Concrete Instructions Research Articles

Promising behavior change techniques for climate-friendly behavior change - a systematic review.

Besides societal and governmental actions to mitigate greenhouse gases, individual behavioral changes are also urgently needed to limit global temperature rise. However, these individual changes have proven to be difficult to achieve in the general population. We conducted a systematic review in five electronic databases with the aim of systematically depicting the content of interventions that promote climate-friendly behavior in individuals and households in high- and upper-middle-income countries. We included 25 studies. The analyses included identification of the used Behavior Change Techniques (BCTs) and comparison of their promise ratio. Across our three outcome categories energy consumption, water consumption, and mobility the most frequently used BCT categories are not the ones that are most promising in terms of behavior change. Based on these results, our recommendation for climate change mitigation interventions is to include components that provide concrete instructions on how to perform the desired behavior (shaping knowledge), setting goals and commitments (goals and planning), substituting undesired behavior, and practicing desired behavior (repetition and substitution). Other reviews with similar aims use different wordings, definitions, or degrees of detail in their intervention component labelling which makes it difficult to compare the results. We recommend to use a standardized classification system, like the BCT taxonomy in combination with the promise ratio, which this study has shown to be a suitable tool to classify applied intervention techniques and give an indication of successful techniques.

Feasibility of ADappt: towards personalized communication and prediction in early Alzheimer’s disease in memory clinics

AbstractBackgroundADappt is a Web‐based toolkit (www.ADappt.health) to support personalized communication and prediction in memory clinics. In the context of an iterative development process with professionals, patients, and care partners, we assessed feasibility, satisfaction, and usability of ADappt in the clinical workflow.MethodWe conducted a feasibility pilot in four Dutch memory clinics. Three neurologists, one geriatrician, two specialized nurses and two medical doctors (12±7y clinical experience) participated and recruited 21 patients (69±8yrs, 19%F) and 21 care partners (60±15yrs, 81%F). For professionals, ADappt‐modules comprised a 1) topic list, 2) shared decision‐making conversation guide, 3) overview of diagnostic tests, and 4) risk calculation tool. Prior to their visit, patients and care partners were informed about ADappt‐patient tools: 1) educational video‐animations, and 2) question prompt list. All participants completed questionnaires on feasibility, satisfaction, and usability after the first (n = 17) and/or the disclosure (n = 7) consultation. Professionals were interviewed afterward.ResultProfessionals reported good usability (68±14, range 50‐83, System Usability Scale, 0‐100) and high satisfaction (71±10, range 50‐85, scale 0‐100). They most often used the overview of diagnostic tests (67%) and reported this module as most helpful (3.8±0.4, range 3‐4, scale 1‐5). Patients and care partners were highly satisfied with the clinician‐patient consultations in general (81±14, range 50‐100, Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire, scale 0‐100). Of those who reported to know and have used the patient tools (54%), 97% would recommend them, whereby most used the question prompt list (84%) and a smaller proportion the video‐animations (64%). Recommendations from the interviews to improve feasibility include: 1) the development of more concrete instructions for professionals on how to use ADappt, and 2) a better alignment of patient tools with the patient journey and general information provided by that particular memory clinic.ConclusionStakeholders reported good usability and high satisfaction regarding ADappt. Points of attention to foster feasibility in the clinical workflow are: 1) improved training for professionals and 2) improving the accessibility of patient tools. We take these matters into account while preparing for the next step: a prospective validation study in the memory clinic setting to study the influence of ADappt on patient satisfaction.

S2k guideline diagnosis, prevention, and therapy of hand eczema.

The consensus-based guideline "Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of hand eczema (HE)" provides concrete instructions and recommendations for diagnosis, prevention, and therapy of HE based on an evidence- and consensus-based approach. The guideline was created based on the German guideline "Management von Handekzemen" from 2009 and the current guideline of the European Society of Contact Dermatitis (ESCD) "Guidelines for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of hand eczema" from 2022. The general goal of the guideline is to provide dermatologists and allergologists in practice and clinics with an accepted, evidence-based decision-making tool for selecting and conducting suitable and sufficient therapy for patients with hand eczema. The guideline is based on two Cochrane reviews of therapeutic and preventive interventions for HE. The remaining chapters were mainly developed and consented based on non-systematic literature research by the expert group. The expert group consisted of members of allergological and occupational dermatological professional associations and working groups, a patient representative, and methodologists. The proposals for recommendations and key statements were consented by using a nominal group process during a consensus conference on September 15, 2022. The structured consensus-building process was professionally moderated. This guideline is valid until February 22, 2028.

“The Intellect is the Essence of the Human”: The Arabic Poem of the Intellect (Qaṣīdat al-ʿAql) by the Indian Fatimid-Ṭayyibī Dāʿī al-Muṭlaq Sayyidna Taher Saifuddin (1888–1965)

Abstract The 177-verse Arabic Poem of the Intellect (Qaṣīdat al-ʿAql) composed by the Indian Fatimid-Ṭayyibī Dāʿī al-Muṭlaq Sayyidna Taher Saifuddin (d. 1385/1965) breaks new ground in substance and form. In form, the poem creatively amalgamates the genres of qaṣīdah (poem), risālah (treatise), and waṣiyyah (testament) to produce an eloquent and innovative hybrid text. In content, it uniquely combines a philosophical exposition on Islamic theology and ethics with a road map to living a Pure Life. After an opening frame that provides a philosophical foundation, the poem’s three large thematic sections draw on the Qurʾan, the Prophet’s Hadith, and the sermons of Imam ʿAlī to describe principles of belief and approach, articles of character and deeds, and the grounding of both—abstract philosophy and concrete instructions—in love for and allegiance to the divine guides, the Imams and Dāʿīs, who are “God’s rope.” It has a gentle tone, preaching harmony between all people on earth, tranquility in one’s life, cheerfulness and positivity, and an atmosphere of love and caring. The closing section brings the poet directly into the frame of reference, stating that he, as the incumbent Dāʿī, is himself the manifestation of God’s rope in the current time, and those who follow his guidance will return to Paradise. The present article provides a window into Sayyidna Taher Saifuddin’s remarkable poem, translating and analyzing it against the backdrop of Fatimid and Ṭayyibī theological works and, briefly, the colonial and post-colonial fabric of early 20th century India, to explore a significant and largely unknown chapter of Arabic poetry.

Promoting self-assessment of psychomotor skills in ASN students through peer mentoring and deliberate practice

Nursing schools throughout the country are faced with many challenges. Nursing faculty numbers are dwindling and current student traits are changing, affecting the way they learn and comprehend. Nursing faculty must be able to provide rigorous and effective clinical learning opportunities that are effective for today's nursing student. AimIn an effort to meet this goal, faculty implemented an innovative educational intervention allowing the students to record their first semester skills evaluations for instructor viewing instead of performing face-to-face. MethodStudents were allowed practice time and given a rubric and concrete instructions on recording their videos that would include teamwork, civility, integrity, and accountability. ResultsThe students required a stair-step method approach as some had difficulty grasping the entire process. There were a variety of challenges for both students and faculty that caused tremendous amounts of anxiety and frustration. ConclusionIn theory, this innovation aligned with literature review findings and Earl's Model, but going forward, would recommend this process for more advanced nursing students, who were not in their first semester of nursing school.

Preparing VET Students in Vocational Education for Affective Involvement in a Value Conflict: Practicing Affective Perceptual Awareness

ABSTRACT Students in vocational education and training (VET) need to be prepared for coping with value conflicts they will face in their professional lives. Development of awareness of one’s feelings is an essential aspect in this regard. Students need to be aware of their own inner feelings to decrease the unconscious influence of inner feelings on their actions in a value conflict. The purpose of this study is to contribute to a theoretical and practical basis for the design of affective learning experiences aimed to elicit VET students’ receptivity to inner self-exploration of their feelings and values. Students were put in an affective learning experience. Three groups of first- and second-year VET students (N = 36) participated in the affective learning experience. Most students did start to self-explore their feelings. However, our findings showed that they did not arrive at affective perceptual awareness. According to the students, deepening inner self-exploration into one’s own feelings and values can be stimulated by paying explicit attention to inner feelings, concrete instructions, room for reciprocal exchanges between students and the teacher’s participation in sharing inner feelings.

Ambulante Pflege in den ersten beiden Wellen der COVID-19-Pandemie: Herausforderungen für Personal und Pflegebedürftige

ZusammenfassungEinleitungIn der COVID-19-Pandemie zählen Pflegebedürftige zu den besonders vulnerablen Bevölkerungsgruppen. Ambulante Pflegedienste befanden sich gerade zu Beginn der Pandemie in einer Ausnahmesituation. In dieser Arbeit sollen die Situation und die Probleme der Pflegedienste und der versorgten Pflegebedürftigen in den ersten beiden Wellen der Pandemie in Deutschland untersucht werden.MethodenWährend der ersten beiden COVID-19-Wellen wurden zwei Querschnittstudien durchgeführt (erste Befragung: 28.04.–12.05.2020, zweite Befragung: 12.01.–07.02.2021). Insgesamt wurden Daten aus N = 1029 ambulanten Pflegediensten in die Analyse einbezogen. Die Analyse erfolgte anhand deskriptiver Maßzahlen.ErgebnisseDie Klient:innen von Pflegediensten waren in den ersten beiden Wellen der Pandemie stark belastet. Dies zeigt sich einerseits an einem erhöhten Erkrankungsrisiko und einer erhöhten Mortalität und andererseits am Wegfall verschiedener Versorgungs- und Unterstützungsangebote. Letzteres hat z. B. auch negative Auswirkungen auf die psychosoziale Verfassung der Pflegebedürftigen. Die Pflegedienste waren von hohen Personalausfällen und zusätzlicher Arbeit durch Schutzmaßnahmen betroffen.DiskussionDie COVID-19-Pandemie führte zu großen Belastungen von Pflegebedürftigen und ambulanten Pflegediensten und zu einer Reduzierung der Versorgungsangebote. Die Verschlechterung der Versorgung traf auf eine bereits angespannte Situation. Es zeigt sich, dass die Versorgung Pflegebedürftiger durch ambulante Pflegedienste nicht krisensicher gestaltet ist und dass zusätzliche Herausforderungen wie die einer Pandemie dramatische Folgen haben können. Zukünftig sollte es verlässliche Strukturen und schnell verfügbare Notfallpläne mit konkreten Handlungsanweisungen geben.

European guidelines on heart failure: pharmacotherapy

The new 2021 guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) have broken with the old step by step treatment of heart failure and have fundamentally revised the strategy in the pharmacotherapy setting. For patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction ≤ 40%, the 4 substance groups angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors/angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI), beta blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) and sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are now recommended as early as possible after diagnosis. Completing the substance groups has priority over increasing the dosage of the individual substances. This makes it necessary to rethink current clinical practice, especially as the guidelines are reluctant to give concrete instructions for implementation.

An analysis of approximation algorithms for iterated stochastic integrals and a Julia and Matlab simulation toolbox

For the approximation and simulation of twofold iterated stochastic integrals and the corresponding Lévy areas w.r.t. a multi-dimensional Wiener process, we review four algorithms based on a Fourier series approach. Especially, the very efficient algorithm due to Wiktorsson and a newly proposed algorithm due to Mrongowius and Rößler are considered. To put recent advances into context, we analyse the four Fourier-based algorithms in a unified framework to highlight differences and similarities in their derivation. A comparison of theoretical properties is complemented by a numerical simulation that reveals the order of convergence for each algorithm. Further, concrete instructions for the choice of the optimal algorithm and parameters for the simulation of solutions for stochastic (partial) differential equations are given. Additionally, we provide advice for an efficient implementation of the considered algorithms and incorporated these insights into an open source toolbox that is freely available for both Julia and Matlab programming languages. The performance of this toolbox is analysed by comparing it to some existing implementations, where we observe a significant speed-up.

Research Software vs. Research Data II: Protocols for Research Data dissemination and evaluation in the Open Science context.

Background: Open Science seeks to render research outputs visible, accessible and reusable. In this context, Research Data and Research Software sharing and dissemination issues provide real challenges to the scientific community, as consequence of recent progress in political, legal and funding requirements. Methods: We take advantage from the approach we have developed in a precedent publication, in which we have highlighted the similarities between the Research Data and Research Software definitions. Results: The similarities between Research Data and Research Software definitions can be extended to propose protocols for Research Data dissemination and evaluation derived from those already proposed for Research Software dissemination and evaluation. We also analyze FAIR principles for these outputs. Conclusions: Our proposals here provide concrete instructions for Research Data and Research Software producers to make them more findable and accessible, as well as arguments to choose suitable dissemination platforms to complete the FAIR framework. Future work could analyze the potential extension of this parallelism to other kinds of research outputs that are disseminated under similar conditions to those of Research Data and Research Software, that is, without widely accepted publication procedures involving editors or other external actors and where the dissemination is usually restricted through the hands of the production team.

Multi-Stakeholder Research Data Management Training as a Tool to Improve the Quality, Integrity, Reliability and Reproducibility of Research

To ensure the quality and integrity of data and the reliability of research, data must be well documented, organised, and described. This calls for research data management (RDM) education for researchers. In light of 3 ECTS Basics of Research Data Management (BRDM) courses held between 2019 and 2021, we aim to find how a generic level multi-stakeholder training can improve STEM and HSS disciplines’ doctoral students’ and postdoc researchers’ competencies in RDM. The study uses quantitative, descriptive and inferential statistics to analyse respondents’ self-ratings of their competencies, and a qualitative grounded theory-inspired approach to code and analyse course participants’ feedback. Results: On average, based on the post-course surveys, respondents’ (n = 123) competencies improved one point on a four-level scale, from “little competence” (2) to “somewhat competent” (3). Participants also reported that the training would change their current practices in planning research projects, data management and documentation, acknowledging legal and data privacy viewpoints, and data collecting and organising. Participants indicated that it would be helpful to see legal and data privacy principles and regulations presented as concrete instructions, cases, and examples. The most requested continuing education topics were metadata and description, discipline specific cultures, and backup, version management, and storage. Conclusions: Regarding to the widely used criteria for successful training containing 1) active participation during training; 2) demand for RDM training; 3) increased participants’ knowledge and understanding of RDM and confidence in enacting RDM practices; and 4) positive post-training feedback, BRDM meets the criteria. This study shows that although reaching excellent competence in a RDM basics training is improbable, participants become aware of RDM and its contents and gain the elementary tools and basic skills to begin applying sound RDM practices in their research. Furthermore, participants are introduced to the academic and research support professionals and vice versa: Stakeholders will get to know the challenges that young researchers and research students encounter when applying RDM. The study reveals valuable information on doctoral students’ and postdoc researchers’ competencies, the impact of education on competencies, and further learning needs in RDM.

Research Software vs. Research Data II: Protocols for Research Data dissemination and evaluation in the Open Science context.

Background: Open Science seeks to render research outputs visible, accessible and reusable. In this context, Research Data and Research Software sharing and dissemination issues provide real challenges to the scientific community, as consequence of recent progress in political, legal and funding requirements. Methods: We take advantage from the approach we have developed in a precedent publication, in which we have highlighted the similarities between the Research Data and Research Software definitions. Results: The similarities between Research Data and Research Software definitions can be extended to propose protocols for Research Data dissemination and evaluation derived from those already proposed for Research Software dissemination and evaluation. We also analyze FAIR principles for these outputs. Conclusions: Our proposals here provide concrete instructions for Research Data and Research Software producers to make them more findable and accessible, as well as arguments to choose suitable dissemination platforms to complete the FAIR framework. Future work could analyze the potential extension of this parallelism to other kinds of research outputs that are disseminated under similar conditions to those of Research Data and Research Software, that is, without widely accepted publication procedures involving editors or other external actors and where the dissemination is usually restricted through the hands of the production team.

SOSIALISASI PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM EKSPRESI BUDAYA TRADISIONAL SENI UKIR TULANG DI DESA TAMPAKSIRING KABUPATEN GIANYAR

The purpose of this service is to be able to realize legal awareness about the importance of legal protection for works of bone carving art in Tampaksiring Village as a hereditary creation idea that exists in the community. The results of local carving crafts have even become icons of the creative industry supporting Bali tourism. The target of the service is aimed at the group of bone carving artisans in Tampaksiring Village, Gianyar Regency, which is currently in the process of fostering creative economy efforts in the tourism sector by the government. An understanding of the importance of protecting a copyrighted work containing a hereditary heritage as a cultural expression of intellectual property rights must be known by craftsmen. The important target set is directed at legal awareness of copyrighted works to start immediately in order to avoid plagiarism and their unique bone carving art designs by irresponsible parties. The lecture, discussion and question and answer methods as well as direct coaching by providing concrete instructions in registering works are the core of this community service. The realization of the service received a positive response with the presence of craftsmen regarding the registration of their copyrighted works so as to facilitate follow-up in realizing the protection of intellectual property rights as stipulated in Law no. 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright.
 Keywords: Socialization, Legal Awareness, Legal Protection, Traditional Cultural Expression

Dual-Use Quickscan: A Web-Based Tool to Assess the Dual-Use Potential of Life Science Research.

Research on pathogenic organisms is crucial for medical, biological and agricultural developments. However, biological agents as well as associated knowledge and techniques, can also be misused, for example for the development of biological weapons. Potential malicious use of well-intended research, referred to as “dual-use research”, poses a threat to public health and the environment. There are various international resources providing frameworks to assess dual-use potential of the research concerned. However, concrete instructions for researchers on how to perform a dual-use risk assessment is largely lacking. The international need for practical dual-use monitoring and risk assessment instructions, in addition to the need to raise awareness among scientists about potential dual-use aspects of their research has been identified over the last years by the Netherlands Biosecurity Office, through consulting national and international biorisk stakeholders. We identified that Biorisk Management Advisors and researchers need a practical tool to facilitate a dual-use assessment on their specific research. Therefore, the Netherlands Biosecurity Office developed a web-based Dual-Use Quickscan (www.dualusequickscan.com), that can be used periodically by researchers working with microorganisms to assess potential dual-use risks of their research by answering a set of fifteen yes/no questions. The questions for the tool were extracted from existing international open resources, and categorized into three themes: characteristics of the biological agent, knowledge and technology about the biological agent, and consequences of misuse. The results of the Quickscan provide the researcher with an indication of the dual-use potential of the research and can be used as a basis for further discussions with a Biorisk Management Advisor. The Dual-Use Quickscan can be embedded in a broader system of biosafety and biosecurity that includes dual-use monitoring and awareness within organizations. Increased international attention to examine pathogens with pandemic potential has been enhanced by the current COVID-19 pandemic, hence monitoring of dual-use potential urgently needs to be encouraged.

Safety Planning for Suicidality in Autism: Obstacles, Potential Solutions, and Future Directions.

Safety Planning for Suicidality in Autism: Obstacles, Potential Solutions, and Future Directions.

The Era of Emergency Relocation: A Transcontextual Perspective

As increasing numbers of people are displaced from their homes by war, poverty, and ecological necessity, immigration and the so-called ‘refugee crisis’ have become a heated political topic. The rhetoric has become dualistic and is fueling a polarity of discussion that is locking individuals and communities into stances of either “for” or “against,” pro or anti, incoming refugees. The discourse is consequently dividing communities around the world into ideological groupings of nationalistic or globalized visions of the future. This article seeks to go beyond the binary and expand the conversation by bringing a more complex picture of the issue into view. Introducing the notion of transcontextual description to the immigration and refugee discourse is an attempt to hold back the tendencies of us/them reductionism and reframe the conversation of what the possibilities are for responding. Using a transcontextual approach, this article zooms in on institutional contexts as they relate to immigration, and then zooms out to look at the larger interception of these contexts in a new light. The institutions that form societal and global structures are forming interdependency that is similar to an ecology. These institutions include economics, culture, politics, history, family and more. The implications of this process are not described in concrete instructions on how to solve the refugee crisis, but rather to offer a pattern through which to generate conversation that will lead to an entirely new set of questions. Collaborative inter-institutional research at the community level is suggested to generate possibilities as they are found within the natural complexity of the situation.

The relationship between the application and effects of science and its influencing factors: an empirical study in northern China

ABSTRACT Science plays an important role in various types of public and environmental policy and governance. People often intuitively assume that higher extents (amount) of the application of science-based measures must lead to increased effects of science application. Based on an empirical case study of desertification control in northern China, however, this study found that the relationship between the extent and effect of scientific application followed a cubic rather than a simplified linear relationship and was influenced by a set of factors, including biophysical conditions, science itself, interactions between organizations and social actors, and other supporting elements (such as financial, technical, institutional, and moral or spiritual support). The study also developed a framework for analyzing factors that influence the extents and effects of scientific application and the deviation between the two. These findings provide concrete instructions for both policy-makers and practitioners to improve the effect of scientific application in public and environmental governance at both local and international levels.

‘Are we famous or something?’ Participatory Health Research with children using photovoice

ABSTRACT Photovoice is a child-friendly method used in Participatory Health Research (PHR) to put children in a subject position to drive the research and social change. Little is known about the actual experiences of doing photovoice related to health issues in a primary school context regulated by adults. The purpose of this article is to explore how children’s voices can be genuinely taken into account in research and social change, and what the potentials and tensions are when using photovoice in schools. We present a case example of a PHR with primary school children using photovoice, and will focus on the lessons learned. Participating children were eager to tell their photostories, proud of their achievements, and felt ‘seen’ by adults, expressed in the phrase ‘Are we famous or something?’ Playful activities and concrete instructions helped children to create their own narrative. For the development of the children’s critical consciousness reflexive participatory actions and photo-elicitation were crucial. Their visuals prompted discussion and led to actions and plans taking into account their perspectives. Tensions included the struggle to find a right balance between guidance and control, protection and respect for autonomy and preset system requirements. Reflexivity and creativity are required to handle such tensions.

Interventions to improve the quality of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A systematic review.

BackgroundPerforming high-quality bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) improves the clinical outcomes of victims with sudden cardiac arrest. Thus far, no systematic review has been performed to identify interventions associated with improved bystander CPR quality.MethodsWe searched Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, EBSCO CINAHL, Ovid PsycInfo, Thomson Reuters SCI-EXPANDED, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to retrieve studies published from 1 January 1966 to 5 October 2018 associated with interventions that could improve the quality of bystander CPR. Data regarding participant characteristics, interventions, and design and outcomes of included studies were extracted.ResultsOf the initially identified 2,703 studies, 42 were included. Of these, 32 were randomized controlled trials. Participants included adults, high school students, and university students with non-medical professional majors. Interventions improving bystander CPR quality included telephone dispatcher-assisted CPR (DA-CPR) with simplified or more concrete instructions, compression-only CPR, and other on-scene interventions, such as four-hand CPR for elderly rescuers, kneel on opposite sides for two-person CPR, and CPR with heels for a tired rescuer. Devices providing real-time feedback and mobile devices containing CPR applications or software were also found to be beneficial in improving the quality of bystander CPR. However, using mobile devices for improving CPR quality or for assisting DA-CPR might cause rescuers to delay starting CPR.ConclusionsTo further improve the clinical outcomes of victims with cardiac arrest, these effective interventions may be included in the guidelines for bystander CPR.

Open-data-driven embeddable quality management services for map-based web applications

ABSTRACTVarious map-centered web services facilitate citizens’ lives. Web-map applications exist for many years already. Due to simplification and improvement of technologies supporting WebGIS, map-based services become more popular and important nowadays. Data quality assurance for such services is a significant challenge. Since many of such applications intensively use open data, approaches focused on open solutions are required. This work proposes a data-quality concept, which is based on intrinsic and comparable approaches. OpenStreetMap (OSM) allows intrinsic data evaluation. Moreover, it is used as a reference dataset for quality assessment of public-sector-information Open Data layers. Equidistant point (EDP)-based statistics enables to filter out low-quality Open Data features. A data-type model carries out the inventory of OSM data. The comparison of raster web-map tile file sizes and calculation of a simplified data quality indicator make it possible to specify acceptable data quality levels. Embeddable instances of quality assurance web services incorporate data features with acceptable quality. This work provides all required software and data for the deployment of such services under liberal licenses. Concrete instructions allow users to adopt the proposed solutions for their platforms. Some generic use cases illustrate the advantages of the introduced shared web services.