Design Of Concurrent Systems Research Articles

Node Injection Control Logic Design for Intelligent Home System Based on Wireless Sensor Network

Smart home is a building, network, communication, automation, set management, and service, as one of the efficient, comfortable, safe, and environmental protection of the living environment, and can provide personalized living space according to the needs of different users. Due to the advantages of wireless sensor network (WSN), such as strong expansion ability, strong communication ability, and strong self-organization ability, the smart home system based on WSN has become the main development direction in the field of smart home. This paper analyzes the different functions and features of wireless sensor network routing protocol and use scope, aiming at the application layer, using the MQ queue enhance server concurrent processing capacity and system scalability and design based on application layer gateway and terminal node “data matching list,” which are introduced in the design of smart home system based on geographic information location energy-efficient routing protocols. The solution of routing void problem is improved by using information feedback mechanism and alternate nodes. Simulation results show that this method can improve the energy saving of energy-efficient routing protocol. Finally, the intelligent home system experiment platform was built to verify the overall function of the system, and the communication function of the WiFi network and ZigBee network was tested. Based on the analysis of the interference between ZigBee and WiFi network, frequency agility algorithm is used to solve the problem of the same frequency interference, so as to ensure the performance of the system to meet the needs of the smart home system.

3D Printing Latex: A Route to Complex Geometries of High Molecular Weight Polymers.

Vat photopolymerization (VP) additive manufacturing fabricates intricate geometries with excellent resolution; however, high molecular weight polymers are not amenable to VP due to concomitant high solution and melt viscosities. Thus, a challenging paradox arises between printability and mechanical performance. This report describes concurrent photopolymer and VP system design to navigate this paradox with the unprecedented use of polymeric colloids (latexes) that effectively decouple the dependency of viscosity on molecular weight. Photocrosslinking of a continuous-phase scaffold, which surrounds the latex particles, combined with in situ computer-vision print parameter optimization, which compensates for light scattering, enables high-resolution VP of high molecular weight polymer latexes as particle-embedded green bodies. Thermal post-processing promotes coalescence of the dispersed particles throughout the scaffold, forming a semi-interpenetrating polymer network without loss in part resolution. Printing a styrene-butadiene rubber latex, a previously inaccessible elastomer composition for VP, exemplified this approach and yielded printed elastomers with precise geometry and tensile extensibilities exceeding 500%.

Model Checking of WebRTC Peer to Peer System

The establishment of the multimedia session is crucial in the WebRTC architecture before media and data transmission. The preliminary bi-directional flow provides the network with all the information needed in order to control and manage the communication between end-users. This control includes the setup, management, and teardown of a session and the definition, and the modification of multiple features that will be enabled in the ongoing session. This is performed by a mechanism named Signaling. In this work, we will use the formal verification to increase confidence in our SDL model by checking the consistency and reliability of the WebRTC Peer to Peer system. The verification and validation are proved the most efficient tools to avoid errors and defects in the concurrent system designs. Indeed, by using model-checking techniques we will verify if the WebRTC system adheres to standards if it performs the selected functions in the correct manner. To achieve that, we will first translate the SDL model to an intermediate format IF that will be retranslated to a Promela Model. Second, using the SPIN model checker, we will verify the general correctness of the model before checking if the desired properties are satisfied using the Linear Temporal Logic (LTL).

Towards a Categorical Framework for Verifying Design and Implementation of Concurrent Systems

Process-oriented design and implementation of concurrent systems has important benefits. However, the inherent complexity of concurrent processes’ communication imposes challenges such as verifying consistency between the process-oriented design and implementation of a concurrent system. To deal with such a challenge, we use Galois connections, Failures and Category Theory to construct a formal framework for designing, implementing, analyzing and verifying consistency of concurrent systems. For the purpose of illustrating the framework, a running concurrent system is designed by Communicating Sequential Processes, implemented by a process-oriented programming language Erasmus.

Combine and conquer: Relating BIP and Reo

Coordination languages simplify design and development of concurrent systems. Particularly, exogenous coordination languages, like BIP and Reo, enable system designers to express the interactions among components in a system explicitly. A formal relation between exogenous coordination languages comprises the basis for a solid comparison and consolidation of their fundamental concepts. In this paper we establish a formal relation between BI(P) (i.e., BIP without the priority layer) and Reo, by defining transformations between their semantic models. We show that these transformations preserve all properties expressible in a common semantics. We use these transformations to define data-sensitive BIP architectures and their composition.

A QUARTER CENTURY of User-Centered Design Engineering Project Classes with Multi-Disciplinary Teams

Carnegie Mellon University has developed and employed a User-Centered Interdisciplinary Concurrent System Design Methodology (UICSM) that takes teams of electrical engineers, mechanical engineers, computer scientists, industrial designers and human computer interaction students that work with an end-user to generate a complete prototype system during a four-month long course. With more than 25 years of use, the last 20 years in a formal class setting, the methodology has proven robust in creating increasingly capable applications leveraging state-of-the-art components. For example, wireless technology bandwidth increased by over four orders of magnitude during the course. UICSM is web-supported and defines intermediary products that document the evolution of the design. These products are posted on the web so that even remote designers and end-users can participate in the design activities. The design methodology proceeds through three phases: conceptual design, detailed design and implementation. End-users critique the design at each phase. In addition, simulated and real application tasks provide further focus for design evaluation. Th e methodology has been used in designing more than three dozen computer systems, with diverse applications ranging from inspection and maintenance of heavy transportation vehicles to augmented reality in manufacturing and plant operations to car/driver interaction. [SSLT 1994; SS 1999; SS 2002a; SS 2002b; SSS 2001; SSMRT 2005].

Nondeterministic Modal Interfaces

Interface theories are employed in the component-based design of concurrent systems. They often emerge as combinations of Interface Automata (IA) and Modal Transition Systems (MTS), e.g., Nyman et al.'s IOMTS, Bauer et al.'s MIO, Raclet et al.'s MI or our MIA. In this paper, we generalise MI to nondeterministic interfaces, for which we properly resolve the longstanding conflict between unspecified inputs being allowed in IA but forbidden in MTS. With this solution we achieve, in contrast to related work, an associative parallel composition, a compositional preorder, a conjunction on interfaces with dissimilar alphabets supporting perspective-based specifications, and a quotienting operator for decomposing nondeterministic specifications in a single theory. In addition, we define a hiding and a restriction operator, complement conjunction with a disjunction operator and illustrate our interface theory by means of a simple example.

Concurrency in Intuitionistic Linear-Time μ-Calculus: A Case study of Manufacturing System

Background: The design of concurrent systems has become more and more articulated during the last three decades, thus forcing radical modifications on the overall methodological approach. In concurrent systems multiple tasks are being performed in parallel, giving rise to nondeterminism in these situations. The goal of this work is to introduce a common formalized framework to improve the shortcomings of existing models of concurrency, most of which use an oversimplified model of time. Methods: In this paper we will model a manufacturing system having concurrent machines by Colored Petri Nets (CPN) technique. For verification of such systems, intuitionistic linear-time μ-calculus (IμTL) will be applied, which is based on Heyting algebra. IμTL is the extension of linear-time μ-calculus. Reasoning about composition in general, but especially concurrent composition, remains one of the greatest challenge. Findings: The IμTL rules will be used for verifying soundness and composition of safety properties, which are more general than previously discussed rules by using Linear-Time Temporal Logic (LTL). These results will also show the verification of concurrent systems using IμTL. Application: This research will provide new direction for modeling and verification of concurrent system.

Using Failures and Category Theory to Verify Process Communications between Design and Implementation of Concurrent Systems

The process-oriented design and implementation of concurrent systems have important advantages. However, it is challenging to verify the consistency of process communications between the design and the implementation. To deal with such a challenge, we construct a formal framework for designing, implementing and verifying the consistency of process communications. In this framework, we use Failures in Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP), Erasmus and Category Theory as the foundation. The framework is illustrated by using a running example.

Relating BIP and Reo

Coordination languages simplify design and development of concurrent systems. Particularly, exogenous coordination languages, like BIP and Reo, enable system designers to express the interactions among components in a system explicitly. In this paper we establish a formal relation between BI(P) (i.e., BIP without the priority layer) and Reo, by defining transformations between their semantic models. We show that these transformations preserve all properties expressible in a common semantics. This formal relation comprises the basis for a solid comparison and consolidation of the fundamental coordination concepts behind these two languages. Moreover, this basis offers translations that enable users of either language to benefit from the toolchains of the other.

Actions and Events in Concurrent Systems Design

In this work, having in mind the construction of concurrent systems from components, we discuss the difference between actions and events. For this discussion, we propose an(other) architecture description language in which actions and events are made explicit in the description of a component and a system. Our work builds from the ideas set forth by the categorical approach to the construction of software based systems from components advocated by Goguen and Burstall, in the context of institutions, and by Fiadeiro and Maibaum, in the context of temporal logic. In this context, we formalize a notion of a component as an element of an indexed category and we elicit a notion of a morphism between components as morphisms of this category. Moreover, we elaborate on how this formalization captures, in a convenient manner, the underlying structure of a component and the basic interaction mechanisms for putting components together. Further, we advance some ideas on how certain matters related to the openness and the compositionality of a component/system may be described in terms of classes of morphisms, thus potentially supporting a compositional rely/guarantee reasoning.

3A35 Concurrent Command and Mechanical System Design to Limit Transient and Residual Vibration(The 12th International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control)

3A35 Concurrent Command and Mechanical System Design to Limit Transient and Residual Vibration(The 12th International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control)

Gehry Partners' Fondation Louis Vuitton: Crowdsourcing Embedded Intelligence

AbstractThe complexity of the mass‐customised forms of Gehry Partners' new art museum in Paris, the Fondation Louis Vuitton pour la création, has taken high‐definition simulation techniques and embedded intelligence to a new level. Tobias Nolte and Andrew Witt of Gehry Technologies describe how the realisation of the Fondation required the development of a 3D concurrent design system that could synchronise hundreds of participants. This self‐optimisation system has enabled both ‘intricate collaboration and unprecedented engineering’. The benefits have been far reaching, ranging from the detailing of tolerances to material constraints.

Avoiding diamonds in desynchronisation

The design of concurrent systems often assumes synchronous communication between different parts of a system. When system components are physically apart, this assumption becomes inappropriate. Desynchronisation is a technique that aims to implement a synchronous design in an asynchronous manner by placing buffers between the components of the synchronous design. When queues are used as buffers, the so-called ‘diamond property’ (among others) ensures correct operation of the desynchronised design. However, this property is difficult to establish in practice.In this paper, we give sufficient and necessary conditions under which a concrete synchronous design (i.e., without the unobservable action) is equivalent to an asynchronous design and formally prove that the diamond property is no longer needed for desynchronisation when half-duplex queues are used as a communication buffer. Furthermore, we discuss how the half-duplex condition can be further relaxed when the diamond property can be partially guaranteed. To illustrate how this theory may be applied, we desynchronise the synchronous systems that are synthesised using supervisory control theory.

Concurrent computer-aided design system for supporting technological aspect of cutting die design

Designing of stamping dies is a complex procedure where comprehensive knowledge is needed, in order to understand the interactions of various interdependent parameters that are extensively engaged within all development phases of a sheet-metal stamping product. Many important die design decisions are made based on technological knowledge, which is especially closely related to understanding the activities of product design and process planning. Due to the lack of such valuable knowledge within conventional three-dimensional computer-aided design systems, a concurrent system for supporting technological aspect of die design process is proposed within this article. The system that was developed on top of computer-aided three-dimensional interactive application CATIA V5 product lifecycle management software enables die design automation on the basis of constraint solving. Product design and process planning activities are accomplished concurrently by system’s modules. Finally, it extracts relevant technological information and decisions directly to the die design phase. The system also represents unique basis for the development of some modules capable of automatic reasoning, regarding die design and performing actions on this basis. The experimental results showed that the use of this system significantly shortens sheet-metal product development cycle, improves its quality, and enables efficient training of inexperienced designers.

An Interactive System for Concurrent Engineering Design

The methods in delivering engineering design have gone through evolvement where the effectiveness of conventional methods is decreasing. However, the importance of concurrent engineering design approach has tremendously increased due to the ever competitive world today. This is the reason why engineering designers are concern about the methods of delivering design and one of the recent interests is using interactive system to deliver design. In this paper, the construction of interactive system will be discussed followed by the experimental setup. Experiments will be conducted in the form of performing few selected tasks with the interactive system and comparison will be made with the conventional design approach. Comparison will be done by collecting feedback through questionnaires from the participants who are involved in the experiments. Feedback will be analysed to identify the feasibility of interactive concurrent engineering design system.

A Rough Set Approach to Information Systems Decomposition

The aim of this paper is to present the methods and algorithms of information systems decomposition. In the paper, decomposition with respect to reducts and the so-called global decomposition are considered. Moreover, coverings of information systems by components are discussed. An essential difference between two kinds of decomposition can be observed. In general, global decomposition can deliver more components of a given information system. This fact can be treated as some kind of additional knowledge about the system. The proposed approach is based on rough set theory. To demonstrate the usefulness of this approach, we present an illustrative example coming from the economy domain. The discussed decomposition methods can be applied e.g. for design and analysis of concurrent systems specified by information systems, for automatic feature extraction, as well as for control design of systems represented by experimental data tables.

Design rationale and system description aspects in product platform design: Focusing reuse in the design lifecycle phase

One key to efficient and effective reuse in product-developing companies is platform-based design. Future platforms need to more efficiently deal with: concurrency, information-rich designs and fast realization of design derivates. This calls for new ways to describe platform-based designs. The configurable component framework is intended to support concurrent, complex, and variant-rich system design considering the complete product life cycle. This article presents case studies where an extended function-means model, acting as a design rationale, is incorporated into the configurable component concept. This includes an adaptation to handle design bandwidth, a more transparent and explicit constraint handling, and the composition of a system design rationale based on multiple function-means models. This approach enables the description of complex, encapsulated configurable systems composed using multiple (sub) systems and supports concurrent engineering in a supply chain.

A UML/MARTE Model Analysis Method for Uncovering Scenarios Leading to Starvation and Deadlocks in Concurrent Systems

Concurrency problems such as starvation and deadlocks should be identified early in the design process. As larger, more complex concurrent systems are being developed, this is made increasingly difficult. We propose here a general approach based on the analysis of specialized design models expressed in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) that uses a specifically designed genetic algorithm to detect concurrency problems. Though the current paper addresses deadlocks and starvation, we will show how the approach can be easily tailored to other concurrency issues. Our main motivations are 1) to devise solutions that are applicable in the context of the UML design of concurrent systems without requiring additional modeling and 2) to use a search technique to achieve scalable automation in terms of concurrency problem detection. To achieve the first objective, we show how all relevant concurrency information is extracted from systems' UML models that comply with the UML Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time and Embedded Systems (MARTE) profile. For the second objective, a tailored genetic algorithm is used to search for execution sequences exhibiting deadlock or starvation problems. Scalability in terms of problem detection is achieved by showing that the detection rates of our approach are, in general, high and are not strongly affected by large increases in the size of complex search spaces.

Concurrent Tolerance Design System Based on Manufacturing Context

This paper introduces a computer-aided concurrent tolerance design system based on real manufacturing resources (CATFM), which can ensure the optimal robust tolerance and consider real manufacturing resource owned by the factory. Firstly, the concurrent tolerance design model which can get balance between quality and cost utilizing Taguchi's quality loss function is proposed. Then the principle of concurrent tolerancing is concisely depicted through analyzing the overall structure of the system, and the design method is described in detail. Finally, an example is adopted to illustrate the proposed system.