Abrasion Resistance Of Concrete Research Articles

Abrasion resistance of cement concretes on heavy aggregates

The paper presents the results of research on the influence of three different types of heavy aggregate (basalt, barite and magnetite) and natural gravel on the abrasion resistance of concrete. Concrete mixtures are designed to obtain maximum resistance to concrete abrasion. Concrete abrasion test was performed using a Böhme disc. The influence of compressive strength and physical and mechanical properties of the used aggregates on the abrasion resistance of the tested concretes was analyzed

Spatial degradation characteristics and numerical prediction for life of MWCNTs-reinforced concrete by salt freezing

Nanotechnology is of great importance towards the multiscale enhancement of mechanical strength, anti-cracking, corrosion and/or abrasion resistance of concrete. To optimize the durability of concrete structure in a frigid and saline environment, the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were introduced along with the evaluation of spatial deterioration characteristics and numerical prediction for its service life in this work. The degree and mechanism of salt freeze-thaw damage relief of MWCNTs-reinforced concrete (CNTC) were investigated by establishing relief rate (Rf, RE and Rp) and damage parameters (Df, DE and Dp) in terms of compressive strength, relative dynamic elastic modulus and porosity. Macroscopic results showed that the presence of MWCNTs substantially delayed the evolution of spatial damage of concrete. The optimum dosage of MWCNTs for the degradation mitigation was also determined to be 0.05 wt% from the microscale scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion and mesoscale X-CT scanning techniques, which was responsible to the well-dispersed MWCNTs without entanglement. The synergic effects of filling, nucleation and bridging of MWCNTs in hydrating concrete decreased the porosity and effectively inhibited micro-crack propagation of concrete under the salt freezing effects. Besides, the evolutionary relationships between Df, DE and Dp were established, and a three parameters-dependent prediction index D had been established on the basis of the entropy method and grey system theory GM(1,1) model. The experimental results were in good agreement with the prediction model, and further showed that the salt- freeze-thaw damage of CNTC was significantly reduced.

Abrasion resistance of glass fiber silica fume concrete

Abrasion resistance of glass fiber silica fume concrete

Effects of multi-layer Ti3C2Tx nanosheets on compression strength and abrasion resistance of concrete

Concrete is a leader composite material for structural use in buildings, adaptable to all locations and circumstances in view of its properties such as versatility, durability, and performance. MXenes are new two-dimensional (2D) materials that are very promising for applications in many fields due to their layered structure and physicochemical characteristics. Focused on increasing the performance of concrete structures, this work proposed the reinforcement of concrete with the addition of very small amounts (0.02 wt-%) of MXenes consisting of multi-layer Ti3C2Tx nanosheets to improve compression and abrasion resistance. The reinforced concrete specimens were tested by uniaxial compression tests and rubber-wheel abrasion tests. The results obtained were compared with reference concrete prepared without any added nanosheets. The concrete with MXenes presented higher compression strength (15% higher) in relation to the reference samples after 3 days of molding. After 28 days, the average compression strength was 20.5% higher with Mxenes, but the difference at 28 days was not statistically significant. The rubber-wheel abrasion tests showed a tendency for reduced wear rates with Mxenes, but the difference was statistically significant only for the tests with larger abrasives. Differences in macroporosity of the concretes were not found to justify the improved performance with Mxenes. The main differences due to the Mxenes reinforcement were due a smoother microtopography. It was proposed that the mechanism responsible for obtaining smoother topography with MXenes was related to the lubricious nature of the Ti3C2Tx nanosheets, that can reduce interparticle friction when a transition of the paste flow to the thickening regime occurs, which is governed by boundary lubrication.

Пошук оптимальних складів фібробетонів жорсткого дорожнього покриття з використанням експериментально-статистичних моделей

The experiment was conducted according to a 15-point plan. In the experiment, the following three factors of the composition of rigid pavement fiber-reinforced concrete varied: the amount of Portland cement from 290 to 350 kg/m3, the amount of basaltic fiber from 0.9 to 1.5 kg/m3, the amount of superplasticizer from 0.6 to 1% of the cement mass. A set of experimental statistical models was obtained. They describe the influence of factors on compressive strength, flexural strength, frost resistance, abrasion resistance and cost of fiber-reinforced concrete. The selection of optimal compositions of fiber-reinforced concrete rigid pavement for the roads of II-III and Ib categories was carried out using these models. The selection of optimal compositions of fiber-reinforced concrete was carried out graphically using square diagrams. The method of representing the factor space as 7 "square" type diagrams was used when fixing the amount of cement in the composition from 290 to 350 kg/m3 with a step of 10 kg/m3. This discretization allows for a clearer and more accurate search for optimal solutions. The levels of compressive strength, flexural strength and frost resistance were used as limitation criteria. These levels meet the requirements of DBN B.2.3-4:2015 for rigid pavement materials of the corresponding category. The concrete cost index was used as an optimization criterion. The abrasion resistance of concrete was also controlled to guarantee a correct choice. Two compositions of fiber-reinforced concrete for the roads of the II and III categories were chosen. These compositions have a compressive strength of 43 and 45 MPa, a flexural strength of 5 and 5.1 MPa, abrasion of about 0.36 g/cm2 and frost resistance of F200. Two compositions of fiber-reinforced concrete for category Ib roads were also selected. These compositions have a compressive strength of 48 and 50 MPa, a flexural strength of 5.5 MPa, abrasion of about 0.35 g/cm2 and frost resistance of F200. The compositions have chosen the lowest cost price while ensuring the strength and durability of the material. The use of this fiber-reinforced concrete makes it possible to increase the intervals between repairs during the maintenance of cement concrete roads in typical climatic conditions in Ukraine.

Recycling of different types of brick aggregates in pervious concrete

The recent emphasis on sustainability issues in construction materials has increased the interest to examine the effect of recycled aggregates on the performance of pervious concrete. This study investigated the effects of different types of recycled coarse brick aggregates (RCBAs), maximum RCBA size and using recycled fine brick aggregates (RFBAs) on the performance of pervious concrete. This has been done by testing void, density, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, permeability, dust clogging and abrasion resistance. The quality of effluent passed through pervious concretes was also studied. According to the results, the usage of different types of RCBA decreased the compressive strength of pervious concrete, with the highest strength reduction of 55.3% which was obtained for 50% RCBA type A. A larger porous network of concretes by the incorporation of RCBA resulted in a higher permeability coefficient of up to 24.9%. Moreover, using RFBA in pervious concrete produces a much denser matrix and hence provides higher compressive and splitting tensile strengths and lower permeability coefficient. The permeability loss of pervious concretes due to dust clogging can also be decreased at 50% incorporation of different types of RCBA. Furthermore, results showed that RCBA types mainly influence the abrasion resistance of pervious concrete.

Influence of fines less than 0.125 mm on abrasion resistance of concrete

Abrasion resistance is very important in concrete intended for making roads, canals, floors or pavements and it can be defined as the ability of a surface to resist wear due to rubbing. It is tested by grinding the specimen according to the standard procedure and the measurements are done through volumetric loss of the specimen. Abrasion resistance is influenced by many factors such as the type of aggregate, placement, concrete composition, etc. It is desirable that the concrete contains less cement matrix and that this cement matrix achieves as much strength as possible. Cement matrix achieves the highest strength if it consists of a binder without or with small amount of very fine aggregate particles. The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of these particles on abrasion resistance and compressive strength of concrete. Six concrete mixes were made, which differ in the granulometric composition of the aggregates and the origin of the aggregates. Same type and quantity of the cement and superplasticizer were used in all mixtures with the same water/cement ratio. The workability of the concrete was tested using the slump method. The ultrasound pulse velocity (UPV), density, dynamic modulus of elasticity, compressive strength and abrasion resistance were tested after 28 days of specimens curing. The measured UPV are within the limits of 3989.36 to 4128.44 m/s, which indicates a good quality of concrete. Compressive strengths ranging from 61.6 to 95.6 MPa were achieved. Abrasion resistance was determined by the loss of volume of the specimen in cm3 in an area of 50 cm2, and values from 21.6 to 27.3 cm3/50 cm2 were measured. According to the test results, no harmful effect of very fine aggregate particles on the abrasion resistance of concrete was observed in this investigation. Also, the positive effect of quartz sand on abrasion resistance was confirmed.

МІЦНІСТЬ, ЗНОСОСТІЙКІСТЬ І МОРОЗОСТІЙКІСТЬ ФІБРОБЕТОНІВ ЖОРСТКИХ ДОРОЖНІХ ПОКРИТТІВ З БАЗАЛЬТОВОЮ ФІБРОЮ ТА ПОВІТРОВТЯГУЮЧОЮ ДОБАВКОЮ

Introduction. Increasing the durability of hard pavements allows you to reduce road maintenance costs by extending the intervals between repairs. Dispersed reinforcement is a well-known method of increasing the frost resistance and abrasion resistance of concrete, which has a positive effect on the durability of pavements in typical for Ukraine climatic conditions. Basalt fiber is resistant to corrosion and relatively inexpensive, which makes it promising for use in the road industry. Also, plasticizing and air-entraining admixtures must be used for concrete of hard pavement. Problem Statement. In modern economic conditions and taking into account the technological features of the preparation of mixtures, it is relevant to compare the effectiveness of the use of known methods of improving the properties of concrete for hard pavements: dispersed reinforcement and the use of air-entraining admixtures. Studying the expediency of the simultaneous use of these two methods of modifying the concrete mixture is also an important task from a scientific and practical point of view. Purpose. Determination of the influence of basalt fiber and air-entraining admixture on the strength, frost resistance and abrasion resistance of concrete of hard pavements.

Comparing The Abrasion Resistance of Conventional Concrete and Green Concrete Samples

Significant volumes of non-biodegradable solid waste are related to industrial activity in Iraq, with waste plastic being one of the most notable. 24 samples were used in this study to test the effectiveness of recycling waste plastic to make concrete. Four different ratios of waste plastic from both green and conventional concrete were used as a partial replacement for gravel: 0%, 30%, 60%, and 100%. All of the concrete combinations were tested at room temperature. These tests include compressive strength and abrasion resistance. The compressive strength was determined by molding 36 cubes. In this study, concrete mixes were cured for 3, 7, and 28 days. The apparatus created in the Construction Laboratory of the Civil Engineering department at Wasit University was used to measure the rate of concrete erosion by directing a high-velocity jet of a water and sand combination at concrete samples. A determination was also made on the impact of the impingement angle. Using two distinct angles (45 and 90) with the horizon, experimental estimations were performed. The results of the experimental studies showed that the flow inclination angle of 45 with the horizon can achieve the highest rate of erosion, while the flow inclination angle of 90 with the horizon can achieve the lowest rate. Additionally, the results showed that erosion decreased as the plastic percentage increased with age. This study confirms that recycling waste plastic as a gravel substitute in concrete offers a promising solution to lower material costs and address some of the issues with solid waste that plastic presents.

Carbon nanofibers and PVA fiber hybrid concrete: Abrasion and impact resistance

This study investigated the effects of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and PVA fibers on the mechanical properties, impact resistance, abrasion resistance, and microstructure of ultrafine fly ash (UFA) high-performance concrete when used alone and in blends. CNFs and PVA fibers were incorporated at 0.1 %, 0.2 %, and 0.3 %, respectively. The results of the study revealed that CNFs and PVA fibers significantly enhanced the mechanical strength and cracking toughness of concrete, whether added individually or in blends. The enhancement of cracking toughness was more prominent in the mixed systems with higher fiber additions. Notably, the combined use of CNFs and PVA fibers can also significantly enhance the impact resistance and abrasion resistance of concrete. When the fiber addition is appropriate, the impact energy consumption is significantly increased. The optimal incorporation ratio was 0.1 % by volume of PVA fibers and 0.3 wt% by mass of CNFs. at this ratio, the impact resistance of concrete was improved by 128.24 % and the abrasion resistance was improved by 18.17 % compared to the control group. Further scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury-in-pressure (MIP) tests revealed that the mixing of CNFs and PVA fibers effectively enhanced the densification of the concrete matrix, increased the amount of its hydration products, and strengthened the bonding of the fibers to the matrix.

Reinforcement mechanism of nano-SiO2 and polypropylene fibers on concrete abrasion resistance subject to dynamic sandy water

Abrasion resistance of concrete is essential for the safety assessment of hydraulic structures subject to sandy water scouring. In this study, ten types of concrete specimens were designed to investigate the effect of nano-SiO2 (NS) and polypropylene fibers (PF) on the abrasion resistance and mechanical properties of concrete. In view of the discreteness of the results, grey theory, Support vector machine (SVR) and artificial neural network (ANN) model were selected to explore the relationship between abrasion resistance and factors involving NS, PF, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and curing age. The results revealed that the appropriate addition of NS and PF promote the hydration process and remarkably enhanced the performance of concrete. And the grey relation analysis indicated that the optimal content of NS and PF were 3 % and 0.9 kg/m3, respectively. Compared with GM (1, N) and SVR, ANN model benefited from more comprehensive consideration of the effects of various factors to predict abrasion resistance more reliably. The results of grey relation analysis and ANN model showed that there was a close correlation between the mechanical properties, admixtures and the abrasion resistance.

Influence of Graphene oxide on abrasion resistance and strength of concrete

Graphene Oxide (GO) has recently gained significant attention as a new carbon-based nanomaterial (CBN) in the civil engineering industry due to its exceptional mechanical and functional properties. It has been increasingly gaining popularity due to its superior dispersibility characteristics in aqueous solutions compared to the other graphene-based derivatives due to attached oxygen functional groups. A majority of current studies are focused on investigating the effect of GO in cement composites. However, the more useful applications of GO lie in its incorporation into concrete, as it is the most widely used construction material. Therefore, the current study determines the performance of GO-incorporated concrete in terms of strength and abrasion characteristics. Industrially produced GO was added to the concrete mixes at percentages varying from 0.02% to 0.08% by weight of cement (bwoc). A polycarboxylate-ether-based superplasticiser (PS) was used to enhance the dispersibility of GO within the mix and the workability of concrete mixtures. The Standard slump tests were performed to evaluate the workability of the mixes. Compression and indirect tensile strength tests were conducted to obtain the mechanical properties, while abrasion tests were employed to investigate the durability properties. In addition, microstructural properties were obtained using scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. The test results show that adding 0.08% GO bwoc in the concrete mix enhanced its compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, and abrasion resistance by 21%, 12% and 23% at 28 days compared to the control mix. At 56 days, results show 19%, 12% and 20% improvements, respectively. These findings confirmed that adding GO can enhance concrete's abrasion resistance and mechanical properties. Therefore, it demonstrates promising outcomes of utilising GO in applications such as road pavements, airport runways, industrial floorings and bridge decks where abrasion resistance and strength are key design parameters.

Sustainable aggregate impact on pervious concrete abrasion resistance

Pervious concrete, known for its high porosity and permeability, is commonly used for low-traffic pavements. This study investigates the impact of sustainable aggregates on abrasion resistance in pervious concrete, specifically electric furnace slag (EFS), ceramic construction waste (CW), and concrete block waste (CBW). Therefore, an experimental program was conceived to assess the abrasion resistance through Cantabro test and to evaluate the density, porosity, permeability, and mechanical performance (compressive and flexural tensile strengths) of pervious concrete. Experimental results indicate that CW and CBW aggregates yield similar abrasion resistance (38% and 36% mass loss) to reference aggregates (38%), while EFS aggregates show significantly higher mass loss (73%). The proportion of fines within the particle size distribution of the sustainable aggregate emerges as a critical factor that influences abrasion resistance. This finding underscores the significance of particle size distribution in enhancing abrasion durability. Furthermore, pervious concrete with sustainable aggregates may display favorable abrasion resistance without compromising hydraulic performance. The study contributes to understanding abrasion resistance in pervious concrete and offers insights into sustainable construction materials.

Predicting abrasion resistance of concrete containing plastic waste, fly ash, and graphene nanoplatelets using an artificial neural network and response surface methodology

The influence of plastic waste (PW) and fly ash as partial substitutes to coarse aggregate and cement, respectively, and Graphene NanoPlatelets (GNPs) as additive to cement mass on the Cantabro abrasion loss of concrete was investigated in this study. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) techniques were adopted to establish models for estimating the Cantabro loss of the concrete. The variables used were PW, fly ash, GNPs, water-to-cementitious material ratio, and number of revolutions. For the ANN, 60 unique samples of Cantabro loss (%) were used. Fourteen neurons are considered in the hidden layer, and the Levenberg–Marquardt technique is applied to train the network. Both the coefficient of determination (R) and mean square error were taken into consideration for the performance analysis of ANN models to predict the Cantabro loss (%). The present prediction of Cantabro loss (%) by use of the ANN can be a helping source for preceding studies on proposing the solution to utilize PW in concrete. The developed model using RSM also has a very high degree of correlation (R2 = 0.953) and was highly significant. However, in terms of accuracy of prediction, the ANN model was the best, having the highest coefficient of determination with R2 values of 0.995, 0.995, and 0.992 for training, validation, and testing, respectively.

Assessment of Abrasion Resistance of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete at Cold Temperatures through Acoustic Emission Analysis

Assessment of Abrasion Resistance of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete at Cold Temperatures through Acoustic Emission Analysis

Abrasion resistance and mechanical strength of underwater repair concrete curing under hydrostatic pressure

Damages of hydraulic concrete structures caused by erosion are a significant repair problem. Modern concrete enables performing the repair works without using the so-called dry dock. The repairs are often carried out at great depth. A special container, which could simulate placing and curing concrete under hydrostatic pressure, was used to study the concreting depth’s influence on the concrete’s future abrasion resistance. Two compositions of the underwater repair concrete were tested. The maximum grains size was 8 and 16 mm. Also, a viscosity-modifying admixture was used. The designed composites met the standard requirements in maintaining consistency in time and limiting the wash-out losses. The concrete specimens, taken for testing the abrasive resistance and compressive strength, were initially cured in the container for 28 days under pressure from 0 to 0.5 MPa. The pressure range corresponds to curing the concrete at a depth of up to 50 m. The abrasion tests were conducted using Böhme’s disk. The results show that the hydrostatic pressure does not negatively affect the strength and abrasion resistance of the underwater concrete. The abrasion resistance is not directly related to compressive strength. It has been observed that the higher is hydrostatic pressure, the higher is abrasion resistance of the concrete’s top layer compared to the bottom layer. The hydrostatic pressure acting when placing and curing the concrete mix causes releasing the bigger air voids. Therefore, the specimens taken from the top layer are less porous, which was confirmed by testing the apparent density.

THE EFFECT OF SURFACTANTS ON THE RESISTANCE TO ABRASIVE ABRASION OF HYDRAULIC CONCRETE

The effect of surfactants and water-cement ratio on abrasion resistance of hydraulic concrete are presented. A series of laboratory tests and field surveys of hydraulic structures were carried out to determine the effect of various factors on wear resistance of hydraulic concrete to abrasive effects. Studies were carried out by comparison of laboratory tests for abrasion of mortar and concrete. Sulfite-alcohol bard (SAB) was used as a hydrophilic surface-active additive and as a hydrophobic soap. Structural changes of properties were studied by electron microscopic analysis. The presence of dependencies of the abrasion of concrete on several factors was established: water-cement ratio and strength, the type of filler, the fineness of cement grinding, the age of the samples, the use of surfactant additives, and the method of laying.

Abrasion resistance of metakaolin-based geopolymers through accelerated testing and natural wear

Construction and building materials are subject to abrasion wear in a variety of routine applications. The objective of this paper was to investigate the abrasion resistance of metakaolin-based geopolymer concretes. A geopolymer mixture with only metakaolin as precursor material and another mixture with the replacement of 10% of metakaolin by rice husk ash were investigated. Three accelerated abrasion tests were performed. The inorganic abrasion test studies the wear caused by the imposition of sand on the concrete surface. The hydraulic abrasion test wears the concrete surface with metallic spheres in an aquatic environment. The deep abrasion test measures abrasion through wear on a stainless-steel cylinder using silicon carbide. A natural validation step through the exposure of slabs in a natural environment was created to confirm the performance of the geopolymers. The abrasion resistance of geopolymers was the same or better than the abrasion resistance shown in the literature for Portland cement concrete. This behavior is related to the great adhesion of the geopolymer matrix with the aggregates. The performance was validated in the natural exposure of geopolymer concrete slabs to low vehicle traffic.

Evaluation of Concrete Abrasion Using Traditional and High-Speed Underwater Methods

With the increasing height of new dams, the number of high-water-head and high-flow spillway buildings is gradually increasing, and concretes are required to have better abrasion resistance. Current standards offer a method for evaluating the abrasion resistance of concrete, but when evaluating the abrasion resistance of high-performance concretes, it is necessary to extend the test time to more than 120 h. In this study, an improved way of the current code-specified underwater method was proposed to shorten the testing time, called the high-speed underwater method (HSUM), and the test results of the two methods were evaluated using three-dimensional (3D) laser-scanning technology. It was found that the abrasion efficiency of the HSUM was about twice as much as that of the code-specified method. HSUM resulted in a significant acceleration of the concrete coarse aggregate abrasion process. The average abrasion depth of concrete was between 0 and 6.5 mm (HSUM after 15 h and code method after 30 h), and the abrasion mainly occurred on the surface of slurry, when the abrasion resistance of concrete was obviously affected by the strength and volume of slurry. When the average abrasion depth of concrete exceeded 6.5 mm, it entered the aggregate abrasion stage, and its abrasion resistance was influenced by the aggregate hardness and aggregate content, and the correlation with the slurry strength decreases. The surface roughness parameters Sq and Sa of HSUM concrete increase significantly compared with the code method. HSUM allows for a reduction in experimental time and high performance in evaluating the abrasion resistance of high-performance concretes or concretes with special aggregates (high-strength granite aggregates and cast stone aggregates).

Abrasive wear of concrete measured by different accelerated tests and natural exposure

Several accelerated methodologies have been created to estimate the abrasion resistance of concrete. The objective of this article was to compare the results of three accelerated abrasion tests with the natural wear of a concrete slab. The inorganic abrasion test (ABNT NBR 12042) was applied in concrete specimens with 28 and 180 days of cure. The wear in this test decreased by approximately 34% and 32% at 180 days of cure when compared to 28 days of cure, considering a journey of 500 m and 1000 m, respectively. Test time by hydraulic abrasion method (ASTM C 1138) significantly affects wear on concrete. However, the greatest wear occurred in the first 24h of testing (about 4.25% loss of mass). The deep abrasion test (ABNT NBR 9781) shows 20.43 mm of wear after 75 cycles of abrasion. Also, the visual appearance of the concrete surface is completely different depending on the type of abrasion test applied. The inorganic abrasion test created a smoother surface, exposing the aggregates. The hydraulic abrasion method generated a rougher surface, with a larger number of pores. Deep abrasion caused wear in a specific region of the specimens. A specimen of each mixture was three-dimensionally scanned before and after abrasion wear tests. Furthermore, the results of 10,400 cycles of natural abrasion in concrete slab showed less wear compared to the results of the accelerated methods.