Condition Of Mangrove Ecosystem Research Articles

Assessment of spatio-temporal dynamics of mangrove forest in Teluk Pangpang, Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Hidayah Z, Rachman HA, Wiyanto DB. 2024. Assessment of spatio-temporal dynamics of mangrove forest in Teluk Pangpang, Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3138-3150. Mangrove forest in Teluk Pangpang, Banyuwangi District, East Java, Indonesia is located in a semi-enclosed bay area on the east coast of Java Island and bordering with Bali Strait. Since 2020, this location has been designated as an Essential Ecosystem Area (EEA) by the Indonesia Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Regardless of its designation as an EEA, information on vegetation stucture and spatio-temporal changes of Teluk Pangpang’s mangrove forest is limited. The availability of multi-temporal medium to high-resolution satellite imagery data enables researchers to monitor the condition of mangrove ecosystem using long-term data and reliable spatial continuity. The objective of this study is to investigate vegetation community structure of mangrove forest in Teluk Pangpang, as well as to determine the changes in extent and condition of mangrove forest measured as Mangrove Health Index (MHI) between 2015 and 2023 using remote sensing and GIS analysis. Spatio-temporal dynamics of MHI was determined using Sentinel-2 imagery data from 2015, 2018 and 2023. Meanwhile, a series of extensive survey in 15 transects with a total of 75 plots were conducted to obtain field data. The results showed that Rhizophora apiculata Blume and R. mucronata Lam. were the most important species with Important Value Index (IVI) of 140.91 and 148.24, respectively. Meanwhile, Sentinel-2 image processing results revealed a major increase in mangrove’s area, from 643.35 ha in 2015 to 737.51 ha in 2023. Furthermore, MHI analysis indicated improving conditions of mangrove ecosystem, as evidenced by the significant increased of mangroves area at the excellent MHI category (MHI>66.8) from 11.00 ha in 2015 to 175.86 ha in 2023. Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) several environmental parameters were strongly correlated to MHI including salinity, DO, TSS and mangrove’s diversity index. The findings of this study, primarily the application of MHI approach, may provide an alternative strategy for monitoring the dynamics of vegetation cover of mangrove forest in Teluk Pangpang and other mangrove areas in Indonesia.

Mangrove Community Structure in Pematang Sei Baru Village, Tanjung Balai District, Asahan Regency

Coastal and marine areas are an integrated ecosystem and are interconnected with each other, so they have a mutual correlation. In a coastal ecosystem, there is an exchange of matter and energy that takes place in the system and with other external system components. Based on the importance of the role of mangrove ecosystems in a body of water and the lack of information about the structure of mangrove communities in Pematang Sei Baru Village, Tanjung Balai District, Asahan Regency, North Sumatra, this research is important to be carried out to determine the condition of mangrove ecosystems and can provide understanding to the community about the importance of ecosystems for coastal areas. The data analysis used in this study is both descriptive and quantitative. The data analysis used includes diversity and uniformity index, dominance, mangrove community structure, and canopy cover. The highest diversity in trees is found at station 3, with a value of 2.20, and the lowest, with a value of 2.12, at station 2. The highest uniformity in trees is found at station 2, with a value of 0.96, and the lowest at station 5, with a value of 0.93. The highest dominance value was in Rhizophora mucronata with a value of 15.75%, Xylocarpus granatum with a value of 11.51%, and Bruguiera cylindrical type with a value of 10.73%. 1 highest INP value is the type of Rhizophora mucronata with a value of 55.79% and canopy cover in the medium category. Based on the results of observations made at the location of this study, there are many remnants of logging carried out by the surrounding community, which, if left unchecked, will lead to reduced land, which will greatly affect the ecosystem in it. Therefore, the role of the government is expected in conducting supervision in this area.

Determination of Health Index Classification and Management Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems Using a Combination of Fuzzy and ISM Methods

The area of mangrove forests in Indonesia in 2021, according to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, is around 3,364,080 Ha; this amount is equivalent to 23% of the world’s mangrove ecosystem, which is from a total of 16,530,000 Ha (FAO, 2005). Information on the condition of mangrove ecosystems is important to know whether or not an area is good. Studies related to the condition of mangrove ecosystems based on environmental quality and mangrove health index to determine the environmental quality and mangrove health are needed for ecosystem management in the future. This article describes the health parameters of mangrove ecosystems that will be analyzed with the help of a combination of decision support software such as fuzzy and ISM so that priority mangrove ecosystem locations can be determined, mangrove health index values to determine the health status of mangrove ecosystems and determine alternative sustainable mangrove ecosystem management policies that will be applied to the object of study. In addition, the study also discusses the concept of determining standard criteria for the level of damage to mangrove ecosystems and determining the status of mangrove ecosystems. Based on fuzzy logic, data analysis shows that the output of the Mangrove Health Index can be determined with 3 variables and 27 rules, with key factors in Mangrove Density, Canopy Cover and Number of saplings. The results of ISM show that management institutions that must be actively involved in supporting the success of sustainable mangrove forest ecosystem management in Batam City are KLHK, DLHK Riau Islands Province, and BPDAS Sei Jang Duriangkang. Proper handling of constraints and management institutions that are actively involved in mangrove forest ecosystem management will ultimately encourage budget effectiveness and efficiency to meet the main goal, namely sustainable mangrove forest ecosystem management in Batam City.

MANGROVE PLANTING TRAINING IN KAMPOENG KEPITING TUBAN VILLAGE, KUTA SUB-DISTRICT, BADUNG DISTRICT, BALI

Tuban Village is one of the villages in Badung Regency that has the potential of coastal areas that are utilized by the community for various purposes. The high utilization of coastal areas has led to the conversion of mangrove land for various purposes, resulting in damage in the form of abrasion in several places, pollution due to industrial activities, households and aquaculture activities. Therefore, mangrove forest rehabilitation program is considered as one of the important recommendations in order to restore the condition of mangrove ecosystem in this region. The training consisted of a group of Nature Lovers Students (Mapala) which included the provision of training and socialization in the field on the introduction of mangrove tree species and characteristics and mangrove tree planting techniques in theory and application of the theory that has been obtained in the form of collecting and processing mangrove trees to be used as seeds and planting practices. The results of the training showed that all participants understood the material presented. This can be seen from the way participants apply the theory obtained by direct practice in the field.

Analysis of physical, chemical and condition of mangrove ecosystems for development of mandrove crab cultivation (Scylla serrata, Forskal)

The aims of this research are; (1) analyzing the physical and chemical characteristics of coastal waters in mangrove forest areas for the development of crab cultivation businesses (2) Assessing the condition of mangrove forest ecosystems, (3) testing prototypes of technology for crab cultivation businesses in mangrove forest areas. The benefit of the results of this research is to determine the feasibility of crab cultivation based on the biophysical and chemical characteristics of the coastal waters of the mangrove area, so that the cultivation business can be sustainable. To achieve this, a field survey was carried out by collecting primary and secondary data. Primary data includes physical and chemical parameters as well as mangrove forest conditions. The results of observations of the condition of the mangrove area, for the Important Index Value (INP) of mangroves, Rhizopora, sp sampling I (191.23), sampling II (181.72), sampling III (205.07), this shows that in sampling III for The Rhizopora sp type has a greater role in maintaining the sustainability of the ecosystem. For the dominance index value, the value for the entire station is 0.02 – 0.03. This shows that there is no species that dominates other species or the community is in a stable condition. Meanwhile, the species diversity index value in the entire sampling area has low species diversity, namely 0 < H < 2. The results of physical observations of waters, the results of tidal data processing using the Admiralty method show that the mean sea level (MSL) is 200.41 cm, The lowest low sea level (LLWL) is 112.86 cm and the highest high sea level (HHWL) is 279.41 cm, the tidal range (range) is 166.36 cm. From the value of the Formzahl number (F value = 1.89) it can be concluded that the type of tide around the observation location is a mixed tidal type that tends to be single daily. The results of observations of water salinity parameters at the research location ranged from 25.0 - 27.1 ‰ with an average value of average 26.0 5 ‰, pH, nitrite (NO2), nitrate (NO3) and phosphate (PO4) in water. The average pH value of 6.90, the average nitrite content value of 0.020, the average nitrate content value of 0.236 and the average phosphate content of 0.145 indicate good water quality for mariculture purposes, and also indicate the condition of the waters that have not been polluted.

Ecological risk of coastal ecosystem: A perspective of mangrove ecological sensitivity in small islands, case in Anambas Archipelago District at Natuna Sea

The ecosystem sensitivity in the coastal and small islands is dependent on the vulnerability and resilience level of that ecosystem. Mangroves are one of the primary ecosystems in coastal areas, also high vulnerability and sensitivity due to natural factors such as waves, pollution, and due to the impact of human activities. Based on this reason, the study of vulnerability and sensitivity was needed for mitigation plans and other actions in reducing the risk due to the pressure by a coastal manager. This study was carried out around small islands in Anambas District, especially in Matak Island. The results showed that the level of mangrove vulnerability was relatively high at all locations; the condition of the ecological status was classified as moderate. The status of the social and economic index was classified as medium to high vulnerably. The assessment of the sensitivity level, known as the condition of mangrove ecosystems, is moderate to very sensitive. The areas with the highest sensitivity level are Peninting and Ayerbadong. The high sensitivity in both locations is due to the influence of the economic index, which indicates that the region is economically sensitive and potentially vulnerable.

Kajian Pustaka Asesmen Status Kondisi Ekosistem Mangrove

The mangrove area of the world has been decreasing and Indonesia has lost 1.6 million ha of mangrove during the period 1980-2005. In 2015 the status of Indonesia's mangroves was 3.5 million ha with 48% in good condition and 52% in degraded conditions. Therefore, mangrove forests should be conserved properly and utilized sustainably. Assessment of the status of mangrove conditions is essential in conservation planning and management so that it can be done better. However, the method for assessing the condition of mangrove forests is still diverse and has not been standardized, so a literature review and review of how to assess the condition of mangrove ecosystems from various literature needs to be done. The results of the study of various literatures, in general there are two types of assessments. The first assessment used canopy density indicators, tree density, structure and composition of vegetation including diversity index and environmental parameters which are used singly or a combination of some or all parameters and some that be correlated with ecological integrity. For the second assessment, using a comparison between the existing mangrove forest and the potential area to be overgrown with mangroves. There is a difference when assessing the potential area, there is the opinion of the area potentially seen by the status of the area whether or not the forest area, from the landsystem, the level of abrasion, pond area and the comparison of the coastline length overgrown with mangrove with a total coastline length. Both assessments with each indicator can be used in accordance with the objectives of the assessment of the condition.

Condition of Mangrove Ecosystems in Sungai Apit Siak Distric Based on Standard Damage Criteria and Quality Indicators Mangrove Environment

Mangroves are one of the ecosystems in coastal areas that have an important role, but nowadays many are experiencing threats. The purpose of this study was to determine the condition of mangrove ecosystems in Kecamatan Sungai Apit seen from standard criteria for mangrove damage and the indicators of mangrove environmental quality (species association, tree cover, seedling cover and number of seedlings species). This research was conducted in April 2018 in Kecamatan Sungai Apit, Siak Distric. The method used in this research was survey method. Types and density of mangroves were observed at three stations (Desa Lalang, Desa Bunsur and Desa Sungai Rawa) using line transects and plots. The results showed that the condition of the mangrove ecosystem in the coastal area of Kecamatan Sungai Apit based on the standard criteria of damage (Minister of Environment No. 201 of 2004), seen from the group of trees classified as damaged to good with rare to dense criteria, but when combined with a group of sapling, the conditions mangroves in Kecamatan Sungai Apit were classified as good with very dense criteria. Mangrove conditions based on indicators of mangrove environmental quality in the three stations included in the category of high environmental conditions with successively Qe values (mangrove environmental conditions) were 67.96% (Desa’Lalang), 64.37% (Desa Bunsur) and 84.68% (Desa Sungai Rawa).

Mangrove management strategy to support fisheries in Mangunharjo Village, Semarang City

Mangrove ecosystems have unique characteristics and forms and have functions and benefits as a development resource both as an economic resource and an ecological resource that has long been felt by the people who live around the coastal area. In the last few years, mangrove ecosystems in Mangunharjo Urban Village have been continuously under pressure due to human activities. The main factors causing mangrove damage, namely: (1) Pollution, (2) Conversion of mangrove ecosystems into ponds and (3) Excessive logging. Mangunharjo Village has brackish water fishery potential by having a pond area of ± 10.45 hectares. The research method used in this research is to use a descriptive research method. The data collection technique used is the study of literature. The results showed that the condition of mangrove ecosystems in Mangunharjo Subdistrict decreased from 1990 to 1995 by 50%, but began to increase again in 2002 to 2015 by 18.42%. Mangrove species found in this study were Rhizophora sp, Avicennia sp, Xylocarpus sp and Bruguiera sp. Mangunharjo mangrove ecosystem has the highest density of mangrove species, namely Avicennia sp. As for the results of the analysis of the extent of mangrove ecosystems on the coast of Mangunharjo with the results of fisheries production, it shows that during the period before abrasion the farmer's income was IDR 1,000,000.00 / day these conditions continue to decline to IDR 100,000.00 to IDR 30,000.00 / day until early in 2000.

The Shift of Mangrove Ecosystem Coverage Based on its Health Condition in the Coastal Area of Semarang and Demak Central Java Indonesia

The condition of mangrove ecosystem is fluctuated due to the various such as the environmental support, replanting, maintenance, natural distrubance and anthropogenic effects. This research aimed do understand the change of mangrove coverage between 2011 and 2016 in Semarang and Demak and analyze the change of mangrove proportions based on the damage level. The research was conducted in October 2017 through literature study to obtain information of the condition os mangrove ecosystem in Semarang city and Demak Regency in 2011 and 2016. Data analysis was conducted with Chi-square test to understand the change of coverage proportion based on the degradation level. The result show that the mangrove coverage of Demak Regency was increased from 3.950 ha in 2011 - 4.595 ha in 2016 while the coverage in Semarang City was static with 325 ha. Increased mangrove coverage was occured in Demak and Semarang both for the good and poor condition of mangrove. Contrarily, the coverage of mangrove with moderate condition was reduced. Statistically, the proportions of mangrove conditions were significantly different. Mangrove coverage in Demak and Semarang should be improved to recover the mangrove ecosystem which has been destructed.

ASSESSMENT OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM POTENCY AND ITS UTILIZATION IN DOMPU REGENCY COASTAL WATERS, WEST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE USING SATELLITE IMAGERY APPLICATION

Mangrove forests are tropical coastal vegetation communities, which has the ability to grow in coastal area with tidal and muddy environment. Several functions of mangrove forest such as ecological functions can be used for coastal protection, trapping sediment and strengthen the coastal ecosystems. Coastal waters in Dompu Regency, West Nusa Tenggara have natural mangrove ecosystem with a huge potency and advantages to the region. This study aimed to understand the condition of mangrove ecosystem based on satellite image analysis of Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) in 2014 and assess the potency, information related to the utilization by community. Data collection in this study were combined from satellite imagery interpretation with interview and questionnaires. The results showed that the mangrove forest extent in Dompu Regency Coastal Waters were about 90,631 ha with uniformity index 0.68 (medium uniformity). Two mangrove species were found in the region namely Rhizopora stylosa and Rhizopora apiculata and used by the community for several purposes such as firewood, natural coastal protection from tidal, waves and abrasion, also for crabs and fish spawning ground.

Population Density and Habitat Characteristics of Nipa Fruticans in Degraded Mangrove Ecosystem (Case Study in Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan)

<p>Mahakam Delta is one of the largest mangrove ecosystem areas in East Kalimantan, which is dominated by nipa (<em>Nypa fruticans</em>). This paper investigates the population density of nipa and measures habitat characteristics in the area, which represents the condition of mangrove ecosystem that has received heavy pressures as a result of the increase in human activities.A total of 30 plots, size of 100m<sup>2</sup> each plot, were sampled from six locations in the study site. In each plot, the number of individual, stalk, leaves, fruit and flower of nipa was recorded. Nipa zone adjacent to active ponds area had the density of 106 individual/ha with 913 stalks ha<sup>-1</sup>. The leaf density was 336 leaves ha<sup>-1</sup>, fruit density was 12 fruits ha<sup>-1</sup> and flower density was 12 flowers/ha. Furthermore, nipa density in locations faraway from active ponds area was 74 individual/ha with 861 stalks/ha. While the leaf density was 239 leaves/ha, fruit density in this area was 2 fruits/ha and flower density was 9 flowers/ha. Result also showed that nipa habitat in study site is characterized by high turbidity and low salinity. Among other parameters, tidal level has strongest correlation to nipa population density. This study can also be considered as a preliminary assessment to develop mangrove ecosystem rehabilitation action plans in Mahakam Delta and to consider the potential use of nipa as an alternative source of livelihood for local communities living in the vicinity of the Mahakam Delta area.</p>

Degradation of Mangrove Ecosystem in Karimunjawa Island Based on Public Perception and Management

The condition of mangrove ecosystem in Karimunjawa island was thought in degraded condition, arisen the questions concerning its possible causes. This research aimed to study the perception of the society concerning the degradation of mangrove ecosystem in Karimunjawa island, its causes, as well as to formulate the management solution to support its sustainability. The research was conducted in August 2017 and March 2018 in Karimunjawa island. Data was collected by questionnaire involving local society as the respondents. Respondents were questionned about the causes of mangrove degradation in Karimunjawa Island. The result showed that 59.40% of the respondents agreed that mangrove ecosystem in Karimunjawa island is degraded. The presented data showed the level of agreement of the respondents concerning the mentioned causing factors of mangrove degradation, including fishing activities (48.12%), mangrove logging (59.40%), increasing population (60.90%), development of aquaculture facilities (48.87%), development of ponds (61.65%), aquaculture activities (51.13%), and development of tourism facilities (39.10%). Analysis of correlation between the mangrove related activities and the degradation of mangrove ecosystem showed weak relations, where the coefficient of correlations was less than 50%. The awareness of the local community and the tourist to the condition of mangrove ecosystem was poor. However, the tourist has better interest to participate in the mangrove conservation activity. In order to maintain the sustainability of mangrove ecosystem, integrated management of mangrove through eco-tourism activity should be considered.

The structure of the Meiozoobenthos community and its contribution to demersal fishery in mangrove forest ecosystem in Banyuwedang Bay, Buleleng, Bali

Meiozoobenthos are small animals of less than 1.0 millimeter in length that live in mud substrate. Meanwhile, demersal fish that live in the seabed is one of the predatory groups that allegedly exploit the existence of meiozoobenthos by preying on them. Some interesting issues to be studied are the ecological aspects of meiozoobenthos, especially meiozoobenthos community structures and their contribution to the existence of demersal fish. To answer this problem, field research has been conducted by taking a location in the mangrove ecosystem in Banyuwedang Bay. In this study, the researcher collected biotic and abiotic data, taken on 20 sample points spread over 4 (four) sub locations. The collected data is then analyzed by quantitative and qualitative descriptive approach. The results of this research are: (a) the diversity of meiozoobenhos communities in Banyuwedang Bay is high with the number of species of 53 species and diversity index of 3.78, (b) the diversity of demersal fish in Banyuwedang Bay is moderate with the number of species as many as 13 species with diversity index of 2.50, (c) meiozoobenthos community contributes greatly to the presence of demersal fish in Banyuwedang Bay through meiozoobenthos’s role as the food for demersal fish, and (d) ecologically, the condition of mangrove ecosystem in Banyuwedang Bay is quite feasible as a place to develop a demersal fishery.

Important Value of Economic Potency Mangrove Using NDVI Satellite High Resolution Image To Support Eco Tourism Of Pamurbaya Area (Case Study: East Cost of Surabaya)

Indonesia is a vast maritime country; many mangrove conservations is found around coastal areas of Indonesia. Mangroves support the life of a large number of animal species by providing breeding, spawning and feeding. Mangrove forests as one of the unique ecosystems are potential natural resources, supporting the diversity of flora and fauna of terrestrial aquatic communities that directly or indirectly play an important role for human life in economic, social and environmental terms. East Coast Surabaya is an area with the most extensive and diverse mangrove ecosystems along the coast of Surabaya. Currently Pamurbaya used as a recreational object or nature tourism called eco tours. Utilization of mangrove ecosystem as a place of this eco tour bring positive impact on economic potency around pamurbaya area. So, to know the value of the economic potential of mangrove ecosystems for support of nature tourism Pamurbaya region needs to study mapping mangrove ecosystem conditions in the East Coast area of Surabaya. Mapping of mangrove conditions can use remote sensing technology by utilizing satellite image data with high resolution. Data used for mapping mangrove ecosystem conditions on the east coast of Surabaya are high resolution satellite image data of Pleiades 1A and field observation data such as Ground Control Point, soil spectral parameters and water quality. From satellite image data will be classification of mangrove vegetation canopy classification using NDVI vegetation index method using algorithm formula which then will be tested correlation with field observation data on reflectant value of field and water quality parameter. The purpose of this research is to know the condition of mangrove ecosystem to know the economic potential of mangrove ecosystem in supporting Pamurbaya nature tourism. The expected result of this research is the existence of basic geospatial information in the form of mangrove ecosystem condition map. So that can be used as decision makers to find out how big economic potential of mangrove ecosystem in supporting nature tourism Pamurbaya beside that can be used as reference research related mapping, conservation and development of mangrove ecosystem.

KERUSAKAN EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DI KECAMATAN UJUNG PANGKAH KABUPATEN GRESIK PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR Degradation of Mangrove Ecosystem in Ujung Pangkah Subdistrict Gresik District East Java Province

The mangrove ecosystem in Ujung Pangkah Sub-district Gresik District has an important role in living life in the delta of Bengawan Solo River. The existence of mangrove ecosystem in this sub-district is threatened by land conversion activity, especially land conversion of mangrove forest to fishpond. In addition, sedimentation activities in the Solo River led to the formation of new land in the mouth of the river that formed the mudflat. This location is an important habitat for flora and fauna. The existence of mangrove forests and emerging lands is threatened by land conversion activities into ponds. The degradation condition of mangrove ecosystem in this research is coastal change in the form of abrasion and reduction of mangrove forest area determined by spatial approach with Geographic Information System application and remote sensing. Damage to mangrove ecosystem in the period 2006 to 2016 in the form of abrasion is 177.64 hectares, while the reduction of mangrove forest area in the same period of 101.70 hectares.Key words: Geographic Information System, remote sensing, Gresik, Bengawan Solo River

EVALUASI PENGELOLAAN EKOSISTEM MANGROVE PADA DAERAH PERLINDUNGAN LAUT DI DESA BLONGKO, KECAMATAN SINONSAYANG KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA

ABSTRACT
 Mangrove ecosystem in Blongko village has many functions for coastal area. The aims of this research was to describe potential and the existing condition of mangrove ecosystem and also to give directive policy strategic for conservation mangrove ecosystem in this area. This research used primary and secondary data. Primary data was gathered by field observation and in-depth interview with 100 respondens by questionnary. Secondary data was gathered by unravel various literature and related institution. The development indicators was used to determine the policy strategic of sustainable mangrove ecosystem. Its was threat, factor, and constraint causing degradation mangrove ecosystem. This research got three policy strategy to carry on of sustainable mangrove ecosystem. Its was increase of human resources quality, protection and continuation of mangrove ecosystem, and low and institution reinforcement. This strategy was expected to depress degradation in mangrove ecosystem. Keywords : Coastal Area; Blongko village; Mangrove Ecosystem; Policy Strategy.

Application of Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques for Decadal Change Detection of Mangroves along Tamil Nadu Coast, India

Mangrove forests are among of the most productive and biologically important ecosystems of the world. The mangrove forests aids stabilize shorelines and reduce the devastating impact of natural disasters such as tsunamis and hurricanes. They also provide breeding and nursing grounds for marine and pelagic species, and food, medicine, fuel and building materials for local communities. Despite of its immense importance, it is declining due to increasing coastal population, urbanization and industrial development and frequent natural disasters such as storm surge, tsunami etc. Up-to-date information with regard to the extent and condition of mangrove ecosystems is essential for conservation, restoration measures and proper management of coastal zone. In this article we aims at the decadal changes of mangroves forest during 1991 to 2014 timeframe along the Tamil Nadu coast, India using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Tamil Nadu coast is the longest coastline (1076 km) in the east coast of India. Landsat TM images for the year 1991, Landsat ETM+ for the year 2000 (30 m spatial resolution) and Landsat OLI images dated 2014 (30 m spatial resolution) were used. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) were used to classify the images based on density. The decadal change analysis of mangroves reveals that the extent of mangroves was increased from 5986.20 ha in 1991 to 6421.48 ha in 2000 and it is further increased to 6756.30 ha in 2014 along Tamil Nadu coast. The increase of mangroves happens due to following reasons such as new mangroves plantation, awareness of the benefits of mangroves and coastal zone management plan. The findings of our research are expected to provide up to date information of mangroves’ change along the Tamil Nadu coast for conservation and restoration measures. Cite this Article Debabrata Ghorai, Manik Mahapatra, Asish Kumar Paul. Application of Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques for Decadal Change Detection of Mangroves along Tamil Nadu Coast, India. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2016; 7(1): 42–53p.

APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) TO DETERMINE THE STATUS OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS OF MODUNG REGION MADURA

Conversion of mangrove forests to fish ponds and settlements area has been occurred at Modung region for many years. In addition, human activities in making use of mangrove’s leaves for cattle food was also a factor that could cumulatively affect the condition of mangrove ecosystems. To maintain and conserve the ecosystems, the existing condition of mangrove’s area need to be assessed by employing relevant methods. Objectives of this study were to analyze the present condition of mangrove forests and to verify the critical status in the study area. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was used in this study as a tool to analyze and to map the ecosystem status. GIS technology was employed because its ability to map the distribution of mangrove’s habitat based on satellite imagery data as well as to determine its status using several criterias. According to the Landsat Imagery data, total areas of mangroves forest were 92,76 Ha. Moreover, using 2 different methods (remote sensing and field measurements), approximately 77% of mangrove ecosystems in the area can be classified as critical. Key Words: Mangroves, GIS, Modung Madura

BENEFITS OF MANGROVE MANAGEMENT FOR PRAWN FISHING AND TIMBER PRODUCTION

Integrated fisheries resource management is absolutely needed to achieve optimal result and sustainable utilization. This research aims to analyze the benefit of mangrove forest management for prawn fishing and mangrove timber production in Segara Anakan, southern coast of Central Java. The information concerning mangrove coverage changes was achieved from a satellite imagery (Landsat) from 2002 to 2009, while prawn resources stock assessment was analyzed through production surplus method and economic analysis of prawn fishing. The results show that the condition of mangrove ecosystem in Segara Anakan since 2002 to 2009 had been decreasing with average decrease rate of 10,28% each year which caused to prawn abundance. Utilization of mangrove wood inwhich aged above 20 years would give more benefit to prawn fishing and timber production. The additional economic value for prawn fishing was approximately 3,964 times of cropped woods. Prawn fisheries resource management in Cilacap coastal waters could be done by management of fishing effort and rehabilitation of mangrove forest in Cilacap region and surrounding areas as well especially in Segara Anakan Lagoon.