Concerned Parties Research Articles

Socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics of advanced maternal age in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

Purpose This study aims to better understand advanced maternal age (AMA) and its impact on maternal and perinatal health by investigating the prevalence, sociodemographic profiles and adverse pregnancy outcomes of AMA in Abu Dhabi, UAE. Design/methodology/approach This study is a part of a large multicenter cross-sectional study. The project aimed to improve maternal and early child health in Abu Dhabi, UAE. It was conducted at seven healthcare centers located in the urban, suburban and rural areas of Abu Dhabi. The project’s data included all mothers (i.e. Emirati and non-Emirati mothers) who came to the centers looking for healthcare follow-up. Findings From the total of 1,710 enrolled mothers with complete data, 379 were with AMA, having a prevalence of 22.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 20.2, 24.2). Among 379 advanced maternal age (AMA) mothers, 328(84.5%), and 51(15.5) mothers were between 35 and 39 years, and =40 years, respectively. The mean (SD) of maternal age was 30.0(5.2) years. No significant association was found between AMA, and parent’s education, family income, child gender, preterm birth and low birth weight. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, factors significantly associated with AMA were higher parity (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 2.24, 95%CI = 2.00, 2.50), p-value < 0.001, non-Arab mothers (AOR = 2.44, 95%CI = 1.83, 3.24), p-value < 0.001, maternal employment (AOR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.05, 1.77), p-value = 0.019, and cesarean delivery (AOR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.83, 3.24), p-value = 0.011, pre-pregnancy maternal overweight (AOR = 1.49, 95%CI = 1.12, 1.98), p-value = 0,006, and pre-pregnancy maternal obesity (AOR = 2.15, 95%CI = 1.35, 3.44), p-value = 0.001. Research limitations/implications First, unlike other studies, not all obstetrical outcomes (e.g. maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity) were included as the current study data were part of a large project, and such limitations are expected; second, only quantitative method was used in the present study, it is clear from the literature AMA is a dilemma. Therefore, a qualitative study and mixed methods (both quantitative and qualitative) will provide a better explanation for such an understudied topic. Therefore, further research is recommended to overcome the abovementioned limitations aiming to explore the complexity of AMA, including studying its social determinants. Furthermore, it is worth emphasizing that future research involves more concerned parties, including health, culture and planning authorities, to better understand AMA issues. Originality/value The study provided valuable information regarding AMA issues in the UAE. Such information is of paramount importance to all involved parties, including policymakers, to take action regarding improving the health of mothers with advanced ages. Specific actions can be taken through thorough counseling of all expectant mothers with advanced ages before pregnancy, throughout pregnancy and delivery and beyond, by dealing with existing medical conditions and highlighting possible risks of AMA on pregnancy outcomes and how to overcome them in advance. In addition, further research is recommended to explore the social determinants of AMA.

Enhancing innovation in aviation: Applying the Triple Helix Model and PMBOK in the UAE-Sweden partnership

To sustain economic growth and generate new ideas for innovation, academia, industries, and governments should cooperate to develop successful research and development ecosystems. Indeed, the collaboration between these parties is required to extend beyond the basic funding provided by industries to research projects conducted by universities. Hence, collaboration must occur in an integrated environment so that each party plays its role including problem identification, setting the regulations, funding, conducting the research, etc. On the other hand, due to globalization, collaboration in research and development has become international where teams from different countries or continents collaborate in various ways. Indeed, the integrated collaboration between industry, governments, and academia improves the impact of the research outcome on society by addressing problems of interest to society while involving all the concerned parties. One of the known frameworks in this context, the Triple Helix Model (THM), has been used in this study to foster international collaboration in aviation. The international collaboration involved two universities representing academia, civil aviation authorities, public funding bodies, and air navigation services representing the government bodies, in addition to aviation industries from Sweden and the United Arab Emirates. The focus of the collaboration was the development of knowledge-based open innovation in the form of a traffic management tool that optimizes, simulates, and visualizes delivery scenarios of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).This paper aims to formalize the collaborative framework that has been used in the international collaboration mentioned above, and that combines the THM and PMBOK models so that it can be used for managing innovation projects of similar nature throughout their lifecycle. Moreover, the challenges that have been encountered by the teams involved in the collaboration are discussed in this paper in addition to the mitigation strategies that have been used to overcome them which can be beneficial for other similar collaborations. Finally, the study results encourage industries, governments, and universities to establish further projects based on the same framework to spur and maximize knowledge-based innovation for social and financial growth.

Unregistered Polygamy Validation: Isbat Nikah, Polygamy Permit, and Due Process of Law in Indonesian Religious Courts

This article probes whether methods of validating unregistered polygamy in Indonesian Religious Courts have honored the due process of law. Judges have adopted two different methods in validating unregistered polygamy: first, by ordering concerned parties to apply for the issuance of a retroactive marriage certificate (isbat nikah), and second, by advising them to submit a polygamy permit application. Using the sociolegal approach in examining Ratio Legis and selected cases on unregistered polygamy validation across Indonesia, it finds that the existing methods have impacted protecting women’s and children’s rights and marriage law objectives. Opting for isbat nikah means perpetuating violations of the marriage law provisions and objectives, which restrict polygamy through court proceedings to be orderly administration and protect women’s and children’s rights. Meanwhile, requiring unregistered polygamists to remarry by applying for a polygamy permit could impact wives’ rights who are married without registration and their children’s. The 2018 Supreme Court’s Circular prohibiting the Religious Court from accepting applications for isbat nikah of unregistered polygamy shows its tendency to the formal application of the marriage law provisions. Even so, judges adopt the contentious isbat nikah to legalize unregistered polygamy, mainly when the parties involved accept their polygamy and live peacefully. This bottom-up approach arguably better meets the principles of fairness because all legal rights owed to concerned parties are respected.

The Role of International Organizations in Promoting the Right to Sustainable Development

This study examines the development of public international law, including the concept of sustainable development, and the role played by international organizations in promoting world to pay attention to it in response to the demand for the right to optimal exploitation of wealth and resources. International organizations, therefore, should help member countries and other concerned parties to set common goals in all fields to achieve success in sustainable development plans in every area related to politics, economy, society, and the environment. This study used a descriptive methodology to examine how international organizations contribute to the advancement of the right to sustainable development. Through continuous cooperation and coordination.

A Legal Appraisal of the Causes of the Cameroon Anglophone Crisis

The Cameroon Anglophone Crisis, which erupted in 2016, stems from longstanding grievances among the Anglophone population regarding marginalization, governance issues, and cultural rights within a predominantly Francophone nation. This legal appraisal examines the historical context, highlighting the post-colonial legacy that has shaped Anglophone identity and political aspirations. It analyzes the key main Causes of the anglophone crisis bringing out facts such the constitutional problem, socio-political causes and the role of the diaspora and the media. The study adopts a qualitative research methodology which makes use of the doctrinal method as one of the main methods which deals with content analysis of primary and secondary data. Unstructured interviews and observation were also used as part of the methods of obtaining data. The ensuing results reveals that the main cause of the crisis is one of ideology which was birthed as far as the period of reunification which has remain unaddressed till date. Hence, it laid a foundation for the researcher to recommend a sincere and all-inclusive dialogue amongst the concerned parties amongst others.

Investigating the role of banks in promoting women‐owned micro and small businesses: Empirical evidence from an emerging economy

AbstractWomen entrepreneurs of Bangladesh face strict terms and conditions, high interest rate, and collateral requirements while requesting access to bank finance. This paper investigates the role of banks in promoting micro and small businesses owned by women in Bangladesh in terms of access to bank finance and collateral requirement. Bangladeshi women entrepreneurs were chosen as there are surge in women entrepreneurs in the nation. The study used a close‐ended questionnaire to collect data based on stratified sampling and data health was ensured using the Harman's single factor indicating no presence of common method bias. The sample consists of 60 respondents of pilot study and 150 respondents surveyed by trained enumerators resulting a final sample size of 210. The data were collected based on primary sources from the entire Bangladesh represented by the eight divisions of the country namely Dhaka, Barishal, Chittagong, Khulna, Mymensingh, Rajshahi, Rangpur, and Sylhet. The data were analyzed based on the binary logistic regression model using the IBM SPSS Statistics. Empirical results indicate that women entrepreneurs can be granted bank finance only by the private commercial banks without pledging collateralized assets according to the rules of the central bank of Bangladesh provided they offer personal guarantee, social security and group guarantee and if they default on the loans, security will be used for loan repayment, and they will be deprived of further loan facilities. The findings of the study will help add value to the current literatures and the outcomes will be helpful to the concerned parties.

THE DIFFERENCES IN MEANING BETWEEN MUSLIM WOMEN'S MODEST CLOTHING AND WOMEN'S CLOTHING ADVERTORIALS

Modest fashion has progressed positively in the last two decades. Designers and advertisers are trying to attract modest fashion’s consumers. One of the mediums to promote it is by advertorials. Analyzing words and phrases used in advertorials can help advertisers, practitioners and other concerned parties to understand how advertorials are written. Using Leech’s theory toward meanings, this study aimed to analyze and compare the differences between the advertorials of Muslim women modest clothing and women's clothing from semantic perspective. This study applied a descriptive qualitative approach by analyzing four advertorials of women’s modest, formal, and casual clothing. The results of this study show that the advertorials of modest clothing seem to use a thematic meaning by creating the images of comforted and elegant looking Muslim women in modest clothes. On the other hand, the advertorials of women’s formal and casual clothing look to portray the wearers as sexy and confident women. Although both types of advertorials give meanings with empowering themes, they explore different aspects of empowerment to give understanding toward their potential consumers.

A Critical Analysis of Void Agreement Under Indian Contract Act and Navigating Its Implications

This research paper goes into the complexities of contract law, with a primary focus on Void Agreements under the Indian Contract Act of 1872. It covers the idea, legal context, and effects of void agreements, as well as how to navigate legal challenges and current legislative modifications. This study attempts to give a nuanced knowledge of void agreements and their repercussions on contractual relationships by conducting a complete examination of literature, case studies, and comparative studies with international contract law. The introduction of the article provides a summary of the Indian Contracts Act of 1872, as well as the basic definitions and features of Contracts, Void Agreements, and so on. The study design focuses on providing a concise description of the research purpose, objectives, methodology, research questions, scope, and limits. The Review of Literature analyses and describes the various websites, articles, and blogs that were used in this research to delve into the various perspectives and aspects of the main topic. It includes the key contents of each website, as well as the possible conclusion and key findings. Beginning with a review of contract law in India, it dives into the fundamentals of valid contracts, types of contracts, and invalid agreements, illuminating their definition, features, and major legal clauses. This research provides practical insights into contract nullification, restitution, and the impact on concerned parties by thoroughly examining numerous grounds for voidability and conducting individual case analyses. Furthermore, it addresses legal issues related to void agreements and offers a comparison analysis with foreign contract law frameworks. This study intends to contribute to a more sophisticated understanding of void agreements and their implications in contractual partnerships by reviewing recent legislative revisions and making relevant proposals for future legal reforms. The conclusion highlights the research's primary results and ideas, as well as all of the subsections written throughout the study. The report concludes with some recommendations for future legislative revisions regarding void agreements based on the research findings. The last section, which includes the bibliography and references, gives a list of all sources cited throughout the work, using the relevant citation style requirements.

Synthesis of the European ALARA network 20th workshop ‘ALARA for interventional radiology and nuclear medicine’

The European as low as reasonably achievable(ALARA) network regularly organises workshops on topical issues in radiation protection (RP). The topic of the 20th workshop was: ‘ALARA for interventional radiology (IR) and nuclear medicine (NM)’. The objective was to examine the challenges faced when applying the optimisation principle (ALARA) in IR and NM and to consider how ALARA could be better implemented for patient and staff exposures. This memorandum provides a synthesis of the workshop sessions, and recommendations coming from the working groups discussion. Parallels are drawn with the recommendations arising from the 13th EAN workshop on ‘ALARA and the medical sector (2011)’ to consider how the optimisation challenges in IR and NM have evolved over the past decade. Current levels of exposure are presented along with operational practice and the challenges and opportunities for improvement, both in monitoring and practice. Whilst RP challenges remain, the application of ALARA appears more established in IR compared with experiences reported in 2011. The application of ALARA to emerging technologies in the NM setting is in need of further development to ensure that RP is considered at all stages in the development process of new radiopharmaceuticals. Besides the obvious technical and operational aspects, the importance of education and training, human factors and broadly the RP ‘culture’ were deemed fundamental to the success of the application of ALARA and where further emphasis is needed. All concerned parties, medical physics experts (MPEs), radiation protection experts, clinical staff, manufacturers and regulators have a role to play in the application of ALARA and this is discussed in the memorandum. Many of the recommendations from the 13th EAN workshop remain applicable today and overlap with the recommendations arising from the 20th workshop. This should prompt attention given that the use of IR and the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals for NM is only anticipated to increase with time.

Formatting a questionnaire for the quality control of river bank roads

Abstract The quality control of road implementation on the rim and the strengthening of river edges to prevent road collapses need to be studied and developed continuously. In order to carry out maintenance in a cost-effective manner as much as possible, this research aims to provide a way to reach a better understanding of the quality control of riverbank roads. The study conducted an SWOT questionnaire, which is a means of discovering and evaluating the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the field of quality control of river bank roads, and it can help in identifying the optimal path to achieve specific goals and improve the quality of roads in these areas and determine the necessary steps to improve performance and quality in general. It also contributes to enhancing joint cooperation between the concerned parties. The type of questionnaire was closed and included two parts: the first part is the personal information of the respondents, and the second part is related to the subject of the study, which in turn includes four basic axes. It relates to the elements of the SWOT tool and includes questions ranging from 1 to 44. Sixty people from different academic levels in Iraq responded to the questionnaire, and the answers were according to a five-point Likert scale. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26 was used for statistical analysis, and the statistical methods used in this study are Cronbach’s alpha test to measure reliability, validity of the test to measure the validity of the research tool, frequencies, and percentages, or what is known as relative frequencies, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation, relative importance index.

CAMPUR KODE SEBAGAI SUMBER KONFLIK BAHASA DI BAGIAN KOMENTAR INSTAGRAM

Language conflict can happen anywhere, including in social media. Understanding language conflict may help to escalate problems which might arise as the aftermaths. The present study aims to analyze language conflicts in social media’s comments. In order to obtain the results, the present study uses a descriptive qualitative method by analyzing 20 comments from three different posts in Instagram, a social media website. The findings of present study suggest that language conflicts in Instagram’s comments might be caused by dictions used by the commenters. Their dictions can be interpreted differently by other commenters. In addition, code-mixing can cause language conflicts among commenters. As the commenter used a mix between Indonesian and English language due to their lack of knowledge in expressing their thoughts in same language, it can cause a language conflict in Instagram’ comment section. The results of present study suggest that language conflicts might arise due to lack of knowledge regarding both languages. In order to avoid language conflicts, it seems important for concerned parties such as education institutions and media to provide suitable promotion of the proper use language and proper etiquette of social media.

Establishing a mechanism for international cooperation for Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water monitoring

The Japanese government’s unilateral decision to discharge the nuclear-contaminated water from the Fukushima nuclear power plant into the ocean has caused immense nuclear safety risks. Monitoring the unclear-contaminated water is a starting point to combat these risks and seek remedies for the rights and interests of all concerned parties. The establishment of a mechanism for international cooperation in this respect is necessary to handle the risks of the Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water and to lay the foundation of a framework for tackling any future disposal of nuclear-contaminated water following Japan’s example. At present, the international legal systems in the spheres of nuclear safety and security, marine environmental protection, and other areas, as well as the questioning of the monitoring reports of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) by the relevant parties, the monitoring practices of historical nuclear accidents, and numerous radioactivity monitoring mechanisms have provided the institutional and practical basis for constructing such a mechanism. The mechanism can be promoted by the IAEA through its existing mechanisms or be jointly initiated by China, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Korea, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and the Pacific Island countries, among other stakeholders. Specifically, this mechanism should consist of three levels: first, the framework of the basic legal system, including the cooperative principles of national sovereignty, interest-relatedness, and procedural fairness, and the signing of the Framework Convention on the Monitoring of Fukushima’s nuclear-contaminated water and its Optional Protocol; second, the organizational structure and its responsibilities, which may include the Conference of Parties as the decision-making body, the Secretariat as the central coordinating body, and the monitoring committees in various fields as specific implementing agencies; and third, specific administrative arrangements, which involve the standardization of monitoring, the management system of monitoring networks and stations, the rules for monitoring procedures, and the rules for the utilization of the monitoring data, etc. With the urgent need for the scientific and fair monitoring of Fukushima’s nuclear-contaminated water, China, as a stakeholder country, can promote the establishment of such a mechanism for monitoring nuclear-contaminated water through the following paths: ① It is necessary to clarify the factors affecting the construction of an international cooperation mechanism for monitoring nuclear-contaminated water so as to ascertain the standpoints of the stakeholders, claims of their interests, contents of their cooperation, and the relevant international relations. ② On the basis of existing practices, China should consider improving the monitoring mechanism to cope with the risks of the discharge of Fukushima’s nuclear-contaminated water by formulating targeted policies and systems, setting up specialized monitoring institutions, and establishing a systematic monitoring network system. ③ This is an effective way for China to actively promote the participation of stakeholders in the construction of an international cooperation mechanism for monitoring nuclear-contaminated water in Fukushima by further innovating the dissemination mechanism to address the risk of Fukushima’s nuclear-contaminated water discharging into the sea and facilitating the identification of issues for international cooperation in monitoring Fukushima’s nuclear-contaminated water based on the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind.

Assessing the Intensity of Economic Progress, Industrialization,Energy Use on Environmental Degradation

This study intensifies the interrelationship between environmental downfall, economic and industrial enhancement, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption in the period of 1997 to 2018 for the G-7 and selected five MENA countries. The paper intends to explore how renewable energy, fossil fuel, electricity generation, GDP, and industrialization affect the environmental pollution. For a dynamic panel data analysis, some statistical methods have been utilized, including Slope Homogeneity (SH), Cross Section Dependence (CSD), Cross-Section Im-Pesaran-Shin (CIPS), and Cross-Section Augmented Dickey-Fuller (CADF) of the second generation unit root tests, and the second generation (Westerlund-2007) CO-integration test, both Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS), Panel-Corrected Standard Error (PCSE), and dynamic generalized method of moments (d-GMM) panel estimation approach have been applied. Feasible generalized least square (FGLS) shows that if GDP, fossil fuel energy consumption, industrialization, and electricity generation, increase by 1% then CO2 emission increases by 79.8%, 5.3%, 10.37%, and 8.26% respectively. If renewable energy increases by 1% CO2 emission decreases by 6.56%. When GDP growth rises, there is a corresponding increase in environmental pollution within industrialized economies. This demonstrates a positive correlation between GDP, industrialization, and CO2 emissions, which means that as the economy grows, environmental degradation will continue to worsen over time. Therefore, concerned parties should take proper policy steps to protect environment in industries and towards sustainable growth.

Helicobacter Pylori Infection Among Patients Attending Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia: Five-Year Trends.

Around half of the world's population is infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), according to data from a recent systematic review. H. pylori infection is extremely common around the world. It is the most prevalent disease in Ethiopia and contributes to both morbidity and mortality. Patients with gastritis, peptic ulcers, and stomach cancer have been reported to harbor H. pylori. The aim of this study was to determine the trends of Helicobacter Pylori infection among patients attending the Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital from 2018-2022, Bule Hora, Ethiopia. A hospital-based retrospective study design was conducted to recruit 314 sampled data from the logbook, which were five-year data (2018-2022) from the Bule Hora University Teaching Hospitals. Data were extracted using structured checklists. The sample size was calculated using the single-population proportion formula. Study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were entered in EpiData 4.6 and exported to SPSS Version 26 for analysis. Approximately 314 complete data from selected participants were collected and evaluated for the present study. The mean age was 29.01 (SD ± 4.93). Most of the respondents (39.2%) were in the age group of 21 to 30 years. The general prevalence of H. pylori observed in this study is 28% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23-32.9). The prevalence was higher in women (71.6%) than in men (28.4%). In terms of age category, those over 60 years of age were observed with the highest positiveness for H. pylori with 38.1% and the trend of H. pylori prevalence fluctuated from 2018 to 2022. In total, 28% of the study participants had H. pylori, but there was variation in the prevalence of H. pylori infection between 2018 and 2022. Compared to other age groups, the 60-year-old age group had a higher prevalence of H. pylori and this prevalence continued to increase annually. The concerned parties must be interested in raising awareness and establishing criteria for the eradication of these bacteria.

Coupling an Autonomous UAV With a ML Framework for Sustainable Environmental Monitoring and Remote Sensing

Many countries face problems in monitoring plant problems and monitoring large environments, as until now, there is no accurate means of aerial monitoring through which concerned parties can benefit from watersheds, monitor large agricultural areas, and make wise environmental decisions regarding them. This paper describes a pioneering approach to develop smart agriculture using multimission drones equipped with dual cognitive modules (brains) that are powered by a machine learning (ML) framework. The first brain uses deep reinforcement learning (DRL) principles to enable autonomous flight, allowing drones to navigate complex agricultural terrain with agility and flexibility. The second brain is responsible for precise and crucial agricultural tasks: counting trees, detecting water locations, and observing and analyzing plants using the Faster R‐CNN algorithm. The system is linked with the ground station for control and command, as well as it includes an Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure equipped with sensors that collect soil parameters, which then get sent via 5G Wi‐Fi. The dual architecture of the drones, combined with the ground‐level IoT system, creates a comprehensive framework that not only enhances agricultural technologies but also aligns with environmental conservation goals, embodying a paradigm shift towards a greener and more sustainable future. Obtained results show reasonable results with an accuracy rate of 98%.

Strengthening the human resource potential as a basis for the development of the potable water supply and disposal sector of the Kyrgyz Republic

This article addresses the issue of development of the Professional and technical development programme for drinking water supply and disposal sector of the Kyrgyz Republic as a strategic document aimed to strengthen the human resource capacity of the sector and to create due conditions for its successful realisation. The programme was developed on the basis of evaluation of the training needs and the institutional potential, with the use of such research methods as desk review of documents, questioning, focus group discussions and in-depth interviewing. The programme envisages involvement of all concerned parties in facilitation of people’s access to drinking water: public authorities, potable water supply and disposal providers, international donors, educational organisations and other partners.

Incentivizing Fifth-Grade Students to Pursue Science Education: A Study on Encouraging Enrollment in STEM-Specialized High Schools

“STEM-Up” is a pioneering endeavor led by Grade 12 students from Philippine Science High School – Caraga Region Campus, designed to address the challenge of low enrollment rates from Buhangin Elementary School into the Philippine Science High School (PSHS). Grounded in the imperative to cultivate future scholars from Brgy. Buhangin, Butuan City, this project aims to introduce innovative strategies to augment enrollment figures and foster academic excellence. Drawing inspiration from pertinent literature on educational outreach and student motivation, STEM-Up is structured to empower fifth-grade students by providing tailored lessons geared towards excelling in the National Competitive Examination (NCE). The project also emphasizes the importance of mentorship and guidance in nurturing young talents towards realizing their potential to contribute meaningfully to national development. The methodology employed in STEM-Up encompasses a multifaceted approach, beginning with comprehensive engagement with stakeholders, including local authorities, school administrators, and target student cohorts. Initial phases involved the formulation of informed consent procedures, the selection of participants, and the dissemination of project details to the concerned parties. Leveraging insights from educational psychology and pedagogy, the curriculum design prioritized topics aligned with NCE requirements and tailored instructional methodologies to suit the learning needs of the target demographic. Implementation strategies included regular classroom sessions supplemented by interactive workshops and mentoring sessions aimed at instilling confidence and motivation among participants. Continuous assessment and feedback mechanisms were integrated to gauge student progress and adapt instructional strategies accordingly.

Analysis of Decision Number: 2/Pdt.Sus.HKI/Merek/2022/PN.Niaga Mdn Regarding the Dispute over the MS Glow and PS Glow Brands, Which Have Essential Similarities for Similar Goods

In the contemporary era of digital trade, with Indonesia's adherence to international conventions, the significance of brands and geographical indications cannot be overstated. These factors play a crucial role in upholding a fair and healthy business competition environment and safeguarding consumer interests. One particular instance that highlights the importance of these aspects is the brand dispute case involving MS Glow and PS Glow. The decision rendered by the Medan Commercial Court, which favored MS Glow, emphasized the significance of prior brand registration in conferring exclusive rights to the concerned party. The main objective of this research is to analyze the factors that judges take into account and the legal implications that arise from their decisions in court. The research methodology employed for this study is normative legal research, utilizing a combination of statutory analysis and case studies. Upon conducting this research, it has become apparent that the judgment made by the Medan Commercial Court in the trademark dispute between MS Glow and PS Glow was deemed unjust. This is primarily because the judge failed to consider certain crucial aspects in the decision-making process, specifically the fact that the MS Glow trademark was registered for class 32, which pertains to tea powder drinks, and not for cosmetic products. As a result, it was determined that PS Glow holds the exclusive rights to utilize the trademark. It is important to note that PS Glow's trademark registration with the Directorate General of Intellectual Property, under the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia, specifically covers class 3 goods and services, which includes cosmetics.

Predicting Financial Distress in the BIST Industrials Index: Evaluating Traditional Models and Clustering Techniques

Financial distress, which can lead to bankruptcy or liquidation, is important for companies, creditors, investors, and the economy. Recent financial crises and global economic fluctuations have brought this issue to the forefront. In an effort to foresee financial distress, methods like Altman's Z-score have been proposed while, recent developments have allowed for the incorporation of recent techniques like machine learning. The purpose of this study is to forecast the emergence of financial distress in BIST Industrials Index (XUSIN) companies by using the k-means clustering algorithm, Altman Z-score and Springate S-score models with firm level financial indicators where we investigated successful and unsuccessful companies. Our findings show that two companies met all three Altman Z-score, Zꞌ-score, S-score and financial situation criteria in 2011, 2012, 2015, and 2017; 2 companies in 2016 and 2018; 5 companies in 2013 and 2014; 4 companies in 2019; 1 company in 2020 where no companies are grouped in the same groups in 2021, which means the methods reach different results. It has been determined that the k-means clustering algorithm, particularly due to its higher separability, provides more accurate clustering results for the concerned parties compared to other methods.

Optimized Financial Planning: Integrating Individual and Cooperative Budgeting Models with LLM Recommendations

In today’s complex economic environment, individuals and households alike grapple with the challenge of financial planning. This paper introduces novel methodologies for both individual and cooperative (household) financial budgeting. We firstly propose an optimization framework for individual budget allocation, aiming to maximize savings by efficiently distributing monthly income among various expense categories. We then extend this model to households, wherein the complexity of handling multiple incomes and shared expenses is addressed. The cooperative model prioritizes not only maximized savings but also the preferences and needs of each member, fostering a harmonious financial environment, whether they are short-term needs or long-term aspirations. A notable innovation in our approach is the integration of recommendations from a large language model (LLM). Given its vast training data and potent inferential capabilities, the LLM provides initial feasible solutions to our optimization problems, acting as a guiding beacon for individuals and households unfamiliar with the nuances of financial planning. Our preliminary results indicate that the LLM-recommended solutions result in budget plans that are both economically sound, meaning that they are consistent with established financial management principles and promote fiscal resilience and stability, and aligned with the financial goals and preferences of the concerned parties. This integration of AI-driven recommendations with econometric models, as an instantiation of an extended coevolutionary (EC) theory, paves the way for a new era in financial planning, making it more accessible and effective for a wider audience, as we propose an example of a new theory in economics where human behavior can be greatly influenced by AI agents.