Concrete Objects Research Articles

Simple Teaching Tools: Efforts to Improve Mastery of Direct Current Electrical Materials by Utilization in Physics

A teaching tool is a collection of concrete objects that are purposefully developed or created to make the learning process more relevant and effective. Our findings at one of Ambon City’s high schools revealed that there were no teaching tools for direct current (DC) power. Hence, learning has only been accomplished via the lecture technique. This impacted students’ poor mastery of the material. This study aimed to improve mastery of the DC electricity topic using basic teaching methods in physics education. This type of study consists of a one-group pre and post-test. Data were examined with N-Gain to measure the increase in mastery of the subject after students completed the learning procedure. The research sample consisted of 22 students from Class XII-3. According to the study’s findings, 45.5% of students with high qualifications and 54.5% of students with medium qualifications improved their mastery of the material under study. Thus, it is possible to conclude that the use of simple teaching tools in DC electricity material in physics education can improve students’ comprehension of the topic at hand. Keywords: simple teaching tools, material mastery, direct current electricity

Application of the PBL Model with Multimedia in Improving Class IV Social and Science Learning Result at SDN Nglanduk 2

Teachers still face various challenges in implementing learning in the classroom. Some of them are students who are less active, lack of use of technology, lack of use of concrete objects, and students' social and science learning outcomes that have not yet reached the criteria for achieving learning objectives. The research entitled "Application of the PBL Model with Multimedia in Improving Class IV Social and Science Learning Result at SDN Nglanduk 2" aims to describe the steps for implementing the PBL model with multimedia in improving Class IV Social and Science learning result and identify whether the PBL model with multimedia can improve learning result class IV. The Problem Based Learning (PBL) model is a learning model whose application uses concrete problems to develop problem solving and critical thinking skills so that it can improve student learning outcomes. Multimedia can attract students' attention and make learning more enjoyable. This research was carried out at SDN Nglanduk 2. The classroom action research procedure used refers to the Action Research methodology, namely 1) Planning, 2) Action (Implementation of Action), 3) Observation (Observation), 4) Reflection (Reflection), which is carried out in 2 cycles. Learning evaluation is carried out after the material is presented to find out to what extent students can understand the material being taught. The evaluation results show that there is an increase in learning outcomes, namely in cycle I it was 40%, up 20% to 60% and cycle II, namely 60%, up 40% to 100%. From this Classroom Action research it can be concluded that the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model with multimedia can improve social and science learning for class IV at SDN Nglanduk 2.

Integrasi Dan Penerapan Teori Signiant-Signified Saussure Dalam Pembelajaran Mufradāt

Learning Arabic mufradat, strategies, methods, and approaches are often less meaningful and only a formality for students. This research describes integrating Saussure's signifier-signified theory into Arabic vocabulary learning. The process in this research uses library research, which is a method of collecting data then understanding the data and studying theories from various sources of articles, and books by the research. The results of this study show that Saussure's signifiant-signified theory in the application of the principles of the relationship between the signifier and signified includes four aspects, including a) written sign (sign in the form of writing, b) oral-audio sign (sign in the form of sound), c) visual sign (sign in the form of pictures), d) object sign (a sign of a concrete object). Implementation in learning should be done sequentially, starting from the written sign as an introduction to the vocabulary and its meaning, oral-audio sign as an improvement of pronunciation, visual sign as strengthening mastery of mufradat, and object sign as contextual use of mufradat.

Does Embodiment in Virtual Reality Boost Learning Transfer? Testing an Immersion-Interactivity Framework

This study investigates the role of embodiment when learning a technical procedure in immersive virtual reality (VR) by introducing a framework based on immersion and interactivity. The goal is to determine how increasing the levels of immersion and interactivity affect learning experiences and outcomes. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, 177 high school students were assigned to one of four experimental conditions, varying levels of immersion (learning in immersive virtual reality wearing a head-mounted display (VR) vs. learning via a computer screen (PC)) and interactivity (directly manipulating objects using controllers/mouse and keyboard (congruent) vs. indirectly manipulating objects with a laser pointer to select a course of action (incidental)). The main outcome measure was a transfer task in which students were required to perform the task they had learned in the virtual environment using concrete objects in real life. Results demonstrated that students in the VR conditions experienced significantly higher levels of presence, agency, location, body ownership, and embodied learning compared to participants in the PC conditions. Additionally, students’ performance during the virtual lesson predicted their real-life transfer test. However, there were no significant effects of immersion or interactivity on any of the transfer measures. The results suggest that high immersion in VR can increase self-reported measures of presence, agency, location, body ownership, and embodied learning among students. However, increased embodiment—manipulated by adding immersion and congruent manipulation of objects did not improve transfer.

Navigating Memorability Landscapes: Hyperbolic Geometry Reveals Hierarchical Structures in Object Concept Memory.

Why are some object concepts (e.g., birds, cars, vegetables, etc.) more memorable than others? Prior studies have suggested that features (e.g., color, animacy, etc.) and typicality (e.g., robin vs. penguin) of object images influences the likelihood of being remembered. However, a complete understanding of object memorability remains elusive. In this study, we examine whether the geometric relationship between object concepts explains differences in their memorability. Specifically, we hypothesize that image concepts will be geometrically arranged in hierarchical structures and that memorability will be explained by a concept's depth in these hierarchical trees. To test this hypothesis, we construct a Hyperbolic representation space of object concepts (N=1,854) from the THINGS database (Hebart et al., 2019), which consists of naturalistic images of concrete objects, and a space of 49 feature dimensions derived from data-driven models. Using ALBATROSS (Stier, A. J., Giusti, C., & Berman, M. G., In prep), a stochastic topological data analysis technique that detects underlying structures of data, we demonstrate that Hyperbolic geometry efficiently captures the hierarchical organization of object concepts above and beyond a traditional Euclidean geometry and that hierarchical organization is related to memorability. We find that concepts closer to the center of the representational space are more prototypical and also more memorable. Importantly, Hyperbolic distances are more predictive of memorability and prototypicality than Euclidean distances, suggesting that concept memorability and typicality are organized hierarchically. Taken together, our work presents a novel hierarchical representational structure of object concepts that explains memorability and typicality.

시와 산문의 경계에서 얻은 체득적 깨달음의 실현 - 장영수의 시를 중심으로

The purpose of this paper is to examine the world of poetry by Jang Young-soo, a poet from Wonju who wrote the Chiak Mountain series of poems. There are two main reasons for paying attention to Jang Young-soo. One is that even though he was born in Wonju, he was omitted from the history of Wonju poetry, and the other is that his works were published in only 6 volumes of poetry published by ‘Moonji Publishing’. He is a poet who sang the local sentiments of Wonju in the central literary world while simultaneously writing and researching. The memories of childhood expressed in Jang Young-su's series of poems, “Chiak Mountain,” are filled with dark, gloomy light. At times, the speaker's wishes are revealed through the heard cries of the vulture and the chickadee, and at other times, it appears as a purified space of new birth as he hears the story of meeting his mother who ran away from home only after 30 years. Afterwards, the concrete object called “Chiak Mountain” changed to “hometown” and became an abstract language. Early on, his poetry attracted the attention of the literary world for its significant punctuation marks. Afterwards, he was unable to satisfactorily demonstrate his will and passion for creation and academics. However, he is a poet who tried to feel the tension as much as possible in the relationship between everyday language and poetic language. Therefore, I turn every moment I realize in my daily life into a work of poetry. In particular, the boundary between poetry and prose feels vague in works with a confessional tone, but his creation continues.

Analysis of the Use of Learning Media on the Learning Interest of Learning Science Students and Environmental Themes

Learning media is an important element in the educational process that affects the effectiveness of information delivery and student understanding. This study aims to analyze the use of science and technology learning media; analyze students' interest in learning about the use of science and technology learning media; and analyze the role of the use of learning media needed in science and science learning grade IV at Reban Elementary School, Reban District, Batang Regency. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method. The subjects of the study were 25 grade IV students at SD Negeri Reban. Data collection uses observation, interview, questionnaire and documentation techniques. This study uses a data validity technique in the form of a credibility test with technical triangulation. Through the analysis process of the Miles and Huberman Model, it was shown that the use of learning media applied in grade IV at SDN Reban included PPT, YouTube videos, Quizizz, concrete objects and media made using objects around it. The correct selection and use of media will affect students' interest in learning. Various kinds of learning media that have been applied in grade IV at SDN Reban have increased students' interest in learning. Behaviors that show student interest are feeling happy, feeling comfortable, paying attention to the teacher, being more active in learning, enthusiastic, taking notes on important things related to the material, and following lessons well and in an orderly manner. Learning media has succeeded in playing an important role in the learning process. The presence of learning media has a significant impact on learning, including making students enthusiastic; arousing students' interest; fostering motivation to learn; students become more active in learning; making it easier for students to understand the concept of the material; receive information more effectively and efficiently, overcome space and time limitations, and apply technology to students.

Altitude optimality boundary of two variants of large space debris removal to disposal orbits

The article considers the mission design problem for removal of large space debris objects from near-Earth orbits. It is assumed that a single active spacecraft-collector (SC) should de/re-orbit several objects. The upper planning level calls for a scenario that specifies the type of repeating operations of an SC. Despite the apparent diversity of these scenarios, they can be reduced to two variants of objects removal to disposal orbits (DOs). In variant I, transfers between objects are effected by an SC with detachable propulsion modules (PMs) onboard. Once the next-in-line object is captured, one module is accommodated on its surface, and, after demating, this PM ensures the relocation of the object to a DO. In variant II, the SC operates as a tug vehicle and transfers the object to DO on its own, and then returns to the next object.A reasonable choice of the removal variant depends on the SC launch mass which should be compared for the same number of de/re-orbited derelict targets. To this end, one should estimate the SC dry mass, the payload mass, and the SC propellant mass. Each of these three terms is nonlinear and depends explicitly on each other, the mass of the captured object, and on the SC maneuvers. Analytical models are proposed for estimation of the SC launch mass for each of the two removal variants. It is also shown that there exists an altitude optimality boundary (the radius of a spherical layer) above which the removal variant II is more advantageous than variant I. Such models are constructed based on several assumptions capable of breaking the iterative search of the SC launch mass.The position of the altitude optimality boundary depends on seven input parameters of the mission: the SC dry mass; the PM dry mass; the mass of the object, the required variation of the semi-major axis Δa to reach the DO, the number of objects removed by a single SC, the average ΔV for a transfer between two objects, and the effective exhaust velocity of SC main engine. In the present paper, four types of objects are considered: heavy and light LV stages in low orbits, upper stages in GEO and GNSS regions. By choosing concrete objects of study one can substantially reduce the solution space by excluding the impossible combinations of input data. By using the developed SC launch mass models, it is possible to formulate removal recommendations for concrete groups of space debris objects. These models were shown as being adequate on the examples of Elsa-M and MRV projects which are due to be implemented in the next one-two years.

Analisis Kuat Tekan Beton dengan Variasi Agregat Kasar Dicuci dan Tidak Dicuci

This research aims to determine the effect of washed coarse aggregate and unwashed coarse aggregate on the compressive strength of concrete. In this research, the method used was making concrete test objects in the laboratory of the Indonesian Technocrat University. This research was carried out on 8 cylindrical test objects measuring 15 x 30 cm. Of the 8 test objects made, 4 test objects used washed coarse aggregate and 4 test objects used unwashed coarse aggregate. The tests carried out were concrete compressive strength tests at concrete ages of 7, 14, 21 days. The results of the compressive strength of concrete with washed coarse aggregate, the results of conversion calculations for 28 consecutive days were 244.76 Kg/cm2, 212.19 Kg/cm2, 249.88 Kg/cm2, and 226.99 Kg/cm2. The results of the compressive strength of concrete with aggregate rough unwashed, the results of conversion calculations for 28 consecutive days were 229.64 Kg/cm2, 176.27 Kg/cm2, 179.05 Kg/cm2, and 185.86 Kg/cm2. Based on data from research that has been carried out, it can be seen that concrete that uses washed coarse aggregate material has a stronger compressive strength than concrete that uses unwashed coarse aggregate.

Combinatorics of semi-toric degenerations of Schubert varieties in type C

An approach to Schubert calculus is to realize Schubert classes as concrete combinatorial objects such as Schubert polynomials. Using the polytope ring of the Gelfand–Tsetlin polytopes, Kiritchenko–Smirnov–Timorin realized each Schubert class as a sum of reduced Kogan faces. The first named author introduced a generalization of reduced Kogan faces to symplectic Gelfand–Tsetlin polytopes using a semi-toric degeneration of a Schubert variety, and extended the result of Kiritchenko–Smirnov–Timorin to type C case. In this paper, we introduce a combinatorial model to this type C generalization using a kind of pipe dream with self-crossings. As an application, we prove that the type C generalization can be constructed by skew mitosis operators.

Improving Understanding of The Break of Triangle Concepts Through The Application of Bruner's Theory In Class IV Students of SDN 7 Kontunaga Kabupaten Muna

Bruner's learning theory is a teaching model developed based on a cognitive view of learning and constructivation where the contents of Bruner's theory is a student-centered learning approach with (1) an active stage; learning using concrete objects or real situations, (1) the iconic stage; presented in the form of visual images or images and (3) symbolic stages; write symbols related to symmetry of flat shapes, which are organized in such a way as to make students play an active role in learning. Students learn through active involvement with concepts and principles, and the teacher encourages students to gain experience by carrying out activities that enable them to discover concepts and principles for themselves. The purpose of this research is to improve understanding of the concept of the area of a triangle in class IV students at SDN 7 Kontunaga Kab. Muna through the Application of Bruner's Theory. The method used in this study was classroom action research by adapting the research design of Kemmis and Mc. Taggart. The research was conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages of activity namely, planning, action, observation, and reflectionthe source of the data in this study were research personnel consisting of students and teachers The collection of data in this study is quantitative data and qualitative data consisting of learning achievement tests, observation results and interview results. Based on research data with the application of Bruner's theory, satisfactory results were obtained, namely in the pre-action 12 students (66.66%) received a low score, 6 students (33.33%) received an adequate score, and no student (0 %) who got good grades. In cycle I, out of 18 students who took the formative test, students who scored above 7.0 were 11.11% (2 people) with an average score of 4.72. In cycle II this increased, namely all students had obtained the lowest score of 7.0 with an average value of 7.5 were 100%. it is concluded that learning the Application of Bruner's Theory can improve understanding of the concept of the area of a triangle in class IV students.

THE EFFECT OF USING CONCRETE MEDIA ON STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES IN SCIENCE LEARNING

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of Concrete Object Media on Student Learning Outcomes in Science Learning Class II SD Inpres 2 Kotaraya. The method used is a quasi experiment with the equivalent pretest-posttest design. The population in this study amounted to 28 students with a sample of 28 students. Sampling technique by means of saturated sampling. Class II A at Inpres 2 Kotaraya as the experimental class and class II B at Inpres 3 Kotaraya Elementary School as the control class. The learning outcome instrument is a multiple choice test that has been validated. Based on the results of the posttest given to the experimental and control classes, the average value of the control class pretest was 64.21 and the experimental class pretest was 61.35. The average posttest value in the control class was 73.85 and the experimental class was 88.78. The average value of the experimental posttest has increased from the average value of the pretest and this is reinforced by the results of the hypothesis test. Based on the results of the final hypothesis test, it was found that the significant value was 0.000 because the significant value obtained was <0.05, so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. The results showed that there was an effect of using concrete objects media on student learning outcomes in science learning Class II SD Inpres 2 Kotaraya.

The neural representation of body part concepts.

Neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies provide evidence for a degree of category-related organization of conceptual knowledge in the brain. Some of this evidence indicates that body part concepts are distinctly represented from other categories; yet, the neural correlates and mechanisms underlying these dissociations are unclear. We expand on the limited prior data by measuring functional magnetic resonance imaging responses induced by body part words and performing a series of analyses investigating the cortical representation of this semantic category. Across voxel-level contrasts, pattern classification, representational similarity analysis, and vertex-wise encoding analyses, we find converging evidence that the posterior middle temporal gyrus, the supramarginal gyrus, and the ventral premotor cortex in the left hemisphere play important roles in the preferential representation of this category compared to other concrete objects.

Penerapan Model PBL Berbantu Media Konkret untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Materi Satuan Panjang Kelas II SD Negeri Peterongan Semarang

The research in this paper aims to improve the learning outcomes of mathematics ateri unit length in class II SD Negeri Peterongan Semarang by applying the Problem Based Learning learning model assisted by concrete objects media. There were 19 students in grade II at SD Negeri Peterongan Semarang who became research subjects. This research was conducted using the Classroom Action research method which consists of Pre-Cycle, Cycle 1, and Cycle 2. This cycle consists of 4 stages, namely the planning stage, the action implementation stage, the observation stage, and the reflection stage. This study uses data collection techniques by conducting learning outcomes tests. From the results of the study revealed that second grade students of SD Negeri Peterongan Semarang achieved better learning outcomes when applying the PBL model assisted by concrete objects media. In cycle I, the acquisition of the percentage of learning completeness was 79% with an average score of 75.84 In cycle II, the percentage of learning experienced a significant increase of 89% with an average score of 80.84. This shows that there is an increase in the percentage of completeness by 10% and an increase in the average score by 5.0. So, it can be concluded that the PBL model assisted by concrete objects can improve the learning outcomes of mathematics unit length material in class II SD Negeri Peterongan Semarang.

Zero-shot urban function inference with street view images through prompting a pretrained vision-language model

Inferring urban functions using street view images (SVIs) has gained tremendous momentum. The recent prosperity of large-scale vision-language pretrained models sheds light on addressing some long-standing challenges in this regard, for example, heavy reliance on labeled samples and computing resources. In this paper, we present a novel prompting framework for enabling the pretrained vision-language model CLIP to effectively infer fine-grained urban functions with SVIs in a zero-shot manner, that is, without labeled samples and model training. The prompting framework UrbanCLIP comprises an urban taxonomy and several urban function prompt templates, in order to (1) bridge the abstract urban function categories and concrete urban object types that can be readily understood by CLIP, and (2) mitigate the interference in SVIs, for example, street-side trees and vehicles. We conduct extensive experiments to verify the effectiveness of UrbanCLIP. The results indicate that the zero-shot UrbanCLIP largely surpasses several competitive supervised baselines, e.g. a fine-tuned ResNet, and its advantages become more prominent in cross-city transfer tests. In addition, UrbanCLIP’s zero-shot performance is considerably better than the vanilla CLIP. Overall, UrbanCLIP is a simple yet effective framework for urban function inference, and showcases the potential of foundation models for geospatial applications.

앱솔루트보드카 시티시리즈에 나타난 도시정체성 특성 연구

In the era of city competition, value and role of visualized city identity is getting bigger. The study aims to methods for building and visualizing city identities through city series advertisement campaign by Sweden Absolut bodka brand to make premium image. The study is done by literature research and case study. Absolut releases creative advertisements to break up Russian low-graded image of bodka for penetration toward US market. City series ads of Absolut combining unique bottle shape and symbolic images of cities help to build premium brand image and penetrate global market. Images of cities represented on ads can be categorized as landmark. symbolic objects, historical events, representative artists, city culture, national objects, While ads using concrete objects such as architecture and product can be understood easily, ads using history and culture require higher leveled visual metaphor. Absolut ads show the diversity of city identies and importance of visual communication using creative expression. In order to build city identities effectively, collaboration with consumer brand and creative expression are required.

Text-to-Image Generation for Abstract Concepts

Recent years have witnessed the substantial progress of large-scale models across various domains, such as natural language processing and computer vision, facilitating the expression of concrete concepts. Unlike concrete concepts that are usually directly associated with physical objects, expressing abstract concepts through natural language requires considerable effort since they are characterized by intricate semantics and connotations. An alternative approach is to leverage images to convey rich visual information as a supplement. Nevertheless, existing Text-to-Image (T2I) models are primarily trained on concrete physical objects and often struggle to visualize abstract concepts. Inspired by the three-layer artwork theory that identifies critical factors, intent, object and form during artistic creation, we propose a framework of Text-to-Image generation for Abstract Concepts (TIAC). The abstract concept is clarified into a clear intent with a detailed definition to avoid ambiguity. LLMs then transform it into semantic-related physical objects, and the concept-dependent form is retrieved from an LLM-extracted form pattern set. Information from these three aspects will be integrated to generate prompts for T2I models via LLM. Evaluation results from human assessments and our newly designed metric concept score demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework in creating images that can sufficiently express abstract concepts.

Ovicidal Effect of Disinvasive Substances on the Eggs of Nematodiroses Causative Agents

The article deals with the study of the disinvasive effects of various percentage solutions of chemical substances on the eggs of nematodes in cattle under in vitro conditions. Based on the results obtained during the experiments, carried out under in vitro conditions it was found that 3.0% and 5.0% solutions of the deltatrine preparation destroy nematode eggs by 100%, and 3.0% and 5.0% solutions of the citrine preparation by 72.2-80.0%. In a concrete test object, with a 3-hour exposure, helminth eggs (1200 eggs) were destroyed by 100% from the impact of a 3.0% deltathrine preparation, by 63.6% from the impact of a 3.0% citrine solution (800 eggs), and by 58.3% from the impact of 4.0% phenol (700 eggs). Also on a wooden test object, with a 3-hour exposure, helminth eggs (1200 eggs) were destroyed by 100% from the impact of 3.0% deltathrine preparation, by 58.3% from the impact of a 3.0% citrine (700 eggs), and by 63.6% from the impact of 4.0% phenol solutions (600 eggs). For control purposes, ordinary water was added to the helminth eggs, and no decrease in their number was detected. At the next stage, having isolated them from other areas, 4 plots of 1 m2 each were allocated. For the purpose of the experiment, 93.3% of eggs died on a plot sprayed with a 3.0% solution of the deltatrine preparation, 66.7% of eggs died on a plot sprayed with a 3.0% solution of the citrine preparation, and 60.0% of eggs died on a plot sprayed with a 4.0% solution of phenol. Since under in vitro conditions, due to the direct effect of disinvasive substances on Nematodirus eggs, the eggs die quickly, however, in test objects, due to the fact that the eggs are mixed with feces on an area of 1 m2, the duration of action of chemicals increases, and the percentage of destruction of helminth eggs decreases.

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Math Pop-Up Book Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Materi Balok dan Kubus

Education has an important role in the process of developing students' potential, with special emphasis on the role of mathematics, especially the subject matter of flat-sided geometric figures. The importance of learning media that is interesting and easy to understand has become a major concern. In this case, it is recommended that Pop-Up Books be created as media that have 3D dimensions to increase student participation during learning activities, which focus on cubes and blocks, which is one of the discussions on flat-sided shapes in class VIII SMP/MTs. This Research and Development research uses the ADDIE model. During the development process, validity is carried out by media experts and material experts. Math Pop-Up Book is a 3D educational tool whose validity, practicality and effectiveness have been tested for application in education, especially mathematics subjects which require concrete objects for visualization, and students also show a positive response to this media. The results of the research show that this media, especially in the material of cubes and blocks, can bring changes to student learning outcomes so that they can experience improvements compared to before. N-Gain analysis shows that the increase from pretest to posttest carried out by students is quite significant. Therefore, creating Math Pop-Up Book media can be considered a fun innovation and makes it easier for students to understand the material.

The role of representations constructed by students in learning how to solve the transportation problem

The purpose of the research presented in this paper was to study the role of concrete and table representations created by students in learning how to solve an optimization problem called the transportation problem. This topic was learned in collaborative groups using table representations suggested by teachers in 2021. In 2022, the researchers decided to enrich the students’ learning environment with concrete objects and urged the students to use them to present the problem to be solved. The students did it successfully and, to be able to record it in their notebooks, they constructed a table representation by themselves without any help from their teacher. After that, they managed to solve the problem by manipulating the objects. At the same time, each step in the solution was presented with changes in the table. The students were assessed before (pre-test) and after collaborative learning (test) in both academic years. The pre-test results were similar, but the test results were better in 2022. Therefore, it can be concluded that using concrete and table representations constructed by students in learning how to solve transportation problems makes collaborative learning more constructivist and more effective than when they use only table representations suggested by their teachers. Subject Classification: 97M10, 97M40