Concrete Structures In Cold Regions Research Articles

Deterioration law and life prediction of aeolian sand concrete under sulfate freeze-thaw cycles

To study the deterioration law of aeolian sand concrete (ASC) under the coupling effect of sulfate freeze-thaw, this paper uses aeolian sand as a substitute for river sand to prepare ASC with different replacement rates (0%, 20%, and 100%). Freeze-thaw cycle (FTC) tests are conducted in different salt solution environments (5% Na2SO4, 10% Na2SO4, and 5% Na2SO4 + 3.5% NaCl) to analyze the changes in physical and mechanical properties, and the mechanism of performance degradation of ASC is analyzed by SEM, XRD and NMR. The results show that incorporating aeolian sand significantly improves the salt-freeze erosion resistance of concrete, and when the content is 100%, the impact on salt-freeze erosion on macroscopic properties such as mass loss and compressive strength is minimized, signifying the salt-freeze erosion resistance is the best. During the FTCs, the relative dynamic elastic modulus of concrete initially increases and then decreases, while the trend in mass loss rate reverses. SO42- and Cl- in the salt solutions react with the hydration products to form calcium vanadate, gypsum, and Friedel salts. During the initial stages of FTCs, erosion products fill the matrix pores, increasing the compactness of the concrete, which positively affects macroscopic properties. As the FTCs progresses, ice crystals and excessive erosion products accumulate, resulting in a further expansion of internal pores and cracks in concrete. Consequently, the ratio of harmful to beneficial pores continues to increase, resulting in freeze-thaw damage. After 200 FTCs, in the 5% Na2SO4 + 3.5% NaCl erosion medium, the internal cracks in aeolian sand concrete get bigger and the holes get larger, causing the most damage and deterioration. Different degradation indices are used to predict the residual lifetime of ASC based on a Wiener random probability distribution. The Wiener stochastic process effectively predict the lifetime of ASC under the coupling effect of sulfate FTCs, with the compressive strength loss rate as the most sensitive degradation index. Among them, for ASC-0, ASC-20, and ASC-100 in the 5% Na2SO4 + 3.5% NaCl environment, the maximum FTCs, based on the compressive strength loss rate, are 198, 206, and 213 times, respectively. This study could provide a theoretical foundation for the durability design of concrete structures in cold regions and other salt-frozen regions within Northwest China.

Dynamic mechanical properties of concrete with freeze-thaw damage under different low-temperature conditions

The mechanical properties of hydraulic concrete structures in cold regions are affected by low temperature and freeze-thaw cycles, and their mechanical properties differ greatly compared with those of the room temperature state. Especially for concrete structures with being susceptible to dynamic loads such as earthquakes and collisions, the mechanism involved the effect of low temperature on the dynamic mechanical properties of concrete with freeze-thaw damage is still not clear. The design of different low-temperature environment containing different freeze-thaw damage of concrete dynamic load tests are conducted to reveal the change patterns of dynamic mechanical properties of concrete with initial freeze-thaw damage in the low temperature range of 0 °C ∼ −30 °C. The results show that low-temperature conditions can improve the concrete compactness, and weaken the enhancement effect of high strain rate loading conditions on the concrete strength, which will reduce rate sensitivity of the mechanical properties. Meanwhile, the effect of low temperature can improve the brittleness and compressive strength of concrete and make up for part of the strength loss caused by freeze-thaw damage, and containing different freeze-thaw damage in the mechanical properties of the concrete gap with the reduction of the temperature gradually narrows. Quadratic function relationship exists between temperature and compressive strength together with other mechanical parameters, and the minimum value of R2 is 0.9721. The stress-strain relationship curve of concrete under low-temperature condition is narrowed, and the brittleness of concrete increases; the damage process becomes more intense, the integrity of concrete is high after the damage, and the number of cracks on the fracture surface decreases significantly.

Study on Frost Resistance and Interface Bonding Performance through the Integration of Recycled Brick Powder in Ultra-High-Performance Concrete for Structural Reinforcement

This study aims to address the issues posed by frost damage to concrete structures in cold regions, focusing on reinforcement and repair methods to increase the service life of existing structures instead of costly reconstruction solutions. Due to the limitations of conventional concrete in terms of durability and strength, this research focused on ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) by replacing part of the cement with recycled brick powder (RBP) to strengthen ordinary C50 concrete, obtaining UHPC-NC specimens. Mechanical tests investigated the bonding performance of UHPC-NC specimens under various conditions, including interface agents, surface roughness treatments, and freeze–thaw after 0, 50, 100, and 150 cycles with a 30% replacement rate of RBP. Additionally, a multi-factor calculation formula for interface bonding strength was established according to the test data, and the bonding mechanism and model were analyzed through an SEM test. The results indicate that the interface bonding of UHPC-NC specimens decreased during salt freezing compared to hydro-freezing, causing more severe damage. However, the relative index of splitting tensile strength for cement paste specimens showed increases of 14.01% and 14.97%, respectively, compared to specimens without an interface agent. Using an interface agent improved bonding strength and cohesiveness. The UHPC-NC bonding model without an interfacial agent can be characterized using a three-zone model. After applying an interfacial agent, the model can be characterized by a three-zone, three-layer bonding model. Overall, the RBP-UHPC-reinforced C50 for damaged concrete showed excellent interfacial bonding and frost resistance performance.

Experimental and numerical research on cyclic tensile performance of high-strength hydraulic concrete subjected to freeze–thaw damage

Hydraulic concrete structures in cold regions are vulnerable to freeze–thaw (FT) cycles, which will significantly weaken their ability to resist tensile load, thus threatening the safe operation of structures. Direct tensile properties of high-strength hydraulic concrete subjected to different FT cycles (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 FT cycles) are investigated through experimental analysis and numerical simulation. The results show that the tensile strength, initial elastic modulus and ultimate strain of hydraulic concrete decrease linearly with the increase of FT cycles, and the cumulative rate of residual strain is independent of FT damage, but increases linearly with the increase of unloading strain. Based on FT damage caused by temperature and mechanical damage caused by external load, a cyclic tensile model considering FT effect is proposed. Moreover, the evolutions of principal strain, main crack width and internal microcrack of hydraulic concrete subjected to different FT cycles under cyclic tensile load are revealed by digital image correlation (DIC) and acoustic emission (AE) techniques. Based on experimental analysis, a DEM cyclic tensile prediction model considering loading–unloading constitutive and real aggregate is established to accurately describe the cyclic tensile response of hydraulic concrete subjected to different FT cycles.

A novel method to prevent frost cracking of perforated concrete components in cold regions

Perforated concrete structures are common in engineering, and concrete members can easily experience frost cracking in cold regions. Thus, this paper conducts frost heave tests on perforated concrete, aiming at the problem of the frost heave cracking risk of perforated concrete structures in cold regions. Utilizing the temperature-distribution monitoring method, we obtain the icing behavior and ice-plugging effect along the length direction of a hole in the concrete. Then, the cracking characteristics of concrete with holes under freeze–thaw cycles are mastered by performing rapid freeze–thaw tests on concrete with holes and observing the cracked section. The reason why concrete does not crack immediately under theoretical frost heave force is also revealed. Finally, this paper proposes that hydrophobic filling materials can alleviate the frost heave stress on concrete. The findings of this work reveal the mechanism for the frost cracking of concrete with holes and put forward preventive measures, having guiding significance for eliminating the risk of freeze–thaw cracking.

Investigation on mechanical properties deterioration of concrete subjected to freeze–thaw cycles

Concrete structures in cold regions are usually suffer from froze and thaw action. A combined investigation of nanoindentation technique and X-ray diffraction were adopted to demonstrate the microstructure change and micromechanical properties deterioration of concrete subjected to freeze–thaw (F-T) cycles in this study. The results showed that the indentation modulus and hardness of the main compositions in mortar, such as calcium-silicate-hydrates and calcium hydroxide, both gradually decreases as the F–T cycles increase, with the greatest reduction approximate 38% after 1500 F–T cycles, while the corresponding greatest reduction of the main compositions in interfacial transition zone (ITZ) is close to 50%. In addition, the micropores in mortar and ITZ both gradually converge and connect to form larger diameter pores, and the thickness of ITZ increased rapidly from 25 to 50 μm after 1500 F–T cycles. On this basis, the effective modulus of elasticity under different F–T cycles are analyzed through Mori–Tanaka scheme with consistent variation tendency of dynamic modulus of elasticity test. Subsequently, the mechanical properties deterioration of concrete under F–T cycles is mainly attributed to the decrease of mechanical properties (such as modulus and hardness) of microscopic components, and the increase and propagation of the internal micropores especially for micropores in ITZ.

A Gaussian processes-based approach for damage detection of concrete structure using temperature-induced strain

Concrete structures in cold regions are highly susceptible to internal cracks due to the periodic variation of temperature and the alternation of drying and wetting in the long term. Conventional damage detecting techniques for concrete are often destructive and need tedious manual operation. Concrete strain monitoring is a non-destructive measurement technique, which provides continuously streaming strain data and has the potential of detecting damage automatically based on a data-driven approach. Temperature-induced strains are highly responsive to damage to concrete structures under the freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles. In this regard, we propose a novel damage detection approach based on temperature-induced strains. The proposed method separates the temperature-induced component from the measured data based on the independent component analysis, which improves the modeling accuracy of the Gaussian processes modeling (GPM) approach for detecting damage. The principle of damage detection is extracting the features related to the damage from the measured strain data. The model residuals of temperature-induced strains are extracted as features that are sensitive to concrete damage. A novel damage index is established to determine the presence of structural damage based on the Kolmogorov Smirnov (KS) test, which estimates the probability distribution of residuals. To increase the reliability of damage detection and decrease the pseudo fault alarm rate, the general extreme value (GEV) theory is considered to determine a reliable threshold limit. A moving window strategy is introduced to perform damage detection and identify the damage occurrence time effectively. Monitoring data of the F-T cycle experiment are utilized to validate the proposed method. The results of three different damage cases demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed data-driven method in terms of detecting the damage and identifying the damage occurrence time. The variation rules of the concrete temperature characteristics are revealed through the damage detection results under F-T cycles.

Durability Investigation of Fiber-Reinforced Functionally Graded Concretes in Cold Regions

Introducing the differential design concept of functional gradient into mass concrete structures is a feasible design concept that can meet the requirement of crack resistance and internal hydration heat reduction for mass concrete in cold regions. This study analyzed functionally graded concrete’s long-term performance and durability behavior through experimental tests. Based on various concrete mix proportion designs, six concrete groups were selected to test. The shrinkage performance tests were conducted according to the specifications, and early crack resistance tests were also carried out. In addition, the crack development characteristics of concrete with different mix proportions were compared and analyzed, and the impermeability, frost resistance, and carbonation resistance tests were conducted. The test results show that concrete’s long-term performance and durability can be effectively improved by adopting the functional gradient concrete design. The functional gradient concrete adds an anti-freezing polycarboxylate superplasticizer, steel fiber, and polypropylene fiber. Therefore, it can better meet the actual needs of mass concrete structures in cold regions. The drying and autogenous shrinkage rates of mass concrete structures mixed with a composite water reducer were significantly reduced. As a result, this method effectively improved the microporous structure, reduced the loss of dynamic elastic modulus, and improved the anti-freezing performance of concrete of various strength grades. Furthermore, adding steel-like fiber and monofilament polypropylene fiber to the concrete outside the structure can improve the crack resistance of concrete and effectively inhibit the occurrence and development of dry shrinkage and early cracks. Therefore, it can better meet the actual needs of mass concrete structures in cold areas.

Damage characteristics and constitutive model of concrete under uniaxial compression after Freeze-Thaw damage

In order to study the uniaxial compressive damage characteristics and stress–strain behavior of concrete with different degrees of freeze–thaw (F-T) damage, and then effectively evaluate the mechanical properties of concrete under different F-T damage degree. The rapid F–T cycle test was performed on different groups of concrete specimens, and an F–T damage evolution equation was established according to the change law of the relative dynamic elastic modulus. Uniaxial compression tests were performed on specimens with different F–T cycles, and damage evolution during compression was studied using an acoustic emission (AE) system. Finally, the AE characteristic parameters were used to establish a uniaxial compression constitutive model of concrete considering F–T damage. The results showed that the degree of F–T damage increased as the F–T cycles increased. During the concrete compression failure, the AE amplitude showed a more obvious and rapid rising trend when it was close to the critical state point. The proportion of low-amplitude AE events (≤50 dB) gradually decreased, whereas that of medium- and high-amplitude events exhibited a corresponding upward trend. These results indicate that the concrete after F–T damage exhibited more brittle characteristics during the compression failure process. The damage constitutive model established in this study can accurately reflect the damage evolution law of concrete during the entire process of uniaxial compression after F–T cycles. Moreover, the model was sufficiently consistent with test data, providing a reference for the design and safe operation of concrete structures in cold regions.

Investigation on seawater freeze-thaw damage deterioration of marine concrete structures in cold regions from multi-scale

Influenced by the periodic tidal movement, the deterioration environment composed of the tide, seawater, air temperature (freezing) and sea temperature (melting) has become the key to the degradation of the marine reinforced concrete (RC) structures in cold regions. In view of this, the freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) test of RC structures was carried out, and the damage distribution of concrete with seawater FTCs was tested. Subsequently, based on the temperature distribution, pore water crystallization law and critical saturation of concrete under seawater FTCs, the calculation method of FTCs damage was established from multi-scale, which the calculation results can well reflect the damage behavior of specimens with seawater FTCs. It is significant for the stiffness degradation of specimens with fewer FTCs, and the strength begins to decay for specimens with more than 50 FTCs. Moreover, there is an obvious FTCs boundary for concrete with 50 FTCs, and the depth of the FTCs boundary is close to the limit for RC specimens with 75 FTCs. Based on the discussion of the effects on FTCs, the influence of temperature distribution is much higher than that of critical saturation.

Evaluation of fracture behavior of high-strength hydraulic concrete damaged by freeze-thaw cycle test

Hydraulic concrete structures in cold regions are vulnerable to freeze–thaw (FT) damage, which will affect the fracture performance of concrete structures. Hence, the fracture characteristics of high-strength hydraulic concrete subjected to different FT damage (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 FT cycles) are studied by experimental analysis and discrete element method (DEM) simulation. The results show that the FT damage has a significant weakening effect on the fracture characteristics of concrete beams. The elastic modulus E, critical crack length ac, fracture toughness KIc, fracture energy GF and critical crack tip opening displacement CTODc of concrete beams all show a linearly decreasing trend with the increase of the number of FT cycles. In addition, digital image correlation (DIC) and acoustic emission (AE) techniques are used to reveal the evolution law of internal cracks of FT damaged concrete beams under three-point flexural loads. On the basis of experimental research, the influence indexes of FT damage are introduced into DEM parameters, and a fracture model considering real aggregates is established, which can well predict the fracture behavior of concrete beams subjected to different FT cycles.

Numerical investigation on the thermal control performance and freeze-thaw resistance of a composite concrete pier with microencapsulated phase change materials

Concrete structures in cold regions are often damaged by freeze-thaw action, which can seriously reduce their service life. How to actively reduce the freeze-thaw cycles suffered by the structures is key to enhance their freeze-thaw durability. In this paper, a composite pier protective technique with microencapsulated phase change material concrete (MPCMC) was proposed, including the MPCMC layer, the pure microencapsulated phase change material (MPCM) layer, the insulation layer, and the structure concrete (SC). To analyze the thermal control performance of the composite MPCMC pier, a 3-D heat transfer model with phase change were established. Combing the laboratory and field tests, a series of numerical simulations were conducted. The results indicated that the key parameters, including the thickness, phase change range, and thermal conductivity of the MPCMC layer and MPCM layer, and the thickness and thermal conductivity of the insulation layer, can determine the thermal control performance of the composite pier. An optimal composite structure was obtained considering the engineering cost. The optimal structure can effectively reduce the freeze-thaw cycles and extend its service life. Compared to the ordinary concrete pier, the maximum degree of reduction for freeze-thaw cycles can reach 94% and the maximum extension for service life can be 1470% at the freezing point of 0 °C. The study can provide some theoretical basis for the design of the freeze-thaw resistance of the concrete structure in cold regions and related researches.

Evaluation and prediction on abrasion resistance of hydraulic concrete after exposure to different freeze-thaw cycles

Considering that the hydraulic concrete structures in cold regions will suffer from the combined action of freeze-thaw (FT) damage and hydraulic abrasion, the morphology indexes such as the abrasion depth, abrasion volume and fractal dimension of hydraulic concrete subjected to different FT cycles (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 FT cycles) are determined by the underwater method. On this basis, a prediction model for the abrasion resistance of concrete subjected to different FT damage is established by using the projection pursuit regression (PPR) theory. The results show that with the aggravation of FT damage, the number of isolated matrices and abrasion depth on the concrete surface continue to increase, and the surface roughness parameters increase exponentially, which significantly affects the evolution of abrasion depth, abrasion volume and fractal dimension of hydraulic concrete with abrasion time, showing a continuous decline in abrasion resistance. And a power function is used to establish the prediction models of the morphology indexes of hydraulic concrete subject to different FT cycles, which have high prediction accuracy. In addition, the relationship functions between abrasion depth, abrasion volume and fractal dimension are proposed, and both of them have a good linear correlation. Eventually, the PPR model based on morphology indexes is proved to be a promising method to predict the abrasion performance of hydraulic concrete structures in cold regions.

Bond performance of deformed rebar embedded in recycled aggregate concrete subjected to repeated loading after freeze–thaw cycles

Freeze-thaw damage and repeated loading would degrade the performance of the concrete structures in cold regions. In this paper, 54 pull-out specimens with different recycled coarse aggregate levels (RA, i.e., 0%, 50% and 100%) were cast to exposure to freeze–thaw cycles (FTC, i.e., 0, 50, 100, 150). Next, the bond-slip curves of specimens subjected to different repeated stress ratios (0.3, 0.5 and 0.7) were tested. The effects of RA, FTC and repeated stress ratio on bond strength and peak slip were analyzed respectively. Based on damage mechanics, the bond-slip constitutive model was established, and the theoretical bond strength was calculated by using the modified cohesive-elastic ring model. The results showed that with the increase of FTCs, the bond strength of both natural coarse aggregate concrete (NAC) and recycled coarse aggregate concrete (RAC) was obviously decreased, while the peak slip exhibited an opposite law, and the RA substitution had no significant effect on bond performance due to the different cement dosages of mixtures. Furthermore, repeated loading had little effect on bond strength and slip. The damage bond-slip constitutive model was in good agreement with test results, and the bond strength calculated by the modified cohesive-elastic ring model considering stirrup pressure proposed in this paper was verified by the test data.

Full-scale investigation of post-tensioned prestressed concrete bridge girders subjected to frost heaving in cold regions

Frost heaving is one of the major diseases of post-tensioned prestressed concrete structures in cold regions. This study investigates the effects and underlying mechanisms of frost heaving damages on the mechanical behaviors of full-scale post-tensioned prestressed concrete girders of a highway bridge. Forensic investigations were performed for three bridge girders through destructive tests, which included borehole, anatomy, and flexural tests, with an intact girder as the control. Three-dimensional nonlinear finite element models of the girders were established to understand the mechanisms of the effect of frost heaving. The results show that frost heaving reduced the effective prestress, mechanical properties of concrete, and bond between concrete and tendon, thus reducing the crack resistance and durability of the girders. This study provides new insights into post-tensioned prestressed concrete girders under frost heaving. The results are useful to improve the safety, serviceability, and durability of prestressed concrete bridges in cold regions.

Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties and Pore Structure Deterioration of Concrete under Freeze-Thaw Cycles.

Understanding the evolution of mechanical properties and microscopic pore structure of concrete after freeze–thaw cycles is essential to assess the durability and safety of concrete structures. In this work, the degradation law of mechanical properties and damage characteristic of micro-structure of concrete with two water-cement ratios (w/c = 0.45 and 0.55) is investigated under the condition of freezing–thawing cycles. The influence of loading strain rate on dynamic compressive strength is studied. The microscopic pore structure after frost damage is measured by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) technique. Then, a damage model based on the porosity variation is established to quantitatively describe the degradation law of macroscopic mechanical properties. The test results show that the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity (RDME), dynamic compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength of concrete decrease with the increase of freeze–thaw cycles. Empirical relations of concrete dynamic increase factor (DIF) under the action of freeze–thaw cycles are proposed. Moreover, the experimental results of NMR indicate that the porosity as well as the proportion of meso-pores and macro-pores of concrete gradually increased with the increasing of freeze–thaw cycles. The research results can provide reference and experimental support for the anti-frost design theory and durability life prediction of hydraulic concrete structures in cold regions.

Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Structures Incorporating Nano-Silica and Basalt Fiber Pellets

Recently, developing a nonferrous reinforcement system (corrosion-free system) using durable and ductile cement-based materials that incorporate discrete fibers has been a promising option for exposed concrete structures in cold regions or marine environments. Therefore, in this study, properties of a novel type of cementitious composite comprising nano-silica and a high dosage of slag were investigated. The hybrid (layered) composites assessed in this study were composed of two layers of different types of cementitious composites. Normal concrete (NC) was used in the top layer combined with a layer of fiber-reinforced cementitious composite (FRCC) reinforced with either the recently developed basalt fiber (BF) pellets (basalt fiber strands encapsulated by a polymeric resin or steel fibers (SF)) that were used at different dosages. The post-cracking behavior in terms of residual strength, residual index, and toughness are presented and discussed. The analysis of results showed the effectiveness of the BF pellets in enhancing the post-cracking behavior of specimens, as they behaved comparably to counterpart specimens comprising SF, which makes them a good candidate for infrastructural applications including rehabilitation such as new bridge girders or overlays.

Durability Performances of Aramid Fiber Reinforced Polymer as Reinforcement Material for Concrete Structures in Cold Regions

A series of tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical performances of aramid fiber reinforced polymer (AFRP) and its epoxy resin matrix after 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 freeze-thaw cycles in the dry air, respectively. After a given number of freeze-thaw cycles, the residual tensile strength and elastic modulus of AFRP specimens were measured, and the lap-shear strength of epoxy resin adhesive specimens was gained. Test results show that: (1) Variation of the elastic modulus of AFRP with the increasing of the freeze-thaw cycles exhibits the same tendency as the tensile strength did. They increase in the first 20 to 40 cycles and then decrease till the end of 80 cycles; (2) The tensile strength and elastic modulus of AFRP decreases by 5.1% and 8.2%, respectively, after 80 cycles as compared with that kept in the laboratory environments. However, the effect of the freeze-thaw cycling in the dry air on the tensile properties of CFRP is very limited within 80 cycles; (3) The freeze-thaw cycling in the dry air of this study has an adverse effect on the adhesive property of the epoxy resin, which could be regarded as the evidence for the degradation of the interface between aramid/carbon fiber and matrix.

Effects of Cyclic Freeze-Thaw on the Steel Bar Reinforced New-To-Old Concrete Interface.

Frost damage of concrete has significant effects on the safety and durability of concrete structures in cold regions, and the concrete structures after repair and reinforcement are still threatened by cyclic freezing and thawing. In this study, the new-to-old concrete interface was reinforced by steel bar. The shear strength of the new-to-old concrete interface was tested after the new-to-old combination was subjected to cyclic freeze–thaw. The effects of the diameter of the steel bar, the compressive strength of new concrete, the number of freeze–thaw cycles and the freezing temperatures on the shear properties of new-to-old concrete interface were studied. The results showed that, in a certain range, the shear strength of the interface was proportional to the diameter of the steel bar and the strength of the new concrete. Meanwhile, the shear strength of the reinforced interface decreased with the decreasing of the freezing temperature and the increasing of the number of freeze–thaw cycles.

Damage evaluation method based on ultrasound technique for gangue concrete under freezing-thawing cycles

As a major industrial waste, gangue has significant environmental, economic, and social benefits when used in the preparation of concrete. The durability and bearing capacity of concrete structures in cold regions are affected by freeze-thaw damage. Therefore, the damage evolution behavior and degree of gangue concrete damage under a freeze–thaw environment should be accurately evaluated. In this paper, rapid freeze-thaw tests were carried out on gangue concrete with volume replacement ratios of 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% coarse aggregate. The compressive strength and water absorption properties of gangue concrete were tested, and the changing rules of them were analyzed. In addition, the damaged layer thickness of gangue concrete was tested by ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology. The eigenvalue of the damage layer and the residual strength of the material in the damaged area were considered. The correction coefficient was introduced to modify the measured damaged layer thickness. A method for evaluating freeze–thaw damage in gangue concrete on the basis of damaged layer thickness was proposed. Results showed that the compressive strength and damage layer characteristic value of gangue concrete decreased gradually with the increase of freeze–thaw cycles, whereas the water absorption depth, damage layer thickness, and damage degree increased gradually; change rate increased with the replacement rate of gangue. With the increase of the replacement rate of gangue, the frost resistance of gangue concrete decreased obviously, whereas the damage deterioration rate increased. After introducing the damage layer correction coefficient, the accuracy of the evaluated degree of freeze–thaw damage increased significantly. Correction coefficient increased gradually with freeze–thaw time, indicating that the evolution of the residual strength of materials in the damage area decreased continuously and the actual degree of damage increased gradually.