Objective: Hypertension guidelines worldwide recommend first-line treatment with Angiotensin Convertor Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI) or Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) in almost all groups of patients. Nevertheless, some population as elderly or CKD patients at high risk to develop renal complications may benefit from avoidance of these commonly used drugs. Design and method: We reviewed our registry of out-hospital patients who had to suspend ACEI or ARBs treatment selecting those without kidney loss, known renal artery stenosis, active neoplasms or drug withdrawal in a condition of Acute Kidney Injury and we performed 12 months follow up. Finally, 36 resulting patients completed the one year period and data of basal, three months and 12-month visits have been compared. A case-control study examining the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), first-day urine albuminuria, blood pressure control and plasmatic potassium has been performed. Results: Baseline characteristics: 17 males and 19 females both with an average age of 78.3 (SD 7.7) years, Charlson's comorbidity index of 6.8 (SD 2), 14 treated previously with ACEI and 22 with ARBs. Comparison of average blood pressure, GFR, proteinuria and potassium levels showed: 1. There were no significant variations in blood pressure at 3 and 12 months. 2. GFR increased at 3 and 12 months from 31.9 (SD 9.4) to 39.6 (SD 14.9) and 43.1 (SD 17.3) ml/min/1.73m2 [p < 0.001] 3. Plasma potassium level decreased at 3 and 12 months from 5.1 (SD 0.6) to 4.7 (SD 0.5) and 4.6 (SD 0.5) mg/dl respectively [p < 0.001] 4. First-day urine albuminuria increased significantly at the 12-month visit in the overall group(from 127.4 (SD 301.8) to 233 (SD 557) mg/g, p < 0.05). Nevertheless, no significant change was observed in the group of 27 patients without significant previous proteinuria (from 13.9 (SD 16.8) to 21.5 (SD 24.8), p = 0.1 NS). Conclusions: Elderly patients with prolonged hypertension are at risk to develop slowly progressive kidney failure associated with the use of ACEI and ARBs, especially if renal atrophy is present. These patients without previous proteinuria would benefit from the first-line use of antihypertensive drugs without suppressive effect over the renin-angiotensin system.