Concrete Values Research Articles

Evaluation of the Nurse-Saul method using maturity sensors for concrete strength control

The article presents the results of experimental studies on the strength of concrete grade B25 brand M350 by direct and indirect methods of control. To conduct tests, 17 cylindrical, 15 small, and 2 large cubic specimens were manufactured. 15 cylindrical specimens by 3 pieces were tested for compression in a hydraulic press on 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days of curing, and in the remaining two for 28 days the curing temperature was measured in order to obtain the strength-maturity relationship by the method of Nurse-Saul. The curing temperatures of the larger specimens were measured similarly, from which the concrete maturity and strength values on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 were estimated. On the same days, compression tests were carried out on small specimens and by the shock pulse method on large specimens. As a result, the strength gain curves were obtained and calibration dependencies were plotted. The calibration dependencies showed a sufficiently close convergence of the results of the direct method of control (i.e., compression of small specimens) and the Nurse-Saul method of maturity, in contrast to those of the shock pulse method. The determination coefficients of these dependencies amounted to 0.9357 and 0.8965, respectively.

Analysis of the trend of pH changes of concrete pore solution during the hydration by various analytical methods

The pH is an important parameter in concrete health monitoring. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the environmental elements that influence the pH value of concrete. This study focussed on the investigation of the pore solution in concrete throughout the hydration process during a 90-day timeframe. The concrete pore solution was extracted by ex-situ leaching methods (ESL) including cold water and hot water extraction (CWE and HWE). The pH of the solutions was obtained by various techniques such as titration, direct measurement by pH electrode, back calculation method, and the thermodynamic modelling based on the measured alkali concentrations. For both ex-situ leaching processes, the changes in pH and alkali concentration appear to be similar. Due to the dilution effect of water addition, direct pH measurement with a pH electrode and titration method underestimates the real pH value. The results obtained from the measured alkali concentrations were more reliable and indicated that the pH of the fresh concrete was around 13.1 and increased gradually up to 13.8 with time. Back calculation of the pH of the concrete using the dilution of the H+ ions show the high pH values. Therefore, the actual pH of the concrete pore solution can be evaluated using a thermodynamic modelling based on the alkali content of the extracted solution.

Ein epistemischer Lösungsvorschlag für das Kahlkopfparadox

In this essay an epistemic solution to the Bald Man Paradox is suggested. Pre- supposing classical logic and minimal additional premises it is shown that there is a sharp border for baldness. In the course of that it is argued that the same argument can be given regarding alternative many-valued logics. Following this we formulate a plausible principle of imperfect soritical knowledge (ISK), with the aid of which it is shown that the concrete value of the sharp border is un- known. The proposed solution of the Bald Man Paradox will then be compared with Williamson's solution to the Sorites Paradox. In the end it is argued that the tolerance principle derives its plausibility from an ambiguity of the word "false". To this end it is shown that there is an equivalent formulation of the tolerance principle in Ulrich Blau's three-valued logic which is consistent with the existence of a sharp border.

Conflict Management As a Pillar of Compliance Systems In Privacy


 
 
 Objective: To identify the advantages of applying conflict management knowledge in privacy compliance actions and to provide strategies for the prevention and management of privacy conflicts.
 Problem: Although privacy is an important topic in society, it still requires efforts to be incorporated into the social fabric as a concrete value. Institutions that perform data processing activities are inevitably faced with the need to understand the interests of data subjects and third parties involved, and to identify the use of resources assertively in order to protect their activities and maintain relationships with other parties. Therefore, compliance programs in privacy must consider conflict management, in addition to regulatory compliance, to avoid conflicts and provide opportunities for their management.
 Method: The research will be conducted through a literature review, analyzing existing knowledge related to conflict management and privacy compliance. 
 Results and Conclusions: The research will identify the benefits of incorporating conflict management knowledge in privacy compliance programs. The study will also provide strategies for the prevention and management of privacy conflicts, thus contributing to the development of effective compliance programs that consider conflict management as a fundamental pillar. Finally, this research aims to raise awareness of the importance of addressing privacy conflicts as a means of promoting privacy as a value in society.
 
 

Artificial intelligence-assisted system for precision diagnosis of PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer

Standardized programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) assessment in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is challenging, owing to inter-observer variability among pathologists and the use of different antibodies. There is a strong demand for the development of an artificial intelligence (AI) system to obtain high-precision scores of PD-L1 expression in clinical diagnostic scenarios. We developed an AI system using whole slide images (WSIs) of the 22c3 assay to automatically assess the tumor proportion score (TPS) of PD-L1 expression based on a deep learning (DL) model of tumor detection. Tests were performed to show the diagnostic ability of the AI system in the 22c3 assay to assist pathologists and the reliability of the application in the SP263 assay. A robust high-performance DL model for automated tumor detection was devised with an accuracy and specificity of 0.9326 and 0.9641, respectively, and a concrete TPS value was obtained after tumor cell segmentation. The TPS comparison test in the 22c3 assay showed strong consistency between the TPS calculated with the AI system and trained pathologists (R = 0.9429–0.9458). AI-assisted diagnosis test confirmed that the repeatability and efficiency of untrained pathologists could be improved using the AI system. The Ventana PD-L1 (SP263) assay showed high consistency in TPS calculations between the AI system and pathologists (R = 0.9787). In conclusion, a high-precision AI system is proposed for the automated TPS assessment of PD-L1 expression in the 22c3 and SP263 assays in NSCLC. Our study also indicates the benefits of using an AI-assisted system to improve diagnostic repeatability and efficiency for pathologists.

APPLICATIONS OF DUYEN HAI - 1 THERMAL POWER PANT’S FLY ASH AND HOA PHAT STEELMAKING PLANT’S BLAST FURNACE SLAG IN GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE FABRICATION

Currently, non-cement alkaline activated concretes, using fly ash instead of conventional cement binder, have been widely used in construction around the world. However, in Viet Nam researches on geopolymer concretes are still very limited. Meanwhile, coal-fired thermal power plants in Viet Nam annually generate about 13 million tons of fly ash, potentially causing environmental pollution. Therefore, the use of these raw materials for concrete making not only minimizes environmental pollution but also avoids wasting resources. This paper presents study results on the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete using fly ash of the 1,245 MW Duyen hai - 1 thermal power plant and blast furnace slag of Hoa Phat steelmaking plant. The suitable ratio of liquid glass/NaOH used in this study was about 3.7. At this value, the compressive, flexural and tensile strengths of the geopolymer concrete have reached 43.2 MPa, 6.62 MPa and 87,780 N, respectively. In addition, geopolymer concrete samples were impervious and their mechanical properties were almost unchanged after soaking in various solutions for a period of 4 months. Furthermore, interlocking blocks were fabricated from this geopolymer concrete (with the same composition as sample M6), based on the TCVN 9901:2014 standard on Hydraulic structures and Requirements for sea dike design. These blocks were used to reinforce the sea dike against this year’s typhoon season in central Viet Nam. The success of this project greatly contributes to the effective application of fly ash and reducing environmental pollution.

Voxel-level analysis of normalized DSC-PWI time-intensity curves: a potential generalizable approach and its proof of concept in discriminating glioblastoma and metastasis

Standard DSC-PWI analyses are based on concrete parameters and values, but an approach that contemplates all points in the time-intensity curves and all voxels in the region-of-interest may provide improved information, and more generalizable models. Therefore, a method of DSC-PWI analysis by means of normalized time-intensity curves point-by-point and voxel-by-voxel is constructed, and its feasibility and performance are tested in presurgical discrimination of glioblastoma and metastasis. In this retrospective study, patients with histologically confirmed glioblastoma or solitary-brain-metastases and presurgical-MR with DSC-PWI (August 2007-March 2020) were retrieved. The enhancing tumor and immediate peritumoral region were segmented on CE-T1wi and coregistered to DSC-PWI. Time-intensity curves of the segmentations were normalized to normal-appearing white matter. For each participant, average and all-voxel-matrix of normalized-curves were obtained. The 10 best discriminatory time-points between each type of tumor were selected. Then, an intensity-histogram analysis on each of these 10 time-points allowed the selection of the best discriminatory voxel-percentile for each. Separate classifier models were trained for enhancing tumor and peritumoral region using binary logistic regressions. A total of 428 patients (321 glioblastomas, 107 metastases) fulfilled the inclusion criteria (256 men; mean age, 60years; range, 20-86years). Satisfactory results were obtained to segregate glioblastoma and metastases in training and test sets with AUCs 0.71-0.83, independent accuracies 65-79%, and combined accuracies up to 81-88%. This proof-of-concept study presents a different perspective on brain MR DSC-PWI evaluation by the inclusion of all time-points of the curves and all voxels of segmentations to generate robust diagnostic models of special interest in heterogeneous diseases and populations. The method allows satisfactory presurgical segregation of glioblastoma and metastases. • An original approach to brain MR DSC-PWI analysis, based on a point-by-point and voxel-by-voxel assessment of normalized time-intensity curves, is presented. • The method intends to extract optimized information from MR DSC-PWI sequences by impeding the potential loss of information that may represent the standard evaluation of single concrete perfusion parameters (cerebral blood volume, percentage of signal recovery, or peak height) and values (mean, maximum, or minimum). • The presented approach may be of special interest in technically heterogeneous samples, and intrinsically heterogeneous diseases. Its application enables satisfactory presurgical differentiation of GB and metastases, a usual but difficult diagnostic challenge for neuroradiologist with vital implications in patient management.

Pengaruh Penambahan Serat Ijuk Terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton

Concrete is one of the construction materials consisting of a mixture of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate as a filling material, as well as cement and water as a binder. With the addition of fiber as a partial replacement of ceme­nt to obtain a cheaper cost, for simple buildings. With partial replacement of cement with fiber in normal concrete, which aims to determine the effect of partial replacement of cement with fiber against the compressive strength of concrete. By comparing the length variation of fibers which are respectively 4 cm, 6 cm, 8 cm and fibers taken 2% of the weight of cement. Where the calculation analysis (mix desing) using SNI 7656-2012 (procedure for making normal concrete mix plan). Mix design is done in order to determine the proportion of the mixture is done with strong concrete quality planned. The test object is a cylinder with a diameter with a diameter of 15 cm and height of 30 cm. From the results obtained the replacemen of some of the cement with fibers. Where the test results of normal concrete slump of 10 cm, fiber concrete measuring 4 cm by 10 cm, fiber conrete measuring 6 cm byy 9.8 cm and fiber concrete measuring 8 cm by 9.7 cm. And the maximum compressive strength test results obtained decreased, the test value of cylindrical concrete without the addition of fiber of 27.08 MPa, where the compressive strength of concrete by using 2% fibers with a length of 4 cm of 26.70 MPa, concrete fiber 6 cm of 25.94 MPa, and for fiber 8 cm of 24.72 MPa. So that the compressive strength of concrete that occurs decreases from normal concrete without the addition of fibers.

Quality of Health Services on Outpatient Satisfaction Levels: A Literature Review

The aims of the study is to determine the Service Quality on Outpatient Satisfaction Level. Patient satisfaction is a critical metric that is frequently used to assess the quality of health care services. Clinical outcomes, patient retention, and medical malpractice lawsuits are all affected by patient satisfaction. Patients are satisfied when they receive services that fulfill their expectations; they then opt to rate the services and behave based on their satisfaction. Service quality comprises five dimensions: reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and concrete value. Institutions must take numerous steps to ensure reliable services, including continual education and training of staff

Quantum criticality of fermion velocities and critical temperature nearby a putative quantum phase transition in the d-wave superconductors

Quantum critical behaviors induced by a putative quantum phase transition are vigilantly investigated, which separates a d-wave superconducting state and d-wave superconducting+X state below the superconducting dome of the d−wave superconductors with tuning the non-thermal doping variable. Within the framework of renormalization group approach, we start with a phenomenological effective theory originated from the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson theory and practice one-loop calculations to construct a set of coupled flows of all interaction parameters. After extracting related physical information from these coupled evolutions, we address that both fermion velocities and critical temperatures exhibit critical behaviors, which are robust enough against the initial conditions due to strong quantum fluctuations. At first, the evolution of Yukawa coupling between X-state order parameter and nodal fermions in tandem with quantum fluctuations heavily renormalize fermion velocities and generally drive them into certain finite anisotropic fixed point at the lowest-energy limit, whose concrete value relies upon the very quantum phase transition. In addition, these unique properties of fermion velocities largely reshape the fate of superfluid density, giving rise to either an enhancement or a dip of critical temperature. Moreover, we find that fermion-fermion interactions bring non-ignorable quantitative corrections to quantum critical behaviors despite they are subordinate to quantum fluctuations of order parameters.

ANALISIS PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN IJUK 0,25% DAN 0,5% PADA CAMPURAN BETON fc’ 14,5 MPa (NON STRUKTUR)

Concrete is the majority of materials used in construction in Indonesia in general. Concrete mix innovations are needed so that concrete has better quality and quality. Innovation in concrete mixture one of them by using organic waste. In addition to improving quality, organic waste used is expected to reduce global warming. In Nagari IV Koto Palembayan ijuk from enau trees is not processed and left alone, so over time the ijuk can become waste. In this study discussed the effect of the addition of ijuk in the concrete mixture against the strong press of concrete. The targeted concrete press strong value is 14.5 MPa. The test object is made by varying the amount of ijuk addition in the concrete mixture by 0.25% and 0.5%. The test object used is a cylinder measuring 15cm in diameter and 30 cm high. Testing was conducted when the concrete was 7 days old, 14 days and 28 days old using 2 samples of test objects. The results showed a strong value of normal concrete press age of 28 days obtained at 15.57, while the strong value of additional concrete press ijuk 0.25% and 0.5% obtained by 19.82 MPa and 18.26 MPa. The results showed additional concrete ijuk 0.25% increased by 27.30% from the normal concrete press strength and the strong value of additional concrete press ijuk 0.5% also increased by 17.28% from the strong normal concrete press.

Повышение точности статического анализа за счет учета значений полей класса, имеющих единственное константное значение

The paper describes the approach for the improvement of the accuracy of general purpose static symbolic execution analysis of C# sources based on the accounting for the values of class fields that can have only one possible value. In addition, we propose the detector of forgotten readonly modifiers and unused fields, that use data collected by the main analysis. The approach and detectors were implemented as part of the industrial static analyzer SharpChecker. The main analysis is performed at the AST level to reduce time and resource costs. Collected values of the fields are used during symbolic execution phase allowing it to use concrete value instead of symbolic for the subset of class fields. As a result, we managed to noticeably improve the accuracy of some analyzers, such as UNREACHABLE_CODE (improved by 7.57%) or DEREF_OF_NULL (improved by 1.33%) and get new results in cases with forgotten readonly or unused fields. Achieved results allow to use analysis and detectors in the main branch of the SharpChecker and make it available to users. The paper considers in detail the algorithm of the detector and provides examples of results on the set of open source software.

Experimental analysis on crack resistance of plant nanofiber concrete under dry and cold environment with large temperature difference

In order to analyse the crack resistance of plant nanofiber concrete in the environment of large temperature difference between dry and cold, plant nanofiber concrete is prepared through experiments, and the compressive strength is analysed as the test index. Prepare straw based nanofibers, analyse their structural properties and internal structure, analyse the change of pore negative pressure value of plant nanofiber concrete, obtain the water evaporation in the pores of materials under dry and cold conditions, and determine the factors affecting the crack resistance of plant nanofiber concrete. Calculate the compressive strength and flexural strength of plant nanofiber concrete, and complete the crack resistance analysis of plant nanofiber concrete. The experimental results show that the compressive strength of concrete increases with the increase of the nano content of plant cellulose in the range of 0 ~ 1.5% of the mass fraction of concrete.

The effect of curing, specimen thickness, and saturation on surface resistivity of concrete

Electrical resistivity measurements are used to assess the potential durability of concrete. The surface resistivity method is a popular method because of the ease of testing, non-destructive nature, and time efficiency. The moisture state of concrete has a significant influence on the resistivity results. Laboratory specimens cured using practical curing methods should be saturated before testing to eliminate this effect and avoid incorrect interpretation of the results. However, the available standard test methods for surface resistivity do not deal with this issue. Consequently, an experimental study has been conducted on the effect of drying on concrete resistivity values, as reported in this paper. The results show that a reduction in the specimen thickness can improve the ability of the surface resistivity method to be used for assessing curing effectiveness.

Field thermal response test of energy pile foundation with cap under intermittent and continuous heating

Energy pile foundation has dual functions of bearing capacity and the utilization of shallow geothermal energy， the depth of foundation and operation modes have a certain impact on the heat transfer performance of the energy pile. Relying on the energy pile foundation with cap under the condition of 3.0 m buried depth， which belongs to the Hydraulic and Engineering Building of China Three Gorges University （Yichang city， Hubei province）， two series of field thermal response tests are conducted with 16-day test duration， the operation modes are 16 h heating-8 h self-cooling intermittent heating process （IH-16） and continuous 24 h heating process （CH-24）， respectively. The temperature， thermal induced strain of energy piles and cap are measured. The heat transfer efficiency values in the stable heating stage under CH-24 and IH-16 heating modes are about 5.32 kW and 5.38 kW， respectively. The neutral points of both CH-24 and IH-16 test conditions are appeared at 0.78 times the length of the pile from pile top， resulting in pile top displacements of 0.38 mm and 0.19 mm， the average temperature rise of the pile body is 8.9 ℃ and 4.7 ℃， respectively； and the thermal disturbance range is about 1.7 m. The maximum constraint stress of pile body under CH-24 test condition is <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">3.01</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula> MPa， which is 79% higher than that under IH-16 mode of <inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">1.68</mml:mn></mml:math></inline-formula> MPa. The IH-16 test produced an additional tensile stress of about 1.75 MPa at the position of the cap corresponding to the non-operating diagonal pile， which was about 73.2% of the C40 concrete tensile strength value. There were slight deformation differences in the cap under both two operating modes， which should be considered during design and operation. <fig fig-type="abstract-image" id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="SP.J.1249-2022-39-1-75/126F38C5-A67D-4f70-9A76-3976C5B96D09-F001.jpg"/></fig>

Effect of Zeolite on the Compressive Strength of Concrete with Different Types of Cement

Concrete is a material component in coastal area construction. With the increasing demand for concrete for construction purposes, there have been various innovations in concrete mixtures to improve the quality of the concrete, including the compressive strength value of concrete. In the concrete mixture, the researchers also add additive to the concrete mixture, one alternative is natural zeolite which is widely found in the earth. Research by testing concrete samples with variations of the zeolite mixture 0%, 15%, and 25% uses cement type V. The test results are then compared with the results of other studies using different types of cement. Comparative studies of zeolite concrete test with different types of cement show that the optimum proportion of zeolite is around 10% to 20% of the weight of cement to get the best compressive strength value.

Feasibility and Environmental Compatibility of Concrete using Chromium Bearing Wastewater

The effluents of chrome plating industry seepage contain toxic hexavalent chromium generally in the range of 100 to 300 mg/L. The said values of chromium are not advisable to dispose to surface water bodies or land and the treatment process of this wastewater is quite expensive. Herein, we found a course of action to reuse the wastewater in cement matrix in manufacturing concrete work. The M-30 grade concrete samples were casted with portland slag cement (PSC) at wastewater to binder ratio of 0.45. The technical compatibility of concrete specimen i.e. the chromium immobilization and other properties are well satisfied nevertheless a small decrease in hardened concrete values also observed. XRD study revealed that the hydration product Ca(OH)2 is replaced by more insoluble CaCrO4. Scanning electron microscopy study (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) study exhibited the immobilization of chromium and quantification of chromium content. The mortar samples from concrete after 56 days of air curing were subjected to toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test at pH 2.88. In addition, two days’ short tank leaching test was conducted with the concrete samples as a whole. The leachability of toxic Cr6+ found in the range 0.03-0.09 mg/L and the total chromium (TCr) values in the range 0.12 -0.17 mg/L, which are less than discharge standard as per EP Act (1986), India. All these leaching test results comply with the discharge norms to land and inland surface water, respectively. Thus, the concrete specimens using aforesaid wastewater satisfy the technical aspects and fulfil the environmental requirement.

Pengaruh Abu Sekam Sebagai Subtistusi Semen terhadap Slump Flow dan Berat Isi pada Flowing Concrete

In a construction project, the presence of dense reinforcement between reinforcement has its own problems when casting, namely when compaction it is very difficult to use a vibrator because of the density between the reinforcement. To minimize the negative impact of this, flowing concrete is made so that without using a vibrator, the concrete will self-compact properly. The constituent materials of flowing concrete are aggregate, cement and water. In the process of making cement production will produce carbon dioxide in the air, resulting in air pollution due to cement manufacture. To minimize the impact of air pollution due to cement, in this study, we tried one of the constituents of flowing concrete, namely partially substituted cement, so as to minimize air pollution. In this study, rice husk ash, which is the residue from burning rice husks, was used as a partial substitution of cement. The method used is conducting research in the laboratory. In this study, the variation of husk ash as a cement substitution was 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% and 12.5% with the addition of 1.5% superplasticizer. From the results of the study, the smallest diameter of slump flow was 53.17 cm in a mixture of 10% rice husk ash. The largest dry concrete density value is 2482.77 kg/m3 at 10% rice husk ash mixture. The conclusion that can be drawn is that based on slump flow and dry concrete density, the optimal substitution percentage for rice husk ash is 10 percent.

Karakteristik Beton Mutu 16,9 MPa Mengunakan 1% Kawat Bendrat dengan Variasi Panjang

The research aimed to determine the characteristics of the 16.9 MPa, using steel fibers (bendrat wire) with lenght variations in the concrete mixture 1% by volume-weight of the concrete. This research is an explanatory research with research questions are: how significant is the difference, and what are the characteristics. The total population of each treatment is 12 specimens with a sample of 5 specimens for compressive strength and 4 specimens for split tensile strength for each given treatment which is a random sample, specifically: A (reference concrete); B, C, D, and E for concrete with length variation an expressed as L/D fiber ratio of 50; 62.5; 75 and 87.5. The concrete material meets the standard. At the level of significance 0,05 indicates that the test data are normal distribution and uniform and the characteristics of concrete between reference concrete and concrete fiber different variance values. The unit weight between the reference concrete and the fiber concrete is slightly identical. The slump value decreases with increasing L/D fiber ratio. The concrete characteristics increase up to an L/D fiber ratio of 75. It generates a compressive strength of 19.47% of the design and 16.60% of the reference concrete (17,316 MPa). The split tensile strength is 2,753 MPa (22.29% higher than the design 2,251 MPa) and 18.83% of the reference concrete (2,317 MPa). The flexural strength was 3.638 MPa (18.01% of the 3.083 MPa design) and 1.97% of the reference concrete (3.144 MPa).

Value orientations of vkontakte users with different strategies for meanings transferring

The paper presents the results of a study of strategies for transferring the meanings and the value orientations of young people in social networks. The Internet is so firmly rooted in our everyday life that we can no longer imagine our life without it. It is penetrating into an increasing number of human life spheres, becoming the environment in which communication, educational and work processes, leisure and shopping take place. Its hard not to notice that the youth audience is especially interested in the virtual environment. The Internet and, in particular, social networks are becoming the environment that influences the formation and development of society, the dissemination of ideas, news, trends. On the Internet, one can observe both the amazing consolidation of users who are able to create a news agenda, and the disunity of many contradictory judgments, meanings and forms of their presentation. The purpose of this study is to identify the strategies for the translation of meanings that Internet users resort to when commenting on posts on social networks, and to study the value orientations of young people using various strategies for the translation of meanings. The study includes the authors questionnaire, the method of diagnosing M. Rokichs value orientations, methods of mathematical statistics (H-Kruskal-Wallis criterion, 22-criterion). Terminal and instrumental values characteristic of the 6 strategies of meanings transferring have been determined; the strategies most often used by users with abstract and concrete terminal values are revealed. The research helps to understand how the transferring of meanings takes place in a network and according to which characteristics of the value sphere users with different strategies for the meanings transferring differ.