Condition Factor Research Articles

Association between life’s essential 8 and hyperuricemia among adults in the United States: insights from NHANES 2005–2018

BackgroundHyperuricemia is a significant risk factor for various metabolic and cardiovascular conditions. Life’s Essential 8 (LE8), a comprehensive measure of cardiovascular health promoted by the American Heart Association, may have a protective role against hyperuricemia. This study aims to evaluate the association between LE8 scores and hyperuricemia in a representative sample of US adults.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2018, encompassing 26,885 adults. LE8 scores were calculated based on diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep health, body mass index, blood lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid levels ≥7.0 mg/dL in men and ≥ 6.0 mg/dL in women. Logistic regression and generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to analyze the relationship between LE8 scores and hyperuricemia, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsHigher LE8 scores were significantly associated with lower odds of hyperuricemia (OR per 10-point increase: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.72–0.75, p < 0.001). Stratified analyses revealed consistent protective effects across subgroups defined by sex, age, race/ethnicity, PIR (poverty income ratio), education level, drinking status, eGFR, and CVD status. Logistic regression and GAM analyses both confirmed a linear relationship between increasing LE8 scores and reduced hyperuricemia risk. For example, in males, the OR was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.78–0.84), and in females, it was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.64–0.68).ConclusionThe findings suggest that higher LE8 scores are robustly associated with lower odds of hyperuricemia in US adults. These results support the promotion of comprehensive cardiovascular health behaviors encapsulated by LE8 to mitigate hyperuricemia risk. Further studies are needed to explore the causal pathways and potential interventions.

Comparative growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) sex groups intank culture: A hormone-free approach for sustainable aquaculture in Dodoma, Tanzania

Male tilapia are globally preferred in aquaculture for their superior growth and uniform harvest sizes. However, hormonal sex reversal techniques used to produce all-male populations can pose health and environmental risks. This study investigated the growth performance of manually separated monosex males, monosex females, and mixed-sex groups of Nile tilapia in tank culture as a sustainable and hormone-free alternative. Over six weeks, the study measured various morphometric parameters, weight gain, specific growth rates, water quality parameters, and condition factors. The fish were fed isonitrogenous commercial feed, and the feeding regime was adjusted based on their weight. Results revealed that monosex tilapia groups attained higher growth rates than mixed-sex groups, with males achieving an average final weight of 56.5 g, followed by females at 53.3 g, and mixed-sex groups at 43.3 g. Males had higher morphometric values compared to females and mixed-sex groups. The water quality parameters remained optimal across all groups, indicating that sex composition does not impact water management. Monosex females and mixed-sex groups exhibited better condition factors. The study concludes that tilapia farming can be effectively conducted with either mono-sex male or mono-sex female tilapia, as their growth rates do not differ significantly. Further research and development of techniques to ease the separation of sexes and enhance the growth rates of monosex female tilapia are recommended as a viable, hormone-free alternative for sustainable aquaculture.

Life History Traits of Ambassidae Fish, Chanda nama (Hamilton, 1822) From the Old Brahmaputra River of Northeastern Bangladesh

ABSTRACTThe present study provides a comprehensive analysis of the population structure (length–frequency distributions), growth pattern (length–weight relationships [LWRs] and length–length relationships), physiological condition factors (allometric [KA], Fulton's [KF] and relative [KR]), relative weight (WR) and form factor (a3.0) of Chanda nama. A total of 1200 specimens were collected from the Old Brahmaputra River, northeastern Bangladesh, for 12 months by traditional fishing gear, including seine net and cast net. The total length (TL) of several individuals varied from 2.3 to 7.2 cm. The highest percentage contributed to the population's 4.0–4.5‐cm‐sized group. The LWRs indicated a positive allometric growth pattern (b > 3.0). Fulton's condition factor significantly correlated with TL and body weight (p < 0.0001). The calculated WR ranged from 67.38 to 137.64. No significant variations from 100 were found using the Wilcoxon rank test (p = 0.034), suggesting that C. nama might live there in a balanced predator–prey environment. Furthermore, the measured value for the form factor (a3.0) was 0.0105. In addition, fish with a TL of 7–8 cm should be caught since they are in good condition and have enough meat. The study's findings will greatly contribute to the efficient and enduring management of C. nama in the Old Brahmaputra River and its adjacent ecosystems.

Environmental critical thresholds based on statistical analysis for modelling landslide susceptibility in Continental Basaltic Provinces

Abstract. The study aims to estimate the environmental critical thresholds using statistical approaches to understand the landslide conditioning factors that can trigger landslides in the Continental Basaltic Provinces a landslide-prone area, using as reference the landslides that occurred in an extreme rainfall event. The study area is a region that was the scene of an extreme hydrological event in January 2017, with an accumulated volume of rain of 163.9 mm in 8 hours, causing a widespread event of shallow planar landslides with more than 400 scars detected. Hydrological, anthropic, geological, geomorphological, and topographical features of this region were analyzed considering landslides and non-landslides samples set, and their influence in the event was carried out using the Frequency Ratio method, followed by Pearson's Linear Correlation Coefficient and Linear Regression. The results showed that this process helped us to understand environmental critical thresholds based on classes of conditioning factors that have a greater influence on rainfall-triggered landslide occurrences and, consequently, higher predictive capacity in the landslide susceptibility models with the same geoenvironmental parameters which is a valuable insight for risk management.

Levels and Classification of Microplastics and Their Impact on the Wellbeing of Selected Commercially Important Fish Species in Kisumu Bay, Lake Victoria.

Microplastics (MPs) are emerging pollutants of concern in aquatic ecosystems. Fish ingest MPs accidentally during normal feeding because they resemble prey or by ingesting prey that previously consumed them. Despite severe plastic pollution in Africa, some countries, including Kenya have implemented laws to curb this pollution menace. MPs have scantly been studied in African freshwaters. This study provides empirical data and describes the levels of MPs in four commercially important fish species in Lake Victoria. A total of 95 fish samples were collected from four sampling sites (inshore-offshore waters) between March and May 2022. Microscopy and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transformed Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy methods were used to identify MPs. In this study, 62 out of 95 (65.26%) of the gastrointestinal tracts of the sampled fish contained MPs. The four species showed different proportions of detected MPs among the sampled individuals: 75.00% (Clarias gariepinus), 75.00% (Synodontis victoriae), 71.43% (Lates niloticus), and 59.26% (Oreochromis niloticus). Polystyrene (PS) and poly (perfluorobutadiene) were the main plastic polymers in the fish samples. The condition factors estimated for O. niloticus, S. victoriae, and L. niloticus were > 1 and < 1 for C. gariepinus, respectively. Positive correlations were observed between microplastic numbers and fish length and microplastic numbers and fish weight. However, the low R2 values obtained implied no strong relationship exists between these parameters. These findings provide evidence of microplastic contamination in fish in Kisumu Bay.

Clinical Bioenergetics: Understanding the Interplay Between Energy Metabolism and Human Health

Mitochondrial energy deficits have emerged as a critical factor in various clinical conditions, including inherited metabolic disorders, intoxications, cardiometabolic diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer [...]

Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Involved in the Pathophysiology of Retinal Vascular Disease—Interplay Between Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

Retinal vascular diseases encompass several retinal disorders, including diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, and retinal vascular occlusion; these disorders are classified as similar groups of disorders due to impaired retinal vascularization. The aim of this review is to address the main signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of retinal vascular diseases and to identify crucial molecules and the importance of their interactions. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is recognized as a crucial and central molecule in abnormal neovascularization and a key phenomenon in retinal vascular occlusion; thus, anti-VEGF therapy is now the most successful form of treatment for these disorders. Interaction between angiopoietin 2 and the Tie2 receptor results in aberrant Tie2 signaling, resulting in loss of pericytes, neovascularization, and inflammation. Notch signaling and hypoxia-inducible factors in ischemic conditions induce pathological neovascularization and disruption of the blood–retina barrier. An increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokines—TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6—and activation of microglia create a persistent inflammatory milieu that promotes breakage of the blood–retinal barrier and neovascularization. Toll-like receptor signaling and nuclear factor-kappa B are important factors in the dysregulation of the immune response in retinal vascular diseases. Increased production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage follow inflammation and together create a vicious cycle because each factor amplifies the other. Understanding the complex interplay among various signaling pathways, signaling cascades, and molecules enables the development of new and more successful therapeutic options.

Integrating agricultural land suitability and farmers' perception on crop selection in a water-stressed region of eastern India

CONTEXTThe choice of crops for cultivation should be ideally based on the appropriateness of a specific parcel of land for a particular crop. This is a multi-criteria problem associated with a host of natural conditioning variables including topography, climate and pedology. However, in a country like India, where agriculture is often traditional and subsistence-based, the farmers' choice of crop selection is usually influenced by numerous factors and therefore, may not be explained solely by the spatial variation in the agricultural land suitability. OBJECTIVEThis study is an attempt to understand the intricacies involved in the farmers' selection of crops by integrating the dual aspects of agricultural land suitability and the farmers' understanding of the land. The Kumari River Basin in eastern India has been selected for this study. This area is characterized by acute scarcity of water. METHODSThe basic methodology involved extracting systematic information on conditional factors such as topography, climate and soil. After normalizing different parameters by the Fuzzy Membership Function, a reiterative Principal Component Analysis modified Analytical Hierarchy Process was applied to these conditional rasters to derive an index of agricultural land suitability of the studied basin. Furthermore, the crop-specific suitability of paddy and maize was also considered by employing the Boolean Logic. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSIt is observed that the lower domain of the Kumari Basin is characterized by greater land suitability as compared to the upper and middle domains and the most important factors behind this distribution include slope, potential evapotranspiration and soil fertility. Crop-specific land suitability suggests that, by and large, the suitability of maize is greater than that of paddy in the basin, except for the lower domain where paddy is more suitable to cultivate. However, a study of the perception of the local farmers reveals that although they are aware of this fact, they prefer paddy over maize and are more inclined towards cultivating paddy. The chief reasons cited by them include the high demand for paddy in the area and the absence of a Minimum Support Price for maize. SIGNIFICANCEThis study is possibly an instance where the agricultural land suitability analysis has been substantiated by a field-based perception survey of the farmers which is expected to help in understanding the complexities of crop selection in this part of India.

Incorporating modelling uncertainty and prior knowledge into landslide susceptibility mapping using Bayesian neural networks

ABSTRACT In landslide susceptibility (LS) mapping, the reliance on deep learning (DL) models within the frequentist paradigm often leads to an oversight of modelling uncertainties and priors, undermining reliability. This study applied Bayesian neural network (BNN) using variational inference and Bayes backpropagation to LS mapping in Lin’an, China. We developed two BNN configurations: one employing a zero-mean Gaussian distribution as priors (BNN-normal) and another grounded in domain knowledge (BNN-knowledge), and benchmarked them against deep neural networks (DNNs). The study further investigates the models’ performance against random noise impacts on conditional factors and challenges posed by incomplete landslide inventories. Results indicated although BNNs were comparable to the DNNs in generalisation, they demonstrated superior calibration accuracy, resistance to noise and overfitting. Notably, BNN-knowledge effectively mitigated the adverse effects of incomplete data. A landslide confidence map was constructed by integrating the LS and epistemic entropy. Compared to LS maps without uncertainty analysis, the landslide densities in very high and very low LS area with low uncertainty increased by 8.34 and decreased by 0.1, respectively, providing more information for scientific and effective decision-making. Our results further confirmed that sparse vegetation, anthropogenic disturbances and economic forest expansion were main factors of high LS in the region.

A novel flood conditioning factor based on topography for flood susceptibility modeling

Flood is one of the most devastating natural hazards. Employing machine learning models to construct flood susceptibility maps has become a pivotal step for decision-makers in disaster prevention and management. Existing flood conditioning factors inadequately account for regional characteristics of flood in the depiction of topography, potentially leading to an overestimation of flood susceptibility in flat areas. Addressing this gap, this study proposes a novel flood conditioning factor, local convexity factor (LCF), to enhance the accuracy of flood susceptibility modeling. Initially, LCF is computed based on a standard normal Gaussian surface to highlight elevation variations in local terrain. Subsequently, LCF is applied to flood susceptibility modeling using seven machine learning models across four distinct basins. Comparative analysis is conducted between flood susceptibility maps with and without the application of LCF to evaluate its impact on flood susceptibility modeling. The results demonstrate that the proposed LCF can enhance the accuracy of flood susceptibility modeling to varying degrees, across the four basins investigated. The Fujiang basin exhibited the most substantial improvement, with its AUC improved from 0.861 to 0.886, Producer’s Agreement improved from 0.869 to 0.899, and Overall Agreement improved from 0.778 to 0.811. Comparation with hydrodynamic inundation maps shows that particularly in relatively flat terrain areas, flood susceptibility maps incorporating LCF offer more precise delineation between flood-prone and non-flood-prone zones. This research holds potential for widespread application in the prediction of flood susceptibility using machine learning models, providing a novel perspective for enhancing their accuracy

Living Along Distribution Margins: Differences in the Body and Biochemistry of Red Squat Lobster Morphotypes (Grimothea monodon) from the Humboldt Current System

Grimothea monodon, an important fishery resource in the Humboldt Current marine ecosystem (HCE), present two contrasting morphotypes (PM, pelagic morphotype; BM, benthic morphotype). The fishery management of G. monodon is focused on understanding only fishery aspects that apply to a limited area, and there are currently no studies that evaluate the nutritional status of these morphotypes. This study evaluated the biological performance of PM and BM, analyzing the body (size, CL; weight, W; condition factor, Kn) and biochemical condition (glucose, G; proteins, P; lipids, L; fatty acids, FAs). The results reveal that G. monodon showed differences in CL and W between morphotypes, with higher values in BM than PM. The Kn was different between morphotypes with a tendency of isometric growth. In turn, the G contents were higher in PM than BM, while the contents of P, L, and FAs showed an opposite tendency, with higher contents recorded in BM than PM. Our findings suggest that the Kn should be included to strengthen the biological parameters and their relationships used in fishery management models. Differences in the biochemical condition between morphotypes can be considered potentially adaptive, in response to the combined effect of environmental factors that vary in the HCE.

Environmental and Behavioral Determinants of Septicemia Mortality in Türkiye: A Ten-Year Analysis

This study examines the environmental and behavioral factors associated with variations in septicemia mortality rates across Turkish provinces. Province-level data spanning ten years were analyzed using ordinal logistic regression modeling to determine the predictors of septicemia mortality. Environmental factors such as humidity, temperature, and air pollutants, along with behavioral aspects including alcohol consumption, were evaluated. Analysis of the provided data revealed significant regional variations in septicemia mortality rates across areas with diverse environmental and social characteristics. Higher median humidity and stable environmental conditions (low variability in humidity and temperature) correlated with reduced mortality rates. Alcohol consumption was identified as a risk factor, moderately increasing the risk of septicemia mortality. The findings highlight the intricate relationship between environmental stability, personal behaviors, and septicemia outcomes. The study accentuates the need for targeted public health strategies and suggests that mitigating environmental risks and fostering healthy behaviors could effectively reduce septicemia mortality. Further studies should focus on individual-level data and explore the relationship between these factors in different climatic conditions.

Arduino performance in control systems for converting air-to-water

Humans are unable to function without water. Water is therefore necessary for living. This study will address the advantages of converting air into drinkable water based on this premise. Regarding the condensation process itself, it is not the best option to use it in remote locations because it needs a lot of energy and equipment. Consequently, thermoelectric technology was used in this study to replace the condensation process. This tool's easier thermoelectric operation makes it suitable for usage in remote locations. The design of an effective Arduino program control system should take into account the effects of temperature and humidity condition parameters on the environment to maximize water production. This will allow the performance between supporting sensors and the main components to be automatically optimized under a variety of environmental conditions and produce water without wasting excessive energy. As a result, the trial where the average temperature was 30°C and the average humidity was 81% produced the highest results for the researchers when they calculated the environmental condition factors that were already known. Within the hour-long study session, 6 milliliters of water were created. In addition to the efficiency with which the Arduino program is commanded, from all sensors to the primary thermoelectric components, it can execute commands automatically and optimally. It can also resolve issues that affect the air-to-water converter controller's performance in a way that ensures proper operation of all controllers by taking into account the relevant factors. to the fullest without squandering too much energy

Morphological characteristics of the species Gaidropsarus Mediterraneus (Linnaeus, 1758) population from the Romanian Black Sea coast in the year 2023

The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the Gaidropsarus mediterraneus (Linnaeus, 1758) species growth pattern from the Romanian Black Sea Coast, in the year 2023. This has been accomplished by studying the length-weight relationship, an important parameter, which helps to know the growth pattern of fish populations, Fulton’s condition factor (kc) (useful index for monitoring feeding intensity) from 180 shore rockling individuals caught by pots. Average lengths and weights were 24.4 ± 2.6 cm and 101.46 ± 38.11 g, respectively, the minimum and maximum values were 18.3 and 33.8 cm, 36 and 319 g in weight. The value of exponent b in the equation is 3.197, indicating that the increasing weight is allometrically positive and mean value of the Fulton was 0.68 ± 0.08, with the minimum and maximum values of 0.47 to 0.90. The obtained results can have useful effects on the stock management of this fish species.

Evaluation of the effect of daily tadalafil 5 mg versus daily sildenafil 25 mg on neutrophil-lymphocyte and platelet-lymphocyte ratios in patients with erectile dysfunction: A comparative randomized controlled study

Background: Previous studies have shown that the neutrophils/lymphocytes (NLR) and platelets/lymphocytes (PLR) ratios could be used as markers of inflammatory load as well as prognostic factors in several medical conditions. The current study aimed to compare the effect of using daily tadalafil 5 mg/day versus daily sildenafil 25 mg/day in improving erectile function as well as their ability to reduce NLR and PLR.Methods: One hundred and four participants were recruited. Seventy-four randomized patients with erectile dysfunction were equally divided into 2 groups. Patients in group A used daily tadalafil 5 mg for 2 months while patients in group B used daily sildenafil 25 mg for 2 months. Patients were collected from June 2022 to June 2023. Thirty healthy individuals served as controls. All patients and controls were evaluated using the validated Arabic version of the international index of erectile function (ArIIEF-5) at baseline and after 2 months of medical treatment. Five cc of venous blood sample was obtained before and after 2 months of medical treatment to compare the effect of phosphodiestrase type 5 inhibitors (PDE-5Is) intake for erectile dysfunction on PLR and NLR before and after treatment.Results: The current study showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the cases and the controls apart from the ArIIEF-5 scores. Moreover, there was no significant difference between patients in group A and those in group B regarding PLR and NLR post administration of PDE-5Is. Interestingly, patients in group A demonstrated a highly significant difference between the ArIIEF-5 scores as well as the PLR and the NLR before and 2 months after administration of daily tadalafil 5 mg. On the other hand, patients in group B who were administrated daily sildenafil 25 mg for 2 months demonstrated only a highly significant difference between the ArIIEF-5 scores before and after administration. Meanwhile, patients in group B did not reveal any statistically significant difference in the PLR and the NLR before and 2 months after administration of sildenafil 25 mg. Further regression analysis after adjustment of different variables of the study showed a significant correlation between ArIIEF-5 and PLR in patients who received daily tadalafil 5 mg (r = 0.430, p=0.004).Conclusions: Tadalafil and sildenafil have similar clinical efficacy in treating erectile dysfunction. However, tadalafil is more effective in lowering PLR and NLR compared to sildenafil.

Exploring the association between phase angle of bioimpedance at 50 kHz and cardiovascular risk

BackgroundCardiovascular diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation, leading to increased inflammatory markers that can cause cell damage and death. Phase angle has emerged as a marker of cellular health. It is considered a prognostic factor in various acute and chronic conditions. However, few studies have examined its association with cardiovascular disease risk measures. This study aims to investigate the relationship between phase angle, the general Framingham risk score, and the HEARTS cardiovascular risk score.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of adult patients of 2 primary health care services. Phase angle was measured using multifrequency bioimpedance analysis at 50 kHz. The risk of cardiovascular events was calculated using the Framingham and HEARTS risk scores. Statistical analysis included generalized linear regression models, unadjusted and adjusted according to sex and age, to determine the association between scores, risk factors, and phase angle.ResultsThe study included 164 individuals with a mean age 52.2 (SD 17.9). According to the HEARTS score, low-risk patients had higher phase angle values than those with high or very high risk [ß = -0.57 (95% CI -0.95; -0.19), P = 0.003]. Framingham scores showed a trend toward significance for higher mean phase angle values in low-risk than high-risk patients [ß = -0.43 (95% CI -0.88 to 0.02), P = 0.06].ConclusionPhase angle values were lower in high and very high-risk patients than in low-risk patients, which shows that phase angle is a promising risk predictor for patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Generating a Landslide Susceptibility Map Using Integrated Meta-Heuristic Optimization and Machine Learning Models

A landslide susceptibility assessment is one of the critical steps in planning for landslide disaster prevention. Advanced machine learning methods can be used as data-driven approaches for landslide susceptibility zonation with several landslide conditioning factors. Despite there being a number of studies on landslide susceptibility assessment, the literature is limited in several contexts, such as parameter optimization, an examination of the factors in detail, and study area. This study addresses these lacks in the literature and aims to develop a landslide susceptibility map of Kentucky, US. Four machine learning methods, namely artificial neural network (ANN), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), and stochastic gradient boosting (SGB), were used to train the dataset comprising sixteen landslide conditioning factors after pre-processing the data in terms of data encoding, data scaling, and dimension reduction. The hyperparameters of the machine learning methods were optimized using a state-of-the-art artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. The permutation importance and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) methods were employed to reduce the dimension of the dataset and examine the contributions of each landslide conditioning factor to the output variable, respectively. The findings show that the ABC-SGB hybrid model achieved the highest prediction performance. The SHAP summary plot developed using the ABC-SGB model shows that intense precipitation, distance to faults, and slope were the most significant factors affecting landslide susceptibility. The SHAP analysis further underlines that increases in intense precipitation, distance to faults, and slope are associated with an increase in the probability of landslide incidents. The findings attained in this study can be used by decision makers to develop the most effective resource allocation plan for preventing landslides and minimizing related damages.

Hip fracture in elderly: malnutrition and health outcomes. A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Hip fracture is a common condition among elderly and one of the leading causes of disability. Malnutrition is widely present in older patients and has been identified in several studies as an important and modifiable prognostic factor for several medical conditions, including hip fracture. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the association between malnutrition, assessed by validated tools, and selected health outcomes for different follow-up intervals from hip fracture, in particular: mortality, changes in mobility/living arrangements and postoperative delirium. Methods A literature search on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases up to September 2023, was conducted to identify all studies involving older subjects that reported an association between MNA/GNRI/PNI/CONUT score and health outcome after hip fracture. Meta-analysis was performed by a random-effects model using risk values (RR/OR/HR) extracted from 14 eligible selected studies. Results Malnutrition significantly increased the risk of any adverse outcome by 70% at 1 month, and up to 250% at 1 year, showing an increasing trend with longer follow-up periods. One month after hip fracture, malnutrition significantly increased the risk of postoperative delirium by 275% (OR = 2.75; 95% CI 1.80-4.18; p ≤ 0.05), mortality by 342% (OR = 3.42; 95% CI 2.14-5.48; p ≤ 0.05) and mortality hazard risk by 351% (HR = 3.51; 95% CI 1.63-7.55; p ≤ 0.05). One year after hip fracture, malnutrition significantly increased the risk of transfer to more supported living arrangements by 218% (OR = 2.18; 95% CI 1.58-3.01; p ≤ 0.05), declined mobility by 41% (OR = 1.41; 95% CI 1.14-1.75; p ≤ 0.05), mortality by 368% (OR = 3.68; 95% CI 3.00-4.52; p ≤ 0.05) and mortality hazard risk by 234% (HR = 2.34; 95% CI 1.91-2.87; p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions These findings underscore that malnutrition worsens outcomes after hip fracture in elderly, emphasizing the importance of nutritional assessment to mitigate potential adverse consequences. Key messages • The results of the present study underscore that malnutrition increases the risk of death and worsens mobility and independence after hip fracture in older adults. • Routine nutritional status evaluation could prove beneficial in the management of hip fracture older patients in order to prevent potential adverse outcomes.

Temporal Trends in Dementia Incidence in Sweden: Insights from NEAR Data

Abstract Background This study investigates the temporal trends of dementia incidence in Sweden over a span of 35 years, drawing on data from the National E-Infrastructure for Aging Research (NEAR). Methods Our comprehensive analysis encompassed over 10,000 participants aged 50 and above. We estimated dementia incidence rates across the study period, considering birth cohort, age, and sex while controlling for potential confounders. Additionally. We explored potential modifiers influencing the estimated trend of dementia incidence. Results The analysis reveals a notable decline in dementia incidence rates, particularly among individuals born in more recently. Octogenarians born in the 1920-1930 cohort had a 74% lower dementia incidence rate compared to their counterparts born before 1900. Similarly, nonagenarians born in the 1910-1920 cohort experienced a 45% lower incidence rate. We further investigate determinants influencing this declining trend, shedding light on various factors shaping the observed patterns. Conclusions The incidence rate of dementia in Sweden has shown a consistent decline over the past 35 years, with a notable birth cohort effect indicating lower rates among individuals born more recently. This finding suggests evolving factors in lifestyle, healthcare, or environmental conditions contributing to improved cognitive health outcomes. Key Messages • These findings underscore the importance of proactive public health measures aimed at sustaining and enhancing cognitive health outcomes among aging populations. • Understanding the temporal dynamics and underlying factors driving these trends can inform strategies for promoting healthy aging and improving the quality of life for older adults.

Association of adverse childhood experiences with adult-onset cardiometabolic conditions and prescription medicine use

Abstract Association of adverse childhood experiences with adult-onset cardiometabolic conditions and prescription medicine use Background and importance Adverse childhood experiences are potentially preventable and traumatic events that occur during childhood. Childhood exposure to trauma is highly prevalent and adults who had adverse childhood experiences are at increased risk of developing physical conditions. However, effect of adverse childhood experiences on health outcomes remains underrecognized. Aim Here, we aimed to measure the association of cumulative adverse childhood experience with adult physical condition and use of prescription medicines in general population. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using the population-based health study including 21083 participants at age 40 years or older. Self-reported adverse childhood experiences before age at 18 years, present or previous cardiometabolic conditions, and present or previous use of medications prescribed for cardiometabolic conditions were used in our analysis. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate age, sex, smoking, education, and income-adjusted risk of cardiometabolic condition and prescription medicine use after adverse childhood experiences. Association of multimorbidity and using multiple prescription medicines with adverse childhood experience was analyzed using generalized linear model with ordinal classification. Results We found that having a history of adverse childhood experience was associated with increased risk of subsequent cardiometabolic conditions; hazard ratios ranged from 1.117 (95% CI, 1.054 – 1.185) to 1.341 (95% CI, 1.181 – 1.522). Furthermore, adverse childhood experience was associated with multimorbidity of cardiometabolic conditions (odds ratio [OR], 1.195; 95% CI, 1.117 – 1.279) and increased risk of using multiple prescription medicines (OR, 1.131; 95% CI, 1.057 – 1.210). Notably, we observed the dose – effect relationships of cumulative adverse childhood experience to the increased risk of 5 among 6 cardiometabolic conditions and to the increased risk of using 4 among 6 prescription medicines. Furthermore, cumulative adverse childhood experience had the dose – effect associations with multimorbidity of cardiometabolic conditions (ORs ranged from 1.120 [95% CI, 1.033 – 1.214] to 1.526 [95% CI, 1.276 – 1.825]) and using multiple prescription medicines (ORs are 1.393 [95% CI, 1.195 – 1.624] and 1.572 [95% CI 1.315 1.879]). Conclusions and relevance: Our findings implicate cumulative adverse childhood experience as a risk factor for later cardiometabolic conditions and use of medicines prescribed for cardiometabolic conditions. Our results are significant by suggesting inquiry into adverse childhood experience exposure during clinical consultations, services to alleviate the burden and increasing resilience in addition to strategies aimed at prevention of cardiometabolic conditions might improve health outcomes.