Hygienic Conditions Research Articles

Periodontal treatment needs in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease.

Increased incidence of periodontal disease is described in adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), implicating similarities in gut immunopathogenesis and periodontitis. Evaluation of periodontal status and treatment needs of children with IBD in remission, according to disease phenotype, sex, age, and oral hygiene status, and compare them to age-matched healthy population of a dental practice. Fifty-five children with IBD (mean age 12.27±3.67 years) and 55 matched healthy controls of a dental practice (mean age 12.21±3.96 years) were assessed with the simplified gingival index (GI-S) and the plaque control record (PCR) index and the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITNs). A dental questionnaire on therapy, oral hygiene, gum bleeding, and dental attendance was completed by participants. Children with IBD in remission had higher gingival inflammation and periodontal treatment needs compared to controls. In patients with IBD, the CPITN was higher in older compared to younger children (59.37% vs. 47.83%) and in boys compared to girls (65% vs. 46.67%). Among controls, CPITN was also higher in older children (21.88% vs. 4.34%) and in boys (16% vs. 13.33%). Older children and boys with IBD have more periodontal treatment needs, compared to controls, despite similar oral hygiene.

Bullying and oral health in Egyptian adolescents: the moderating role of sense of coherence and resistance to peer influence

BackgroundBullying is the intentional, repeated and prolonged aggressive behavior towards victim(s) who feel powerless to defend themselves. It could influence adolescents’ mental health. Some adolescents possess coping skills which enable them to overcome such adversities. The present study assessed the association between bullying, sense of coherence (SOC), resistance to peer influence (RPI) and oral health in Egyptian adolescents.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional survey that included 12–16 year old adolescents attending 6 schools in Damanhour, Egypt was conducted from March to December 2023. Data were collected through clinical examination and self-administered questionnaires. Clinical examination assessed dental caries (DMFT), oral hygiene (plaque index) and gingival condition (gingival index). Toothbrushing frequency and sugar consumption were assessed by (World Health Organization-child form), bullying (Revised Olweus Bully Victim Questionnaire), SOC (Sense of Coherence Scale-Short Form) and RPI (Resistance to Peer Influence Questionnaire). The independent variables were bullying, SOC and RPI. The dependent variables were untreated caries, gingival inflammation and toothbrushing frequency. Multivariable multilevel regression assessed the relationship between the independent and dependent variables after adjusting for potential confounders. Adjusted regression coefficients (B), adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Effect modifications by SOC and RPI were evaluated.ResultsThe response rate was 95.25% (N = 602), mean (SD) age was 14.01 (1.15). Half of the students (49.83%) were girls. About 42% had untreated caries, only 15.78% brushed their teeth twice daily and the mean (SD) gingival index was 1.57 (0.40). About 25% were victims, (9.30%) bullies and (18.60%) bully-victims. Victims showed significantly lower odds of twice daily toothbrushing (AOR = 0.52, p = 0.04). Bullies and bully-victims showed non-significantly higher odds of untreated caries (AOR = 1.42, p = 0.25), (AOR = 1.21, p = 0.42), respectively. Bullying was not associated with gingival inflammation. Higher SOC and RPI mitigated the impact of bullying on untreated caries and toothbrushing frequency.ConclusionBullying was associated with higher odds of untreated caries and lower odds of twice daily toothbrushing in Egyptian adolescents. Higher SOC and RPI alleviated this relationship, highlighting the importance of individual coping strategies to oral health.

Assessing Oral Hygiene Status of Children in an Urban Setting in Sub-Sahara Africa

Objectives: This study assessed oral hygiene status of children in Enugu metropolis and its association with age, sex, tooth brushing tools, frequency of tooth brushing, and past dental visits. Materials and methods: This was a secondary analysis of data. The primary study recruited children from primary schools in Enugu East Local Government Area in Enugu in 2020. Data on age, sex, level of education, tooth cleansing tools, frequency of brushing, dental visit, and oral hygiene status were collected. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 25. Multivariate logistic regression for potential determinants of oral hygiene status of children was conducted. A model was developed to determine the potential determinants of oral hygiene status among children in Enugu metropolis. The effect of all significant factors on dental visit was inferred at P< 0.05. Results: Children aged 5 to 12 years with mean age of 8.21±1.90 years participated in the study. There were 307 (48.3%) males and 329 (51.7%) female study participants. Many, 371 (58.3%), of the participants were aged 5-8 years and 540 (84.9%) had fair oral hygiene status. Males significantly had lower odds of having good oral hygiene (AOR: 0.154; CI: 0.035-0.687; P=0.014) when compared to the females. Conclusion: Many children had fair oral hygiene and sex was a risk indicator of oral hygiene status among children in this population.

AFFECTING FACTORS DENTAL AND ORAL HYGIENE STATUS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

Background: Schizophrenia sufferers generally have poor oral hygiene status, this is because schizophrenic sufferers experience cognitive limitations and the ability to think rationally, resulting in an inability to perform oral hygiene. Research that explores external factors related to dental and oral hygiene status in schizophrenia is still very limited. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors that influence dental and oral hygiene status in schizophrenia. Method. This research is an analytical observation with a cross sectional approach in the work area of ??the Aceh Mental Hospital. The population in this study was all health workers in the schizophrenia room at the Aceh Mental Hospital, totaling 135 people. The sample was taken by purposive sampling, totaling 57 people, the sample size was determined using the TaroYamane formula. Results. This research shows that the level of knowledge and attitude of room health workers is in the good category, but the dental and oral hygiene status of schizophrenic sufferers is still in the poor category, namely 51.3% and 52.3% with a P value > 0.05 which shows that despite their knowledge and The attitude of health workers is in the good category but is not reflected in the dental and oral hygiene status of schizophrenia sufferers. Conclusion. There was no significant relationship between the knowledge and attitude of health workers in the room and the status of dental and oral hygiene in schizophrenia patients.

Microbiological Quality of Raw Cow’s Milk Produced and Marketed System in the Town of Bongor, Chad

Background: Raw cow's Milk, intended for human consumption, is the complete product of the total and uninterrupted Milking of a healthy, well-fed and not overworked dairy cow. However, this raw Milk, even when Milked under adequate hygienic conditions, contains micro-organisms and spoils at room temperature. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the sanitary quality of raw Milk produced and marketed in the town of Bongor in Chad. Methodology: The study was carried out in Bongor, Province of Mayo-Kebbi-Est (Chad). It focused on 30 samples of raw Milk analyzed using the standard microbiology method for counting germs and expressing quality. Results: Total dissatisfaction was determined in our samples for TAMF, Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli β-glucuronidase. The bacterial load of Staphylococcus aureus was abnormally high in 80% of cases, 40% of samples were contaminated with Yeasts and Molds, and 23.30% of RSAs were found to compromise quality. Salmonella spp, which were absent from our cultures, and Bacillus cereus, whose count did not exceed the permitted legal standard, were the only parameters that did not compromise the food quality of the product. Conclusion: In view of these observations, consumers would be exposed to a real danger to their health if nothing is done to improve the microbiological quality of raw Milk.

The impact of scabies in tent cities in Kahramanmaraş after the Turkish earthquakes: oral pharmacologic treatment efficacy

Background Our study was conducted to determine the impact of scabies in people living in collective living areas such as tent cities and container cities after the February 6 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes and to show the effectiveness of oral ivermectin treatment on scabies cases because topical treatments could not be used in this period when access to water was limited. Methods Among 233 patients diagnosed and treated with scabies in tent and container cities, 192 patients who met the criteria were included in the study. Descriptive statistics were given as number (n), percentage (%), mean, median, standard deviation (SD). In the comparison of categorical data, the chi-square test was applied; in the comparison of numerical data ANOVA analyses was applied. Results A total of 192 scabies patients (82.4%), 47.9% (N:92) of whom were women, were included in the study. The frequency of scabies in the total population in tent cities and container cities was found to be at least 0.54%. The most common symptoms were pruritis (99.0%) and rash (97.9%). The most common sites of lesion involvement were the umbilicus (87.0.%), forearm (75.0%), and back (70.3%). After the first dose of ivermectin, 159 (82.8%) patients showed complete recovery, while 30 (15.6%) patients showed partial recovery. 3 (1.6%) patients showed no improvement. After the second dose of ivermectin, 173 (90.1%) patients showed complete recovery. There were two (1.0%) patients who did not show improvement after two doses. Due to the deterioration of urban infrastructure after devastating earthquakes, the irregularity of mass living areas, the lack of hygiene conditions, and the difficulty of accessing clean, usable water, oral ivermectin may be the first choice for treatment in terms of ease of use and effectiveness.

Spatial–Temporal Patterns in the Enteric Pathogen Contamination of Soil in the Public Environments of Low- and Middle-Income Neighborhoods in Nairobi, Kenya

Public spaces in countries with limited societal development can be contaminated with feces containing pathogenic microbes from animals and people. Data on contamination levels, spatial distribution, and the diversity of enteric pathogens in the public settings of low- and middle-income neighborhoods are crucial for devising strategies that minimize the enteric infection burden. The objective of this study was to compare spatial–temporal differences in the detection rate and diversity of enteric pathogens in the public spaces of low- and middle-income neighborhoods of Nairobi, Kenya. TaqMan array card (TAC) molecular assays were employed to analyze soil samples for 19 enteropathogens, along with a selective bacterial culture for pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae. An observational assessment was conducted during every site visit to document the hygienic infrastructure and sanitation conditions at the sites. We detected at least one pathogen in 79% (127/160) and ≥2 pathogens in 67.5% (108/160) of the soil samples tested. The four most frequently detected pathogens were EAEC (67.5%), ETEC (59%), EPEC (57.5%), and STEC (31%). The detection rate (91% vs. 66%) and mean number of enteric pathogens (5 vs. 4.7) were higher in low-income Kibera than in middle-income Jericho. The more extensive spatial distribution of pathogens in Kibera resulted in increases in the detection of different enteric pathogens from within-site (area < 50 m2) and across-site (across-neighborhood) movements compared to Jericho. The pathogen detection rates fluctuated seasonally in Jericho but remained at sustained high levels in Kibera. While better neighborhood conditions were linked with lower pathogen detection rates, pathogenic E. coli remained prevalent in the public environment across both neighborhoods. Future studies should focus on identifying how the sources of pathogen contamination are modified by improved environmental sanitation and hygiene and the role of these contaminated public environments in enteric infections in children.

Evaluations of Groundwater Quality using Principal Component Analysis and Associated Multivariate Techniques: A Case History in Ewekoro Communities, South-West Nigeria

The quest for quality water consumption is comprised of integration of numerous techniques from different professionals whose contributions go a long way in determining overall health status and wellness of any given society. The water quality status of boreholes in Ewekoro communities of Ewekoro Local Government Area, South-West Nigeria was investigated in this work. Water samples were collected from 25 boreholes at various sampling stations across the study area. Standard analytical water quality methods using Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)/Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Pour Plate Techniques were respectively employed in the laboratory for the samples’ geochemical and bacteriological analyses. The raw data were processed and analyzed using Principal Component Analysis and other multivariate techniques with Excel and SPSS 20.0 statistical software packages with the corresponding outcomes systematically compared with water quality standards. For the PCA, the varimax rotation converged in 23 iterations with 6 components extracted which accounted for 92.76% of the total cumulative variance respectively observed for geochemical parameters. Na2+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, SO42-, NH4+, PO43-, and HCO3-, Mg3+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Ni, S , Si, Fe3+, NO3− and Al3+ played a significant contribution with higher factor loading supported by the dominance of HCO3− among the water quality determinants. The rotation converged in 8 iterations with 3 extracted components that accounted for a total cumulative variance of 90.99% % with pH, TEMP, EC, BOD, TS, TURB, ALK, TH, TDS, THC, and DO in the Physico-chemical Parameters series. Most quality determinants in the sampled water are within allowable limits of the approved water quality standards including WHO except Alkalinity, HCO3−, MgCO3−, Cl−, BOD, Cd2+, Fe3+ and Zn2+. The overall ionic dominance pattern follows the same trend K+ >Na2+ > Fe3+ >Mn2+ and Cl- >NO3- >NO2-. The results of the microbial analyses revealed the highest Total Coliform Count of 17 x 102 MPN/100 ml while that of THBC and FCC were reported as 7.8 ×102 cfu/ml and 1.2×102 cfu/ml respectively. The hygienic status of the water sources was found to be poor. High BOD, Coliform Count and BOD5:NO3- ratios of 248.23 recorded for the groundwater samples were suggestive of possible organic pollution due to faecal invasion with the lowest measured depth of 35m. Multivariate statistical approaches namely Correlation, Principal Component Analysis and Descriptive statistics simplified and identified the interrelationship among the analyzed physicochemical parameters and the pollution sources. This study has therefore revealed that boreholes in Ewekoro were polluted and posed potential risk to biomedical safety and overall human health. Intervention measures are therefore necessary to safeguard the inhabitants from water-related diseases and their consequences.

Oral Health Epidemiological Investigation in an Urban Homeless Population.

The purpose of this clinical epidemiological investigation was to examine the oral health conditions of homeless people in the city of Rome, Italy. A total of 157 homeless subjects were subjected to a first dental visit, during which anamnestic information was recorded in a digital medical record. A diagnosis of dental disorders was performed by assessing oral hygiene conditions, periodontal health, the presence of caries and/or root residues, and the presence of partial and/or total edentulousness. Caries and missing teeth were evaluated by the DMFT index. The first major criticality was represented by poor or absent oral hygiene. The examined sample showed a major percentage of high DMFT (63.0%); the most common clinical condition was the presence of numerous root residues. Regarding periodontal health, 73.2% of patients had gingivitis, 21.6% periodontitis, while 11 patients had periodontal pathologies with tooth mobility (7%). Finally, 8.9% of patients had one or two missing elements, 22.9% had partial edentulousness, and 8.9% of the sample had total edentulism. This analysis provides an important basis for strengthening health promotion and the importance of accessible and effective care for this population. It will therefore be necessary to continue to adopt a patient-centered approach geared towards addressing the demands that this population faces in maintaining their oral health.

Oral State and Salivary Cortisol in Multiple Sclerosis Patients.

Background: MS patients experience gradual and progressive functional limitation, bulbar symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, and psychiatric disorders that can impinge on oral status. This study aimed to investigate the oral state, oral hygiene habits, and salivary cortisol levels in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) compared to healthy controls. It also evaluated systemic parameters: disease duration, type of Disease Modifying Therapy (DMT), disability score, professional activity, and smoking in the study group. Methods: This study included 101 patients (71 women and 30 men, aged 16-71 years) and 51 healthy volunteers (36 women and 15 men, aged 28-82 years). The oral examination assessed the number of teeth, type and number of dental fillings and prosthetic restoration, oral hygiene state, and salivary cortisol. Results: It was found that MS patients had significantly more professional activity, swallowing problems, pronunciation issues, dry mouth, and taste disturbances than the control group. They brushed their teeth twice daily significantly less often. The API was higher, while the SBI was lower in MS patients. Disease duration positively correlated with age and number of missing teeth. The Expanded Disability Status Scale positively correlated with age, disease duration, number of missing teeth, number of composite fillings, and right and left-hand Nine Hole Peg test scores, and negatively correlated with the Sulcus Bleeding Index. Salivary cortisol levels did not differ between groups and correlated only with the disability scale. Conclusions: MS patients require ongoing dental care and preventive measures to manage both general and oral health symptoms effectively.

Retrospective Evaluation of Intestinal Protozoa Parasites in Patients Presenting to Kafkas University Health Research and Application Hospital Between 2019-2022.

This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the prevalence of protozoan parasites in stool samples collected from patients presenting with various gastrointestinal complaints to the Medical Parasitology Laboratory of Kafkas University Research and Application Hospital between 2019 and 2022. Stool samples were initially examined using the native-Lugol method for the detection of protozoan parasites, followed by the formol-ethyl acetate sedimentation method, Giemsa, and carbol fuchsin staining methods. Specific immunochromatographic card tests were used for the diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia intestinalis. Of the 2.267 stool samples examined over the four-year period from January 2019 to December 2022, 7.63% were found to contain one or more protozoan parasites. Among these parasites, Entamoeba histolytica was detected at the highest rate of 4.06%. The other parasite species were identified as follows: Blastocystis spp. 1.15%, Entamoeba spp. and Entamoeba coli each 0.52%, Giardia intestinalis 0.48%, Endolimax nana 0.17%, and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar 0.08%. This study indicates that despite a decrease in the prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections in the Kars region, these infections remain a significant public health issue. Therefore, improvements in hygiene and sanitation conditions, increased public health education, and the widespread implementation of early diagnosis and treatment methods are necessary. Special measures should be taken to protect vulnerable groups, particularly children and the elderly.

Modelling a Western Lifestyle in Mice: A Novel Approach to Eradicating Aerobic Spore-Forming Bacteria from the Colonic Microbiome and Assessing Long-Term Clinical Outcomes.

The environmentally acquired aerobic spore-forming (EAS-Fs) bacteria that are ubiquitous in nature (e.g., soil) are transient colonisers of the mammalian gastro-intestinal tract. Without regular exposure, their numbers quickly diminish. These species of bacteria have been suggested to be essential to the normal functioning of metabolic and immunogenic health. The modern Western lifestyle restricts exposure to these EAS-Fs, possibly explaining part of the pathogenesis of many Western diseases. To date, the only animal studies that address specific microbiome modelling are based around germ-free animals. We have designed a new animal model that specifically restricts exposure to environmental sources of bacteria. A new protocol, termed Super Clean, which involves housing mice in autoclaved individually ventilated cages (IVCs), with autoclaved food/water and strict ascetic handling practice was first experimentally validated. The quantification of EAS-Fs was assessed by heat-treating faecal samples and measuring colony-forming units (CFUs). This was then compared to mice in standard conditions. Mice were housed in their respective groups from birth until 18 months. Stool samples were taken throughout the experiment to assess for abundance in transiently acquired environmental bacteria. Clinical, biochemical, histological, and gene expression markers were analysed for diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (the "diseases of the West"). Our results show that stringent adherence to the Super Clean protocol produces a significantly decreased abundance of aerobic spore-forming Bacillota after 21 days. This microbiomic shift was correlated with significantly increased levels of obesity and impaired glucose metabolism. There was no evidence of colitis, liver disease or hypercholesterolaemia. This new murine model successfully isolates EAS-Fs and has potential utility for future research, allowing for an investigation into the clinical impact of living in relative hygienic conditions.

Effectiveness of Visual Pedagogy and Printed Aids on Oral Hygiene Status of Institutionalized Children Who are Hard of Hearing in D. K District, Karnataka - A Randomized Control Study

Effectiveness of Visual Pedagogy and Printed Aids on Oral Hygiene Status of Institutionalized Children Who are Hard of Hearing in D. K District, Karnataka - A Randomized Control Study

The Importance of Cleaning and Sanitation in Homebrewing

The expansion of homebrewing among hobbyists and beer lovers has enabled the availability of fabulous and non-conventional flavors to a broader public. However, homebrewing conditions are not standardized and greatly depend on the meticulosity of the homebrewer. To ensure minimum hygienic conditions, homebrewers need to employ more effort than the standardized brewing industry. Cleaning and sanitation ask for a meticulous and thorough, almost perfect cleaning and sanitation pattern in order to ensure healthy fermentation and safe beer. The implementation of cleaning and sanitation methods can greatly prolong the lifespan of kegged or bottled beer and accent the excellent aromas and taste of homebrewed beer. Since there is a lack of scientific literature concerning this aspect of brewing, this paper is conceptualized as a review that covers all the major concerning/hazardous points in homebrewing and summarizes potential actions to maximize cleaning and sanitation efficiency in the homebrewing process.

The influence of storage conditions on hygiene condition and eicosapentaenoic acid oxidation in Nannochloropsis algae for sustainable food supply.

Nannochloropsis algae contain approximately 20% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and hold significant potential for high-quality eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) food industrialization. However, EPA in Nannochloropsis sp. is prone to oxidation, and microbial growth is a critical factor affecting the shelf life of fresh food. Storage composition and temperature are primary factors influencing microbial growth, yet these aspects are not fully understood. This study investigates the effects of temperature and encapsulation on EPA content in nano-products over time. Nano-powder and nanobeads derived from Nannochloropsis sp. served as raw materials. Additionally, changes in aerobic plate counts and coliform groups were monitored. The results indicated that nanobeads, due to their more complex processing and less mature packaging, were more susceptible to coliform contamination compared to nano-powder. In terms of EPA stability, nanobeads exhibited a longer storage life than nano-powder. The oxidation rate of both nano-powder and nanobeads was faster at 37 °C than at 25 °C. These findings can inform general shelf life estimation, rapid detection of total lipid content in nano-products and macro extraction of nano-oil. Moreover, they have significant implications for delaying EPA oxidation in nano-products and improving hygienic quality control for microbial detection. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Water and energy deprivation: Addressing the problem of essential utility services poverty in Mayotte

Among the 17 sustainable development goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 are ensuring “availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation” and “access to modern energy sources”. One problem for Mahorais households is access to safe, clean and affordable essential utility services, such as electricity, water and sewerage. Moreover, Mayotte, a French oversea department, is experiencing an unprecedented drought. The island, which is sinking into a severe water crisis, has been depriving its inhabitants of running water two days out of three since the beginning of September 2023. We define a new concept of utility services poverty (basic utility services deprivation) based on the theoretical capabilities framework of Sen and Nussbaum. Using a latent class model, we identify households that are poor in utility services and characterize four household profiles. One main advantage of this methodology is replicability in many Low and Middle Income Countries’ (LMICs). We demonstrate that access to water is more discriminatory than access to electricity in Mayotte. The top priority in fighting utility services poverty should be access to water and sanitary facilities. Public policies should be implemented not according to income but to facilitate water and energy access and improve basic hygiene conditions notably through social housing.

Assessment and Association of the World Health Organization’s Five Keys to Food Safety Among Selected Food Truck Operators Demographic in Jeddah City

The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that food handlers play a significant role in the maintenance of food safety from food production to storage. This study aims to assess the implementation of WHO five keys to safer food in the food trucks in Jeddah city. This study was an observational study. A total of 103 registered and licensed food trucks in Jeddah were selected using the opportunity sampling method. The WHO’s five keys to safer food questionnaire was used by the researchers to inspect and evaluate the hygiene status of food trucks. A chi-square test was used to assess the association between the demographic characteristics of food truck handlers and the implementation of the variables used to evaluate WHO’s five keys to safer food in their food trucks. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. The participation rate was 64.4% (103/160). Most food truck handlers were older than 30 years (55.3%), were men (81.6%), had secondary-level education (40.8%), and were Saudi nationals (69.9%). More than 50% of food truck handlers had less than three years of experience in business, and 67% of food truck handlers had undergone training in food handling. The researchers found good implementation of Key 5c. – “Water from cans/bottles used for cooking” (93.2%), followed by Key 1a. “Cleaning and disinfecting done periodically” (78.6%), and poor implementation for Key 3a. – “Calibrated thermometers are used to check temperatures” (30.1%) in the food trucks. The overall implementation score of WHO’s five keys to safer food was found to be good (score ≥ 8) in 57.3% of food trucks. Food handlers’ age, gender, and training in food handling indicated a significant association with the implementation of WHO’s five keys to safer food. The exposure of food handlers to food handling training indicated a significant association with good implementation of all five keys to safer food.

Efficacy of Dadruhara Lepa in Dadru W.S.R. Tinea Corporis: A Single Case Study

Skin is the largest organ of our body. It is important to take care of it. In today’s era, skin diseases are commonly found due to lifestyle changes. One of the very common skin problems is Fungal infection. In Ayurveda, we relate it with Dadru based on its signs and symptoms. The signs and symptoms of Dadru kushtha resemble Tinea corporis, which is a fungal infection caused by poor hygienic conditions. This Article is a case study of a 62-year-old male patient with signs and symptoms of Dadru kushtha registered from the OPD of Kayachikitsa, UAU, Gurukul Campus, Haridwar. We administered Dadruhara lepa and some oral ayurvedic medications after taking these medications patient gets relieved within 50 days from all signs and symptoms of Dadru.

The state of food safety and hygiene in bottled water production facilities in the five provinces of the Central Highlands region in 2023

A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from March 2023 to December 2023 to assess the implementation of food safety regulations in bottled water production facilities across the five provinces of the Central Highlands region (Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Lak, Dak Nong, Lam Dong) in 2023. The study evaluated food safety conditions, practices of direct production personnel, and collected bottled water samples for testing five bacterial indicators according to QCVN 6-1:2010/BYT. The results showed that the majority of facilities did not meet the criteria of physical infrastructure conditions at 74.7% (56/75), equipment and utensil conditions at 74.7% (56/75), conditions of direct production personnel at 44.0% (33/75), personal hygiene practices at 65.3% (49/75), and bottle cleaning practices at 72% (54/75). The rate of microbial contamination in bottled water products was 70.7% (53/75), of which the main contamination was Pseudomonas aeruginosa 45.3% (34/75), total Coliforms 42.7% (32/75), Clostridia 6.7% (5/75) and Streptococci feacal 2.0% (2/75). Some factors related to bacterial contamination in bottled water products are the condition of facilities, practicing personal hygiene, and practicing bottle hygiene.

Effects of Temporomandibular Disorders on the Oral Hygiene Status and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of Young Adults

Objective: This study aimed to provide basic data to develop effective measures to improve the oral hygiene and oral health-related quality of life of individuals by preventing temporomandibular disorders. Methods: Data were collected from 148 young adults who visited the Department of Dental Hygiene of K University in Region D for practical training. The collected data were subjected to independent sample t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient and logistic regression analyses. Results: Incidence of temporomandibular disorders and oral hygiene status were significantly negatively correlated with oral health-related quality of life, whereas that of temporomandibular disorders was significantly positively correlated with the oral hygiene status. Additionally, incidence of temporomandibular disorders was 3.821 times higher in the poor oral hygiene group than in the good oral hygiene group and 0.845 times lower in the good oral health-related quality of life group than in the poor oral healthrelated quality of life group. The explanatory power of these factors was 53.9%. Conclusions: These results suggest the importance of the prevention, early detection, and treatment of temporomandibular disorders to ensure good oral hygiene status and oral health-related quality of life of young adults. Furthermore, there is need for effective oral health education measures, including oral health projects for young adults, to prevent and treat temporomandibular joint disorders.