Stress Conditions Research Articles

Rice homolog of Arabidopsis Xylem NAC domain 1 (OsXND1), a NAC transcription factor regulates drought stress responsive root system architecture in indica rice.

Rice yield is greatly constrained by drought stress. In Arabidopsis, XYLEM NAC DOMAIN 1 (XND1) gene regulates the xylem formation, efficiency of water transport, and the delicate equilibrium between drought tolerance and resistance to pathogens. However, diversity and the role of rice homologs of OsXND1 is not reported so far. This study hypothesized that the rice homolog of OsXND1 also regulates drought stress tolerance through modulation of root architecture. Initially, phylogenetic analysis identified two OsXND1 homologs (Os02g0555300 and Os04g0437000) in rice. Further, 14 haplotypes were identified in the OsXND1 of which Hap1 and Hap3 were major haplotypes. The association analysis of OsXND1 with 16 different traits, including 10 root traits, showed three SNPs (Chr02:20972728-Promoter variant; Chr02:20972791-5' UTR variant, and Chr02:20973745-3' UTR variant) were significantly associated with root area, root surface area, total root length, and convex hull area only under drought stress in indica rice. Besides, the superior haplotype of OsXND1 increased the root area, root surface area, total root length, and convex hull area by 46%, 40%, 38%, and 42%, respectively, under drought stress conditions. Therefore, the identified superior haplotype of OsXND1 can be utilized in haplotype breeding programs for the improvement of drought tolerance in rice.

7492 Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 In The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Metabolic Disorders

Abstract Disclosure: H.M. Heshmati: None. H.S. Abu-Lebdeh: None. Background: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a member of the human FGF superfamily, is a 181 amino acid peptide hormone primarily produced by the liver. The gene of FGF21, located on chromosome 19, was cloned in 2000. FGF21 is involved in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. This review presents an update on the relevance of FGF21 in the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic disorders including obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. Methods: A systematic search of literature was conducted using the search terms fibroblast growth factor 21, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. Results: FGF21 is a stress hormone with effects on energy expenditure and metabolism of lipids and glucose. FGF21 exerts its endocrine action in the central nervous system and adipose tissue. The serum FGF21 levels in normal subjects increase with aging. Stressful conditions (e.g., fasting status, protein restriction, exercise, metabolic disorders, kidney diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and sepsis) increase FGF21 secretion. Serum FGF21 levels are increased in obesity, NAFLD, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. Some of these patients may have a state of FGF21 resistance. The resistance to FGF21 is related, at least in part, to the presence of high circulating levels of fibroblast activation protein, a protease that inactivates FGF21. It has been suggested that the exercise-induced weight loss can be due to increased FGF21 secretion and decreased FGF21 resistance in adipose tissue. Serum FGF21 level has the potential to be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis of metabolic disorders (e.g., NAFLD and type 2 diabetes). Based on different metabolic properties of FGF21, FGF21-based therapy has been considered as an attractive approach for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Since native FGF21 has poor pharmacodynamic properties (e.g., short half-life and proteolytic cleavage by proteases), long-acting FGF21 analogs (e.g., LY2405319, PF-05231023, pegozafermin, AKR-001, and LLF580) have been synthesized and tested in clinical trials for the treatment of obesity, NAFLD, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. The available results show that FGF21 analogs can reduce body weight, liver fat, blood lipids, and fasting insulin/insulin resistance. Overall, the treatment with these analogs is safe and well tolerated. Conclusion: FGF21 is a predominantly liver-derived peptide hormone regulating energy expenditure and metabolism of lipids and glucose. Serum FGF21 levels are increased in several metabolic disorders including obesity, NAFLD, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. FGF21 is an attractive target for the treatment of these metabolic disorders. Despite some promising results observed with the use of FGF21 analogs, more clinical studies are needed before recommending FGF21-based therapies in metabolic disorders. Presentation: 6/2/2024

Isolation and characterization of a degradation product of mexiletine hydrochloride using FT-IR, LC-MS and NMR: method development and validation of stability indicating RP-HPLC method for quantification of characterized impurity

Mexiletine Hydrochloride is an antiarrhythmic drug used to treat acute and chronic ventricular arrhythmias. Significant degradation of unknown impurity was observed while evaluating the impurity profile of the Mexiletine Hydrochloride stability studies. The levels of the unknown impurity are more than the regulatory identification/qualification threshold level (0.08%). Mexiletine was forcefully subjected to various stress conditions, such as acidic, basic, oxidation, photolysis, and thermal. Among these stress conditions, we identified an unknown degradation impurity in the thermal stress (105°C for 15 days) of Mexiletine, the same as that of an unknown impurity observed in the stability studies. The present research reports the isolation of unknown impurity in thermal stress by preparative HPLC and the characterization of isolated unknown degradation impurity using LC-MS, FT-IR, and NMR techniques. The spectral data elucidated the structure of the degradation product, and it was identified as “(E)-2-(((1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propan-2-yl)imino)methyl)-6-methylphenol”. A stability-indicating HPLC method was developed and validated to determine and quantify the degradation product in Mexiletine Hydrochloride. The levels of the unknown degradation product reduced to below the limit of detection (<0.007%) from 0.10% after applying its relative response factor “16.5” and complying with the regulatory threshold limits. It helps to extend the shelf life of Mexiletine.

Induction of phytoextraction, phytoprotection and growth promotion activities in Lupinus albus under mercury abiotic stress conditions by Peribacillus frigoritolerans subsp., mercuritolerans subsp. nov.

Strain SAICEUPBMT was isolated from soils of Almadén (Ciudad Real, Spain), subjected to a high mercury concentration. SAICEUPBMT significantly increased aerial plant weight, aerial plant length and the development of secondary roots under mercury stress; increased twice the absorption of mercury by the plant, while favoring its development in terms of biomass. Similarly, plants inoculated with SAICEUPBMT and grown in soils contaminated with mercury, express a lower activity of antioxidant enzymes; catalase enzymes (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) for defense against ROS (reactive oxygen species). Whole genome analysis showed that ANI (95. 96 %), dDDH (72.9 %), AAI (93.3 %) and TETRA (0.99) values were on the thresholds established for differentiation a subspecies. The fatty acids analysis related the strain with the Peribacillus frigoritolerans species. And the synapomorphic analysis reveals a common ancestor with analysis related the strain with the Peribacillus frigoritolerans species. Results from genomic analysis together with differences in phenotypic features and chemotaxonomic analysis support the proposal of strain SAICEUPBMT as the type strain of a novel subspecies for which the name Peribacillus frigoritolerans subps. mercuritolerans sp. nov is proposed. The absence of virulence genes and transmissible resistance mechanisms reveals its safety for agronomic uses, under mercury stress conditions. The ability of Peribacillus frigoritolerans subsp. mercuritolerans subsp. nov to improve plant development was tested in a Lupinus albus model, demonstrating a great potential for plant phytoprotection against mercury stress.

Examining hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis genetic variation on cortisol and alpha-amylase reactivity during an explicit negative-evaluative stress induction.

Prior work consistently links additive genetic variation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis-a multilocus genetic profile score (MGPS)-to depression risk in the context of stress exposure. However, despite that HPA MGPS variants were selected based on evidence that they elevate cortisol reactivity, there are surprisingly few tests of whether an HPA MGPS elevates cortisol reactivity to lab-based stress. Similarly, despite neurobiological connections and coordination between the HPA axis and the sympathetic nervous system (e.g., in the paraventricular nucleus and locus coeruleus), no work has tested whether an HPA MGPS influences sympathetic nervous system reactivity to stress. We investigated whether an HPA MGPS moderates the relation between lab-based stress and: (1) HPA activity indexed by cortisol, and/or (2) sympathetic activity indexed by salivary alpha-amylase, sAA. Emerging adults (N=152; mean age=19.5, largest subsample 44.4% Black/African American) were randomly assigned to one of two Trier Social Stress Test variations, a non-evaluative control, or an explicitly negative-evaluative condition. Participants provided DNA and repeated saliva samples for sAA and cortisol. The HPA MGPS did not significantly moderate the relationship between stress condition and cortisol or sAA reactivity, respectively; moreover, post-hoc tests highlight that individual polymorphisms showed non-significant effects in opposite directions from each other, cancelling out in aggregate. Findings suggest that the HPA MGPS's associations with cortisol reactivity are not as straightforward as initially believed. We speculate that the relationships of some HPA variants to biomarker reactivity may vary between modest lab-based stressors and the explicit negative-evaluative induction used here.

Electrophysical cardiac remodeling at the molecular level: insights into Ryanodine Receptor activation and calcium-induced calcium release from a stochastic explicit-particle model

We present the first-ever, fully-discrete, stochastic model of triggered cardiac calcium dynamics. Using anatomically accurate subcellular cardiac myocyte geometries, we simulate the molecular players involved in calcium handling using high-resolution stochastic and explicit-particle methods at the level of an individual cardiac dyadic junction. Integrating data from multiple experimental sources, the model not only replicates the findings of traditional in silico studies and complements in vitro experimental data, but also reveals new insights into the molecular mechanisms driving cardiac dysfunction under stress and disease conditions. We improve upon older, non-discrete models using the same realistic geometry by incorporating molecular mechanisms for spontaneous, as well as triggered Calcium-Induced Calcium Release (CICR). Action potentials are used to activate L-type calcium channels (LTCCs), triggering CICR through Ryanodine receptors (RyR) on the surface of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. These improvements allow for the specific focus on the couplon: the structure-function relationship between LTCC and RyR. We investigate the electrophysical effects of normal and diseased action potentials on CICR and interrogate the effects of dyadic junction deformation through detubulation and orphaning of RyR. Our work demonstrates the importance of the electrophysical integrity of the CRU on CICR fidelity, giving insights into the molecular basis of heart disease. Finally, we provide a unique, detailed, molecular view of the CICR process using advanced rendering techniques. This easy-to-use model comes complete with tutorials and all necessary software for use and analysis so as to maximize usability and reproducibility. Our work focuses on quantifying, qualifying, and visualizing the behavior of the molecular species that underlie the function and dysfunction of subcellular cardiomyocyte systems.

Application of the Extension Strain Criterion for Sandstone Failure Evaluation under Tension and Shear Stress Conditions

Application of the Extension Strain Criterion for Sandstone Failure Evaluation under Tension and Shear Stress Conditions

Managing climate change impacts on crops: The influence of soil tillage on a triticale crop under water stress conditions

Managing climate change impacts on crops: The influence of soil tillage on a triticale crop under water stress conditions

Mechanisms and Implications of Phenotypic Switching in Bacterial Pathogens.

Bacteria encounter various stressful conditions within a variety of dynamic environments, which they must overcome for survival. One way they achieve this is by developing phenotypic heterogeneity to introduce diversity within their population. Such distinct subpopulations can arise through endogenous fluctuations in regulatory components, wherein bacteria can express diverse phenotypes and switch between them, sometimes in a heritable and reversible manner. This switching may also lead to antigenic variation, enabling pathogenic bacteria to evade the host immune response. Therefore, phenotypic heterogeneity plays a significant role in microbial pathogenesis, immune evasion, antibiotic resistance, host niche tissue establishment and environmental persistence. This heterogeneity can result from stochastic and responsive switches, as well as various genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. The development of phenotypic heterogeneity may create clonal populations that differ in their level of virulence, contribute to the formation of biofilms, and allow for antibiotic persistence within select morphological variants. This review delves into the current understanding of the molecular switching mechanisms underlying phenotypic heterogeneity, highlighting their roles in establishing infections caused by select bacterial pathogens.

Soybean gene GmMLP34 regulates Arabidopsis negative response to high temperature stress

The functions of major latex proteins (MLPs) in plant defense and stress responses have been widely documented; however, their roles in HT stress response in soybeans have not been elucidated. This study investigated the role of GmMLP34, a member of the major latex protein (MLP) family, in the response of soybeans to HT stress. Transcriptome analysis of HT-resistant (JD21) and HT-sensitive (HD14) soybean leaves under HT stress (43.40 ± 1.70 °C) and field conditions revealed differential expression of GmMLP34. Further examination across different HT-resistant varieties showed that GmMLP34 was down-regulated in the leaves of 6 HT-resistant varieties (85.7 %) and up-regulated in the leaves of 6 HT-sensitive varieties (85.7 %) under the HT treatment (45 °C for 3 h). The results of this study indicate that ectopic expression of the GmMLP34 gene in Arabidopsis led to a significant decrease in the survival rate of seedling when compared to the wild type (WT) under HT stress conditions of 37/28 °C (day/night) for 5 d, Moreover, the results indicated a significant decrease in primary root length and lateral root number under 45 °C/3 h HT stress followed by 12 h room temperature recovery. Additionally, the levels of abscisic acid (ABA), and flavonoids, and the activity of the peroxidase (POD) enzyme in the antioxidant system was decreased, while the activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme increased in GmMLP34-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. The expression levels of the HT-response genes AtCHS1 and AtCHI2-A, were significantly down-regulated, whereas that of AtGBP1 was significantly up-regulated. These results suggest that GmMLP34 negatively regulates the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to HT stress by modulating flavonoid synthesis, hormone synthesis, and the antioxidant enzyme system. These findings provide theoretical information for the genetic improvement of HT tolerance in soybean and contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to abiotic stress.

ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR6, A Central Regulator of Plant Growth in Response to Stress.

ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR6 (ERF6) has emerged as a central player in stress-induced plant growth inhibition. It orchestrates complex pathways that enable plants to acclimate and thrive in challenging environments. In response to various abiotic and biotic stresses, ERF6 is promptly activated through both ethylene-dependent and -independent pathways, and contributes to enhanced stress tolerance mechanisms by activating a broad spectrum of genes at various developmental stages. Despite the crucial role of ERF6, there is currently a lack of published comprehensive insights into its function in plant growth and stress response. In this respect, based on the tight connection between ethylene and ERF6, we review the latest research findings on how ethylene regulates stress responses and the mechanisms involved. In addition, we summarize the trends and advances in ERF6-mediated plant performance under optimal and stressful conditions. Finally, we also highlight key questions and suggest potential paths to unravel the ERF6 regulon in future research.

An analytical solution to ground stresses induced by tunneling considering ground surface boundary conditions and gravity

Accurately predicting the stress distribution around the tunnel is crucial for designing safe and economical support systems. The stress distribution is closely related to the ground stress release induced by tunneling, as well as the initial gravity stress and boundary conditions. In this study, a two-dimensional analytical model considering the ground surface boundary conditions and gravity is presented to investigate the stress field around the tunnel. Then, a numerical model was developed to validate the proposed analytical model. Finally, parametric analyses were conducted, and the limitations of the load calculation method of the code for design of shield tunnel in China were discussed. The results indicate that: (a) Tunnel excavation induces stress redistribution in the soil, resulting in a soil arching effect around the tunnel. This arching effect causes nonlinear load changes around the tunnel. (b) The soil mass around the tunnel can be divided into undisturbed and disturbed zones. Above the tunnel, the disturbance range is C-2D(C and D represent the burial depth and the tunnel diameter), while below and on both sides of the tunnel, the disturbance ranges are 4D and 1.5D, respectively. (c) Once the stress release rate reaches 0.6, a combined arching effect zone, consisting of both major and minor principal stresses, is formed in the disturbance zone above and below the tunnel. (d) The load distribution pattern calculated by the code for design of shield tunnel in China is gourd-shaped, and this calculation method is insufficient for accurately evaluating the load around the tunnel. The research results can provide a reference for the design of the shield tunnel.

Research on the evolution law and control technology of deviatoric stress in the surrounding rock of gob-side entry retaining

Gob-side entry retaining (GER) play a crucial role in enhancing coal recovery, improving roadway stress conditions, and ensuring safe and efficient mining operations. This study focuses on investigating the stability characteristics of surrounding rock using flexible formwork concrete (FFC) along the headgate of 3405 panel. According to the fracture pattern of roof, a mechanical model of GER was developed. This study derived expressions for the support resistance of the filling body and determined its optimal bearing capacity. A FLAC3D numerical model was employed to simulate the GER process, segmented into early, middle, and late stages. Simulation results demonstrate a progression in peak deviatoric stress and extent of plastic zones in the surrounding rock. This evolution includes an initial minor increase (early stage), followed by rapid escalation (middle stage), and eventual stabilization (late stage). The middle stage emerges as critical, characterized by pronounced mining-induced stress effects on the roof. During this phase, significant changes are observed in deviatoric stress curves, with plastic zones rapidly migrating deeper into the rock mass. Practical implementation of the findings revealed a maximum deformation of the filling body of only 198 mm, affirming the feasibility of employing FFC in GER. This research provides valuable insights into managing stability concerns in GER thereby enhancing safety and operational efficiency in coal mining under similar conditions.

Experimental study on mechanical and acoustic emission characteristics of red sandstone containing combined flaws of hole-fissure under biaxial compression

To investigate the mechanical behaviour and failure mechanism of flawed rock masses under biaxial stress conditions, a series of biaxial compression experiments are conducted on red sandstone specimens containing combined flaws of the circular hole and perforated symmetric fissure combined with acoustic emission (AE) technology in this work. The results show a close association between the stress-strain curve morphology and confining stress, both the biaxial compression strength and elastic modulus exhibit an upward trend with increasing fissure angle and confining stress. The maximum AE energy and cumulative AE energy both increase with higher confining stress. The crack types in the specimens are identified by analyzing the AF/RA value distribution, revealing a gradual decrease in the percentage of tensile cracks with increasing fissure angle. An AE localization algorithm based on the least absolute value method is applied to pinpoint AE events during biaxial compression, and AE events distribution is analyzed through the Kernel density estimation (KDE). The crack extension behaviour is described based on the movement of the maximum kernel density points, which initially exhibits a progression from both ends of the specimen towards the central region and subsequently from the central fissure tip towards the two ends.

B-028 Result Precision on the New cobas pro integrated solutions cobas ISE neo and cobas c 703 Analytical Units Under Routine-Like Conditions Across Two Sites in Europe

Abstract Background The precision of the new cobas® pro integrated solutions cobas® ISE neo and cobas c 703 analytical units (Roche Diagnostics International Ltd, Rotkreuz, Switzerland) was measured under intended use conditions in a routine simulation setting. Methods The interaction of hardware, software, assays, and samples was tested at two sites (Aalst, Belgium and Heidelberg, Germany) between October and December 2023. Reproducibility under various stressed routine-like conditions, including provocations, was tested using routine simulation imprecision experiments. To test the interaction of new and existing analytical units under routine conditions, test configurations including commercially available cobas c 503 and cobas e 801 analytical units were used. The first configuration comprised one cobas ISE neo analytical unit, two cobas c 703 analytical units, and one cobas e 801 analytical unit. The second configuration comprised one cobas ISE neo analytical unit, one cobas c 703 analytical unit, one cobas c 503 analytical unit, and one cobas e 801 analytical unit. The precision of batch type measurements was compared with the precision under routine simulated random access conditions. Random access coefficients of variance (CVs) that exceeded 1.5× reference batch CVs, or single measurements deviating by &amp;gt;10% from the batch mean, triggered in-depth analysis of the system components that contributed to the result. Results Overall, 56 applications were measured during the reference and random parts of seven routine simulation imprecision runs: six ion selective electrodes (ISE; three serum, three urine), 35 clinical chemistry applications on cobas c 703 (27 serum, eight urine), seven clinical chemistry applications on cobas c 503 (five serum, one urine, one whole blood) and eight immunochemistry (serum) applications. Of six ISE (serum and urine) applications, the mean reference and random CVs were 0.8% and 0.9%, respectively. Of 42 clinical chemistry (serum, urine, and whole blood) applications, the mean reference CV was 0.9% and the mean random CV was 1.0%. Of eight immunochemistry (serum only) applications, mean reference and random CVs were 1.1% and 1.4%, respectively. Conclusions The findings from this study demonstrate that the new cobas ISE neo and cobas c 703 analytical units show consistent results over a prolonged time period, with most CVs in this setting below 0.9%. These results also show the successful integration of the new analytical units into the cobas pro integrated solutions, with seamless interaction of existing and analytical units under stressed conditions.

Effects of Dietary Agavin on the Gut Microbiota of the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Reared at High Densities.

High-density stress can lead to dysbiotic microbiota, affecting the organism's metabolic, and protective functions. Agavin is a fructan with prebiotic properties that regulate the gut microbiota by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria. This study evaluated the effect of agavin on the gut microbiota using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and its correlation with the growth parameters. Four groups of fish were fed different diets: a control diet (negative and positive control), without agavin supplementation, and two experimental diets supplemented with agavin at 20gkg-1 and 40gkg-1. Nile tilapias (1.04g ± 0.01g) were fed for 110days. After 90days of feeding, fish were subjected to high-density stress (63kgm-3) for 20days, except for the negative control. NGS detected 1579 different operational taxonomic units in the samples. In the correlation analysis of growth parameters, the families Vibrionaceae and Methyloligillaceae showed a positive correlation with fish growth parameters, these results may serve to know the relation of agavin and microbiota on the growth performance, as well as the metabolic activities of families in tilapia. Furthermore, high-density stress and agavin supplementation modify the gut microbiota in tilapia. At a low-density, supplementation with 20gkg-1 agavin promoted the growth of the potentially beneficial families Sphingomonadaceae, Oxalobacteriaceae, and Chitinophagaceae; at high densities, reduced the abundance of pathogenic families (Vibrionaceae and Aeromonadaceae). These results suggest that, under stress conditions, agavin can stimulate the growth of potentially beneficial bacteria and reduce the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria, suggesting its potential use as a prebiotic in aquaculture.

Potassium supply for improvement of cereals growth under drought: A review

AbstractPotassium (K) is an essential macronutrient that determines crop productivity and promotes crop growth under conditions of abiotic stress. In this review paper, peer‐reviewed publications (experimental data) dealing with the role of K administration in the control of cereals growth under drought stress are reviewed and analyzed. Most published research on the impact of K administration on cereals growth under drought focuses primarily on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.), along with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). The beneficial effect of K on cereals growth under drought has been related to maintenance of water balance in the crops, increased activity of the antioxidant enzymes, increased synthesis of osmolytes, contribution to a low sodium (Na)/K ratio, extension of the grain filling period, and increase of the grain growth rate and weight. Moreover, K was suggested as a possible way for enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (e.g., bread wheat and sorghum). Nevertheless, the beneficial effect of foliar applied K in dried soil during grain filling differed among bread wheat cultivars, highlighting that the effect of K supply on grain weight may differ depending on application method, that is, administration through the soil or the foliage. Overall, K supply could be exploited as a tool for increasing cereal tolerance to drought, for example, by considering late administration of K through top dressing applications or foliar sprayings. Yet additional information is needed on the rate and the K form, along with the most suitable growth stage for application. Such information could help agronomists develop strategies for high‐quality cereal production in stressful environments.

Potential benefits of advanced chelate-based trace minerals in improving bone mineralization, antioxidant status, immunity, and gene expression modulation in heat-stressed broilers.

Organic sources of trace minerals (TM) in broiler diets are more bioavailable and stable than inorganic sources, making them particularly beneficial during challenging periods such as heat stress (HS) conditions. A 42-d study investigated the effects of using advanced chelate technology-based TM (ACTM) or adding varying amounts of ACTM to broiler diets during HS conditions. The study involved 672 male broiler chickens in 7 treatment groups, including a thermoneutral control (TNC) group and six HS treatments. There were 8 replicate pens per treatment and 12 birds per replicate. The six HS treatments included birds exposed to a cyclic HS environment (34°C) for 8 h and were as follows: HSC, which consisted of the same basal diet with the recommended ITM levels; ACTM50 and ACTM100, which replaced the basal diet with 50% and 100% ACTM instead of ITM; ITM+ACTM12.5 and ITM+ACTM25, which involved adding extra ACTM to the ITM basal diet at 12.5% and 25%, respectively; and ITM125, which used 125% of the recommended levels of ITM in the basal diet. Compared with the HSC treatment, the TNC, ACTM100, and ITM+ACTM25 treatments resulted in increased (P < 0.05) body weight; tibia weight; tibia ash, phosphorus, iron, and manganese contents; secondary antibody titers; and serum TAC and SOD values but decreased (P < 0.05) serum MDA concentrations and the expression levels of the hepatic genes IL-1β, IL-6, and INF-γ. The TNC and ACTM100 groups also showed greater (P < 0.05) feed efficiency, tibia length, tibia zinc content, and hepatic SOD1 expression but exhibited reduced (P < 0.05) hepatic NF-kB expression. Significant increases (P < 0.05) in primary anti-NDV titers, serum GPx1 activity, and Nrf2 and GPx1 gene expression levels were also detected in the ACTM100, ITM+ACTM12.5, and ITM+ACTM25 groups. In conclusion, the findings suggest that replacing ITM with ACTM or adding ACTM to ITM diets, especially at a 25% higher dose, can effectively protect broilers from heat stress by promoting growth, reducing inflammation, and increasing the expression of antioxidant proteins.

B-027 CLSI-Based Result Precision on the cobas ISE neo and cobas c 703 Analytical Units Across Two Sites in Europe

Abstract Background Novel cobas® pro integrated solutions analytical units, the cobas® ISE neo and cobas c 703 analytical units (all Roche Diagnostics International Ltd, Rotkreuz, Switzerland), were assessed at two sites in Europe (Aalst, Belgium and Heidelberg, Germany). During the system design validation, precision was evaluated under intended use conditions in a routine simulation setting. Methods Quality control (QC) materials at two analyte concentrations were measured per site for selected assays (ion selective electrodes [ISEs], general chemistries and specific proteins, and immunochemistry assays); analyte recovery per QC was closely monitored. Precision was evaluated at both study sites based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute EP05-A3 guidelines over 21 days for 53 applications representing the entire assay menu: six ISE serum/plasma and urine applications; 40 clinical chemistry serum/plasma and urine applications (four were measured using cobas c 503 at one site only); and seven immunochemistry serum/plasma applications. Reproducibility under various stressed routine-like conditions, including provocations, was tested using routine simulation imprecision experiments. To test the interaction of new and existing analytical units under routine conditions, two test configurations were used: the first configuration comprised one cobas ISE neo, two cobas c 703, and one cobas e 801 analytical units; and the second configuration comprised one cobas ISE neo, one cobas c 703, one cobas c 503, and one cobas e 801 analytical units. The precision of batch type measurements was compared with the precision under routine simulated random access conditions. Random access coefficients of variance (CVs) that exceeded 1.5× reference batch CVs, or single measurements deviating by &amp;gt;10% from the batch mean, triggered in-depth analysis of the system components that contributed to the result. CVs for intermediate precision comprised measurements from ≤4 cobas c 703 reagent disks, dependent on the system set-up and application assignment. CVs for reproducibility were calculated across four ISE measuring units, ≤3 cobas c 703 reagent disks, or ≤4 cobas e 801 measuring cells. Results Using four analytical units, n=511 CVs for repeatability, intermediate precision, and reproducibility were calculated. For repeatability, the median CV for ISE (n=24) was 0.8%, for clinical chemistry (cobas c 703: n=146; cobas c 503: n=8) was 0.9%, and for immunochemistry (n=28) was 1.0%. For intermediate precision, the median CV for ISE (n=24) was 1.1%, for clinical chemistry (cobas c 703: n=146; cobas c 503: n=8) was 1.2%, and for immunochemistry (n=28) was 1.5%. For reproducibility, the median CV for ISE (n=12) was 0.9%, for clinical chemistry (cobas c 703: n=73) was 1.6%, and for immunochemistry (n=14) was 1.7%. Conclusions The novel cobas ISE neo and cobas c 703 analytical units demonstrated robust precision, comparable to the existing cobas pro integrated solutions analytical units, over a prolonged period.

Investigation of pitting corrosion of 304L stainless steel in algerian manufacturing

Stainless steel structures are subjected to gradual deterioration of their fundamental qualities when subjected to both mechanical stress and harsh conditions. The objective of this work is to examine the influence of tension-induced cold deformation on the localized roughness corrosion of 304L steel in a 3% NaCl solution, which mimics the conditions of saltwater. The samples underwent corrosion testing using standardized and deformed tensile specimens of algerian industrial manufacturing at different deformation rates: 2.18%, 3.63%, 10.90%, and 16.36%. The results, which encompassed corrosion susceptibility, pitting tendencies, and repassivation potentials, were compared and examined in relation to the deformation rate. The findings suggest that when the deformation rates increase, all of these potentials decrease, except for the roughness potential, which shows a considerable decrease. This decline indicates a reduction in the material's ability to resist corrosion. The main reasons why stainless-steel samples exposed to the phenomenon of corroded pits fail in Algerian industrial manufacturing are directly related to their resistance and strength characteristics, which in turn affect the mechanical behavior of 304L steel and its electrochemical behavior in aggressive solutions.