Concrete Guarantees Research Articles

The Influence of Recycled Materials on Cold Mix with Foamed Bitumen Properties.

The utilization of recycled materials is an important issue in the context of environmental protection. The large amounts of recycled material recovered from the demolition of asphalt road structures indicate the need to find new ways of utilizing them. In the case of road renovation projects, large amounts of recycled materials are, in most cases, recovered in the form of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), reclaimed concrete (RC) and recycled aggregate (RA). To focus on the effects of the use of recovered materials (RAP, RC and RA), the same composition was used for all of the analyzed mixtures in terms of foamed bitumen (FB) and Portland cement (CEM) content. The scope of laboratory tests included the specification of the following parameters: the amount of air void content Vm, the determination of axial compression strength at +25 °C, indirect tensile strength (ITS) at +25 °C, water resistance, TSR, water and frost resistance, WRW+M stiffness modulus (IT-CY) at 13 °C, dynamic dynamicmodulus. The plan of the experiment assumed addition recycled material in quantities between 20% and 80% in increments of 20%. The obtained results indicate that both the type and quantity of recycled material significantly affect the properties of the cold-recycled mixture with foamed bitumen. Using reclaimed asphalt pavement and recycled cement concrete guarantees high levels of stiffness in the recycled mixture. Howeverin the case of recycled aggregate, the authors did not observe any visible changes in the dynamicdynamic modulus, irrespective of the loading conditions. It was also indicated that it is necessary to reduce the quantity of reclaimed asphalt pavement in the composition of the FB-RCM mix to maintain the required air void content.

Afghanistan Peace Process: From Terrible Times to Glimpse of Hope

The potential of peace as of now is resting on four pillars of proposed peace deal which include ceasefire, counter-terrorism, troop withdrawal and intra-Afghan negotiations. Appointment of former Taliban commander Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar as chief negotiator to lead the peace process on behalf of Afghan Taliban is a sigh of relief. His influence over Taliban’s of Afghanistan being the most respected leader after former Mullah Umer is without any doubt an important endeavor to forestall challenges to lasting peace. This paper makes the point that sustainability of peace process in Afghanistan is vested on the foundations of trust between Taliban and United States, which due to prevailing geo-political conditions is less likely to achieve. The fundamental demand of the Taliban has been withdrawal of the US troops, whereas the Americans have never demanded concrete guarantees from Taliban since they have been called terrorists from the very beginning. The draft of the proposed deal had reflected US demand as denying safe heaven to non-state actors that Taliban themselves would like to ensure. Taking the lead from geopolitical landscape of Afghanistan, this study had undertaken an analysis from the failures of previous peace dialogues to reflect insights on the ongoing peace talk between Taliban and United States. The study is deductive in nature and has applied Regional Complex Security Theory of Barry Buzan with subjective interpretations to delve upon the parameters associated with the complications of Afghan peace process.

Minilateral security's relevance to US strategy in the Indo-Pacific: challenges and prospects

ABSTRACTThe Indo-Pacific region's security landscape is unfolding in highly uncertain and potentially explosive ways. The postwar American-led network of bilateral alliances – underpinned by concrete guarantees of extended deterrence and containment – is now yielding to a more diverse set of alignments and coalitions to manage an increasingly complex array of regional security issues. Multilateralism and minilateralism have emerged as two increasingly prominent forms of such cooperation. Minilateralism's informality and flexibility appeals to those who are sceptical about multilateralism's traditional focus on norm adherence and community-building even as great power competition in the Indo-Pacific is sharply intensifying. However, minilateralism's track record in the region is underdeveloped. The potential for this policy approach to be applied by the United States and its regional security partners as an enduring and credible means of diplomatic and security collaboration in the region will remain unfulfilled as long as the Trump administration's own geopolitical orientation remains uncertain.

The Texts and Subjects of Automediality

Sidonie Smith and Julia Watson, in their field defining work Reading Autobiography, offer an etymological cue that summarises the prevailing use and perception of autobiographical work: "in Greek, autos denotes 'self,' bios 'life,' and graphe 'writing.' Taken together in this order, the words self life writing offer a brief definition of the autobiography" (1). If "autobiography" has denoted a way to write the self from the location of the self, automediality points to the range of media forms and technologies through which people engage in digital, visual, filmic, performative, textual, and transmediated forms of documenting, constructing and presenting the self.

Domestic violence and human rights. An anthropological view

Over the past forty years domestic violence has evolved from a taboo subject, regarded as a private or family matter, into a health and legal global problem which is fiercely debated. According to feminist scholars and legal anthropologist, although the existence of appropriate legislation is a positive steps, yet the laws offer not concrete guarantee. In paying a special attention to the major connection between domestic violence and human rights, the paper will try and discuss the anthropological interpretation of current data, juridical aspects and outcomes of fieldwork carried out in Italy, Kerala (South-India), Tanzania and Zambia.

Gain-scheduled control via filtered scheduling parameters

Gain-scheduled control via LPV system models enjoys LMI-based synthesis methods and in particular parameter-dependent Lyapunov matrices have been employed to successfully reduce conservatism. Those controllers derived via parameter-dependent Lyapunov matrices, however, end up with depending on derivatives of scheduling parameters. Though this can be avoided by approximating derivatives or restricting Lyapunov matrices to be partly constant, the former loses guarantee of performance and stability and the latter can cause conservatism. This paper proposes a synthesis method of gain-scheduled controllers that depend on filtered scheduling parameters, instead of derivatives, with a concrete guarantee of a performance level. Moreover, it is shown that the performance level of conventional derivative-dependent gain-scheduled controllers is recovered with arbitrarily small errors.

Fair Trial Rights in ICCPR

Articles 14 and 15 in ICCPR provide fair trial rights. The 16 concrete guarantees of fair trial rights are usually classified into three parts: basic rules, minimum guarantees and other provisions. A proceeding complying by those concrete guarantees can not necessarily accord with the requirement of fair trial rights, because article 14, paragraph 1 provides a special kind of right—the general right to a fair trial. Unlike the concrete guarantees, the general right to a fair trial requires to evaluate the proceedings as a whole. In the process of interpreting ICCPR, the Human Rights Committee has added more and more concrete guarantees to fair trial rights via the general right to a fair trial.

Behaviour of corroded steel in a Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>-saturated solution and in cement mortar. Possibility of rehabilitation

The present study compared the response of rust-free and corroded steel electrodes in Ca(OH)2-saturated solutions and in cement mortar, essentially defined in terms of polarization resistance as measured with gravimetric, metallographic and electrochemical methods. Answers were sought for the following questions, which persist despite the use of reinforced concrete (RC) in building for over a century: At what corrosion rate is RC durability seriously compromised? Does restoration of the initial conditions in properly manufactured concrete guarantee repassivation of corroded steel? Does the use of inhibitors enhance repassivation? Does the nature of the corrosion products have any significant effect on the response of corroded steel reinforcement? The results obtained in indicated that the effectiveness of preventive methods is much more closely related to the degree of existing corrosion than to the nature of the corrosion products.

NATO and the Russian federation in the new Europe: The founding act on mutual relations

The end of the cold war led to a new European order in which a new security agenda has emerged embracing issues wider than the old military perspectives. NATO has sought to respond to the new order by moving towards concepts of dialogue and cooperation with former opponents in the form of such programmes as Partnership for Peace. The countries of central and eastern Europe, however, have sought full NATO membership as a more concrete guarantee of future security. NATO enlargement became official NATO policy, justified by the idea of promoting stability in central and eastern Europe and as a reflection of NATO's new perception of itself within a post‐cold war security architecture. Russian opposition to NATO enlargement has been motivated by fears of NATO exploitation of Russian weakness, loss of strategic positions to NATO and exclusion from Europe. The Founding Act on Mutual Relations was proposed by NATO to overcome Russian concerns and create a new partnership with Russia. Debate has continued within Russia about whether this has actually strengthened Russia's position in its dealings with the West. Fears remain about a further round of NATO expansion into the former Soviet Union which, it is said, would put an end to any existing partnership. Russia is not only redefining its own security agenda in the post‐Soviet period but also defining its own broader identity and foreign‐policy interests. Western policy makers should not always simply assume that Russia will continue to support a security architecture that primarily accords with the West's agenda.

HAK TENAGA KERJA DALAM PROSES KEPAILITAN PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM (STUDI ANALISIS UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 13 TAHUN 2003 TENTANG KETENAGAKERJAAN)

Bankruptcy has effect for all creditors, labor is no exception. Settlement of property the debtor to the creditor in the event of the debtor is declared bankrupt will depend largely on the position of the creditors. The position of labor creditor's preferred placed as having special privileges, which will get the first in bankruptcy. However, the property the debtor in bankruptcy is sometimes not enough to pay off all his debts bills including salaries and severance to labor as a preferred creditor. Therefore the author will examine these issues by formulating two problems namely: How the completion of labor rights in the process of bankruptcy according to law No. 13 of 2003 On Labor and How do the views of Islamic law on the settlement of the labor rights in the process of bankruptcy according to law No. 13 of 2003 On Labor. The conclusions of this research in general law No. 13 of 2003 On Labor is in compliance because Islamic law already gives privileges in the fulfillment of their rights. but still need to revise several sections to make the provisions of the law in the Law more robust in protecting labor rights in the process of bankruptcy and the Government should establish a policy to provide concrete guarantees and protection of the rights of labor in the event of bankruptcy.