased emission reduction targets. The sensitivity analysis suggests that the vertical, horizontal, polluter pays, and historical responsibility principles are more sensitive to weighting than the merit and basic needs principles.

Generalized proportional–integral extended state observer-based controller design for fully actuated systems

In this paper, a feedback controller based on the extended state observer is proposed for fully actuated systems. First, a generalized proportional–integral observer is designed to estimate states and disturbances simultaneously. Using the linear parameter varying approach and the convexity principle, a linear matrix inequality condition is given to obtain the observer gains. Second, on the basis of the full-actuation property and the estimated states, a feedback controller, utilizing estimated disturbances to compensate for system disturbances, is designed to make all the states of the closed-loop system uniformly ultimately bounded. In addition, if disturbances are constant or slow time-varying, the observation errors and the states of closed-loop system are all exponentially convergent. Two illustrations are provided to show the validity and practicality of the proposed approach. Simulation results show that the estimated disturbances can follow the true values with relatively small errors, so compensating the system disturbances with estimated values can effectively reduce the ultimate bounds of states of the closed-loop system.

Finite-time hybrid impulsive formation tracking control of multi-agent systems via aperiodic intermittent communication

This article studies the problem of formation tracking control in multi-agent systems, achieved in finite time, under challenging conditions such as strong nonlinearity, aperiodic intermittent communication, and time-delay effects, all within a hybrid impulsive framework. The impulses are categorized as either stabilizing control impulses or disruptive impulses. Furthermore, by integrating Lyapunov-based stability theory, graph theory, and the linear matrix inequality (LMI) method, new stability criteria are established. These criteria ensure finite-time intermittent formation tracking while considering weak Lyapunov inequality conditions, intermittent communication rates, and time-varying gain strengths. Additionally, the approach manages an indefinite number of impulsive moments and adjusts the control domain’s width based on the average impulsive interval and state-dependent control width. Numerical simulations are provided to validate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed formation tracking control protocols.

Staging interactivity: platform logics at the participatory museum

ABSTRACT In an effort to remain relevant as meaningful civic institutions under the dynamic socio-technical conditions of contemporary capitalism, participatory museums have adopted commercial technologies, embraced novel organizational models, and deployed interactive pedagogical environments to encourage innovative habits of behavior and thought as governmental imperatives. The historical formation and transformation of the Exploratorium, widely considered to be the birthplace of participatory science and technology education, lends perspective on these institutional developments as well as the politics of interactivity more broadly. What had been conceived of and built as a pedagogical space to promote a scientifically literate and politically engaged citizenry in the aftermath of the Manhattan Project and McCarthyism – the interactive technological environment – has since been taken up as a means to forge self-investing subjects on behalf of political projects of market rule. In the context of austerity politics and the rise of the digital economy, the managerial logics that animated the museum as well as the pedagogical stage of interactivity that underwrote it provided amenable grounds for market rationalities to take root and disseminate. While profit-driven digital platforms are rightfully seen today as mechanisms for the remaking of relations, activities, and subjectivities, the pedagogical stage created at the museum – the embodiment of both historical continuities and innovations in the realm of interactive exhibition – itself became reconfigured along market lines. A focus on the processes by which this reconfiguration took hold highlights how the material conditions of socio-spatial inequality continue to constitute a domain of urgent contest in the digital age.

Robust PID controller design for positioning systems with hysteresis and time-varying delay

This paper presents Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) conditions for designing Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers that guarantee asymptotic stability with exponential convergence rate for positioning systems affected by hysteresis nonlinearity and time-varying delay. The hysteresis is modelled using the Prandtl-Ishlinskii operator, and the effects of both the time-varying delay and hysteresis are encapsulated into a bounded uncertain parameter confined within a known convex polytope. Numerical results support the theoretical developments, confirming that the controller effectively mitigates the effects of disturbances while suppressing both the hysteresis and time-varying delay influences.

Analisis Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Ketimpangan Distribusi Pendapatan Provinsi Bali

This study aims to determine the Regency / City Classification in Bali Province based on the Klassen Typology, the condition of income distribution inequality between districts / cities, the relationship between income distribution inequality with per capita income, and whether the relationship forms the U-Reverse Kuznets Curve. This research is an analysis of secondary data obtained from BPS Bali Province. The analytical model used is Klassen Typology analysis, Williamson Index, Product Moment Correlation (Pearson). Klassen's Typology Results, Badung Regency and Denpasar City are included in Quadrant I area, Gianyar Regency is included in Quadrant III area, and the remaining 6 Regencies are included in Quadrant IV area. Furthermore, the Williamson Index Calculation in the Year of Observation shows that there is an imbalance in the Province of Bali which shows a downward trend. While the calculation result of Product Moment Correlation (Pearson) shows a very strong relationship between the Williamson Index and the Per capita GRDP and is negative, but the relationship does not form the Kuznets Curve to be a U-Reverse letter.