Conceptual Pictures Research Articles

Gas Hydrate Plugging Mechanisms during Transient Shut–In/Restart Operation in Fully Dispersed Systems

Gas hydrate formation poses a significant challenge in offshore oil and gas production, particularly during cold restarts after extended shut–ins, which can lead to pipeline blockages. Although steady–state models have traditionally been used to predict hydrate formation under continuous production conditions, these models are often inadequate for transient operations due to issues like near–zero fluid flow shear affecting the viscosity calculations of hydrate slurries. This study introduces novel conceptual models for dispersed water–in–crude oil systems specifically designed for cold restart scenarios. The models are supported by direct observations and various experimental approaches, including bottle tests, rheometer measurements, micromechanical force apparatus, and rocking cell studies, which elucidate the underlying mechanisms of hydrate formation. Additionally, this work introduces a modeling approach to represent conceptual pictures, incorporating particle settling and yield stress, to determine whether the system will plug or not upon restart. Validation is provided through transient large–scale flowloop tests, confirming the plugging mechanisms outlined. This comprehensive approach offers insights into conditions that may safely prevent or potentially lead to blockages in the fully dispersed system during field restarts, thereby enhancing the understanding and management of gas hydrate risks in offshore oil and gas operations.

LINGUISTIC AND SUGGESTIVE TECHNOLOGIES OF INFORMATION WARFARE (TO THE DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT)

The study of suggestive technologies of information warfare has only recently become a topic of linguistic research in Ukraine. Russian propaganda employs these techniques in the context of information warfare, which has accompanied Russia`s full-scale invasion of our country. The objective of this warfare is to achieve a number of strategic goals, including the disintegration of communications, the primitivisation of reality, the conceptualization of lies, the creation of fake realities, the formation of desired behavior, the levelling of national conceptual pictures of the world, the replacement of these pictures with the idea of the "Russian world"; the changing of forms of self-determination (national, religious, value). The concept of linguistic suggestive technology remains a contested notion within the field of linguistics, with no consensus emerging on an agreed definition. The objective of this article is to propose a definition of the concept of linguistic suggestive technology based on an analysis of existing approaches to suggestive technologies; to prove the hierarchy of the concepts of linguistic suggestive technology and linguistic suggestive technique; to demonstrate the possibilities of linguistic analysis of multimodal discourse of information warfare based on the separation of linguistic suggestive technologies and tactics. A systematic study of linguistic suggestive technologies and techniques is a pressing necessity, as it enables the professional debunking of enemy propaganda and the development of proactive counter-suggestive influence. The author proposes that linguistic suggestive technology be defined as a set of methods (techniques) for processing, producing, and disseminating multimodally organized content with the goal of reducing the consciousness and criticality of target audiences when perceiving the suggestive content, shaping their desired behavior, and changing their system of values. Linguistic suggestive technique, in turn, can be defined as a certain way of processing, producing, and disseminating suggestive content. The set of linguistic suggestive technologies may vary depending on the purpose, objectives and target audiences of the information influence. The linguistic suggestive techniques that implement the technologies can be summarized by 14 "Sleight of Mouth", proposed by R. Dilts.

THE LINGUISTIC WORLD PICTURE AS ONE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF MODERN LINGUISTICS

This article explores the concept of the linguistic world picture as one of the fundamental concepts of modern linguistics. The essence of linguistic world pictures, the sources of their formation, functions and classification are investigated. The concepts of conceptual and linguistic world pictures are presented, taking into account their native speakers. The necessity of distinguishing the linguistic world picture from others is substantiated. The linguistic consciousness of a person and the meaning in the linguistic world picture and its mental formations are investigated.

LINGUOCULTURAL FEATURES OF THE CONCEPT SEA IN THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING PRESS (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF «THE TIMES» HEADLINES)

The sea, in all its scope and variety of denotative sphere, is one of the most important factors in the geopolitical location of Great Britain. The image-concept of the SEA is key in the linguistic consciousness of English people, which is objectivized in linguistic and conceptual pictures of the world. This fact is reflected in linguistic semantics and communicative activity. The relevance of our research is due to the need to study the phenomenon of the sea as a separate, independent cultural sphere of existence, without which it is impossible to imagine the course of the historical development of Great Britain, as well as to identify the relevant semantic components that form the concept of SEA. The specificity and semiotic richness of the concept of SEA is directly related to the historical and cultural experience of British people, to the peculiarities of the geographical location — living on the island, and to the realities that surround the representatives of this nationality. The study of the marine fragment of the world picture of the British became the object of this research for the reason that the world, natural objects and phenomena are part of the cultural world of the British linguistic community. The identification of the national cultural specificity of the linguistic consciousness of the speakers of this culture is related to the study of the content of everyday ideas about the real world. The sea, which is an integral part of the British landscape, has always had a great influence on the identity and language of this nation. The purpose of the research is to identify the specifics of the functioning of the lexeme “sea” within the framework of the linguistic-cultural concept of SEA and its comprehensive description based on the material of newspaper headlines. The subject of the research is the studying of structural and semantic characteristics, information rubrication of the titles in the newspaper discourse, which is part of the concept of SEA. The work is carried out within the framework of the theory of the linguistic and cultural approach, which is a synthesis of several research methods, including conceptual analysis, definitional analysis, and the field method. The research was conducted on the material of the English language. The source of language material was the headlines of magazine texts of the British periodical “The Times” for the period from July 1, 2021 to July 1, 2022.

ENGLISH CONCEPT LORD: SECULAR, RELIGIOUS AND ARTISTIC ASPECTS OF STUDY

The article presents an analysis of the linguocultural and cultural-historical aspects of the functioning and verbalization of the English concept LORD. Our research is based on the study of the semantic content of the concept presented in its key nomination lord. The purpose of our study was to identify the main factors and directions of the development of the concept. The object of the study is the nature and principles of the increase in the concept, its transformation under the influence of cultural and historical factors, ideological and artistic ideas, as well as the actual linguistic principles of transformations of the lexical unit lord representing it. The subject of the study is lexicographic data, semantic characteristics of the lexeme lord. By studying the functioning of the lexeme representing the concept in the secular, religious and artistic linguo-cultural planes and the corresponding semantic transformations on the basis of the analyzed lexicographic sources, the nominative field of the English-language concept LORD is modeled. During the study, we came to the following results. The lexeme lord is the central term of the cultural concept LORD — the lord, the ruler and master, the vicegerent of God on earth or God Himself. The considered concept is a multi-tiered system that covers the attitude of the representatives of the English linguistic community to the vital spheres of their existence: religious, social class or artistic and figurative affiliation. The semantic content of the lexeme has expanded over the centuries, and the lexeme began to serve as a nomination in two different planes of social models of the world: religious and secular. All pre-Christian accumulation and all chronologically coinciding pre-Christian representations of the concept act as the basic charge for the embodiment of the Christian idea of denoting God, which, since the 12th century, has borrowed the tradition of treating God as the Lord, and to the lords as the Lord’s vicars on earth. The plane of the ideological priority meaning of this lexeme in the Christian picture of the world as an appeal to the Lord, universal for European cultures, remains only one “pole” of the concept consideration. The second meaning, which is included in the nuclear zone of the nominative field of the key lexeme, denoting the concept, incorporates a purely national, English concept. This semantic part of the concept is due to the sphere of secular ideas, which are more mundane in the conceptual and linguistic pictures of the world. This meaning acts as an independent nuclear subsphere containing a reference to a specific, ethnically dependent reality — a courtesy title, an ethnic identifier. Conclusions: Due to its conceptual «insecurity», the concept LORD is far from being a stable system. The process of conceptualization of its key nomination lord continues for objective reasons — the influence of new cultural trends, including the heroes of popular books and cinema, political transformations, leading figures who have and receive the title of lord.

ЛЕКСИКО-СЕМАНТИЧНІ НОВАЦІЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ В УМОВАХ СУЧАСНОЇ ВІЙНИ

The article is devoted to the study of the mechanisms of the secondary nomination of the qualitatively categorical paradigm through the prism of cognition, the choice of linguistic tools in particular, and the influence of linguistic personality in general. Issues of the bilateral relationship and mutual influence of the culture and language of the ethnic group, the formation of conceptual and linguistic pictures of world perception are considered. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the formation of lexical innovations in the modern Ukrainian language to denote different domains of the concept of "war". It traces lexical-semantic shifts influenced by the judgment of military aggression and criticism of political and war crimes committed by the aggressor country. The scientific research contains the elements of axiology since the linguistic analysis of lexical innovations makes it possible to clarify the mechanisms of verbalization of linguistic consciousness that are impelled by extralinguistic factors and realized with a vivid change of connotation (sometimes from zero) to strongly pejorative. The article emphasizes that the accelerated pace of the appearance of lexical innovations is dictated by the emotional state of native speakers. Therefore the mental basis of nomination is not limited to the laws and extralinguistic reasons for language development and is a category not only of ethnolinguistics but also of psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics, because it is formed through the prism of the cognition of an individual speaker and the whole society. Groups of innovations were identified and analyzed for the indication of the following lexical fields: „country”, „military”, „mobilized”, „politician”, „propagandist”, „weapons”, „attitude to the war”. The evident fact of the dynamics of the status and functions of the Ukrainian language lexical innovations in the conditions of the current Russian-Ukrainian war has been proven. The basis of their emergence has been determined, and the norm, the practice of using innovations, and the ways of their appearance have been outlined.

Peculiarities of Advertising Information Representation in the English-Language Mass Media Discourse

The relevance of the study is driven by the role of advertising as a genre of mass media discourse in the formation of collective and individual conceptual and linguistic pictures of the world, the conceptual system of the subject of interpretation of the world around him, human consciousness, structuring, formation and transformation of knowledge about the world, and interpretation of knowledge. The research material was modern English-language advertising messages on the English-language Internet. The analysis of the practical material has shown that although the analyzed advertising messages do not directly indicate the evaluation of a product or commodity, it is still implicitly traced: some advertising messages advertise high-quality, new products, while others contain an appeal. It is concluded that the linguistic interpretation of advertising messages is represented by three types: selective, classifying, and evaluative. When interpreting an advertising message, a person, as a representative of a certain society, chooses in his or her mind those units of knowledge about an object of the surrounding world that he or she possesses. In other words, selective conceptualization takes place, which means that the selective function of interpretation is realized. The classifying type of linguistic interpretation implies an appeal to certain emotions and feelings of the subject of interpretation, as well as the division of goods into categories (tasty, useful, high-quality, new), which is evident in advertising messages. It has been proven that the implicit evaluation of goods and services as objects of interpretation indicates the evaluative type of linguistic interpretation.

Semantics and linguocultural potential of comparative paremias (Based on the material from the collection of Matviy Nomys “Ukrainian sayings, proverbs, and so on”)

The article is devoted to the analysis of comparative paremias with a conjunctive component, attested in the collection of Matviy Nomys “Ukrainian sayings, proverbs, and so on”. These comparative constructions are classified taking into account the semantic features of lexemes denoting objects of comparison, 4 thematic groups of the considered units are distinguished: paremias with the object of comparison “Nature”, paremias with the object of comparison “Man”, paremias with the object of comparison “Elements of everyday life”, paremies with the object of comparison “Elements of folk-religious beliefs”, as well as subgroups of each of them. Using the examples of core subgroups of 2 thematic groups, it was shown that the considered paremias are a valuable informative source for studying the specifics of the Ukrainian language of the 19th century, the way of thinking of our ancestors, and the reconstruction of the partially lost fragments of the linguistic and, accordingly, conceptual world pictures of the Ukrainians of that time. The linguocultural potential of comparative paremias is considered on specific examples. A thorough analysis of the paremiñ units attested in the collection of Matviy Nomys also allowed us to trace the lexical and dialectal features of the Ukrainian language of that period. In particular, the study showed that the paremias contains an extremely large number of archaic lexemes, each of them helps to delve deeper into the linguistic world of our ancestors, and also a considerable number of considered units are regionally marked, that is, they contain dialectisms. Keywords: comparative paremias, thematic group, object of comparison, linguistic picture of the world of Ukrainians of the 19th century, linguocultural code.

Онімний простір українських компаративних паремій (на матеріалі збірки Матвія Номиса “Українські приказки, прислів’я і таке інше”)

Background. In today’s dynamic world, Ukrainians, like other peoples, are trying to preserve their national identity. Studying the peculiarities of the linguistic world of our ancestors becomes a primary task in modern linguistics, because language is a kind of mediator that ensures continuous communication between different generations. For many of us, it is important to feel the persistence of language and cultural traditions. The paremic subsystem of the Ukrainian language is the most interesting and the most eloquent. The study of paremias not only makes it possible to delve into the depths of the ages and trace the purely lexical or grammatical features of the language at a certain synchronous section, but also to try to reproduce important fragments of the linguistic picture of the world of our ancestors, which will help to understand their way of thinking. The purpose of this study is to find out the peculiarities of the organization of the onymic space of comparative paremias, attested in the collection of M. Nomys “Ukrainian proverbs, sayings, and the like” (1864), to determine the role of precedent onyms, which are important components of comparative proverbs and sayings, in the linguistic picture of the world of Ukrainians of the 19th century. Methods. The comparative and qualitative methods were applied. Results. During the study, the structure of the onymic space was characterized, its components – onymic fields (anthroponymic, toponymic, as well as ethnonymic) were distinguished and analyzed. It was found that the anthroponymic field is quite informative and bright, which most often includes units with such anthroponyms and their derivatives: Настя, Сидір, Хведько, Семен, etc. In addition, comparative paremias with precedent onyms (Гоне, як вітрів батько; Побілів, як Пилат) are considered and characterized. The onymic components of these units have a wide cultural and historical context, and are also powerful linguistic and ethnocultural codes of the Ukrainian people. The field of toponyms is valuable for the study of socio-historical realities. Proverbs and sayings often include the following toponyms and their derivatives: Очаків, Переяслав, Поділля, Полісся, etc. It is not surprising that the ethnonymic field is the largest. The collection of M. Nomys contains proverbs and sayings, which include the following ethnonyms: жид, циган, москаль, русин, швед, татарин, etc. The conducted study of the onymic space of Ukrainian comparative paremias made it possible to characterize the system of views and value orientations of our ancestors, to reconstruct the fragments of the linguistic and conceptual pictures of the world of Ukrainians of the 19th century, which are partly lost today.

Verbalization of the Complex Concept Word/Language/Speech from Dual Linguistics Perspective

The verbalization of the concept WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH is a complex phenomenon is viewed from the point of view of a new humanitarian branch – dual linguistics, a combination of scientific and naive interpretation of language in the contemporary English lexicography. Language means verbalizing and explaining such interrelated notions as language, word, and speech, constitutes a mosaic-like unity of nominative units fixed in current lexicographic resources. It is proved that the interpretation of this particular phenomenon in the conceptual and linguistic pictures of the world of an average speaker and professional linguist is radically different. The dual linguistics perspective makes it possible to distinguish the two nominative fields of the studied concept: one for the naive and the other for the scientific pictures of the world. Factual data of the study that has been analyzed were drawn, respectively, on the one hand, from general (explanatory) and, on the other hand, special (linguistic) dictionaries of the English language. The primary task of this research is to describe the nuclear zone of the nominative field of the concept WORD/ LANGUAGE / SPEECH, which presupposes the naïve and scientific understanding of language through the prism of English lexicography.

Delocalization error: The greatest outstanding challenge in density‐functional theory

AbstractEvery day, density‐functional theory (DFT) is routinely applied to computational modeling of molecules and materials with the expectation of high accuracy. However, in certain situations, popular density‐functional approximations (DFAs) have the potential to give substantial quantitative, and even qualitative, errors. The most common class of error is delocalization error, which is an overarching term that also encompasses the one‐electron self‐interaction error. In our opinion, its resolution remains the greatest outstanding challenge in DFT development. In this paper, we review the history of delocalization error and provide several complimentary conceptual pictures for its interpretation, along with illustrative examples of its various manifestations. Approaches to reduce delocalization error are discussed, as is its interplay with other shortcomings of popular DFAs, including treatment of non‐bonded repulsion and neglect of London dispersion.This article is categorized under: Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory

THE INTERACTION OF LINGUISTIC AND CONCEPTUAL PICTURES OF THE WORLD

The article analyzes the notions of linguistic and conceptual pictures of the world and reveals the peculiarities of their interaction. It was found that in linguistics, the picture of the world is generally understood as an ordered set of knowledge about reality, which is formed in the social, group and individual consciousness. As a result of the analysis of modern linguistic sources it is established that the picture of the world is a complex system of images that reflect reality in the collective and individual consciousness. The picture of the world consists of conceptual and linguistic pictures that are interdependent. The conceptual picture of the world is a field of thought, which is a set of ideas, concepts and knowledge about the world around us and the principles of its organization, and language is a product of verbal realization of these concepts, ideas and knowledge. Linguistic reading of the picture of the world is nationally specific. The national linguistic picture of the world is seen as an ethnically determined understanding and evaluation of the surrounding world in relation to a particular ethnic group, reflected in linguistic forms.

A theory of entropic bonding

Entropy alone can self-assemble hard nanoparticles into colloidal crystals of remarkable complexity whose structures are the same as atomic and molecular crystals, but with larger lattice spacings. Molecular simulation is a powerful tool used extensively to study the self-assembly of ordered phases from disordered fluid phases of atoms, molecules, or nanoparticles. However, it is not yet possible to predict colloidal crystal structures a priori from particle shape as we can for atomic crystals from electronic valency. Here, we present such a first-principles theory. By calculating and minimizing excluded volume within the framework of statistical mechanics, we describe the directional entropic forces that collectively emerge between hard shapes, in familiar terms used to describe chemical bonds. We validate our theory by demonstrating that it predicts thermodynamically preferred structures for four families of hard polyhedra that match, in every instance, previous simulation results. The success of this first-principles approach to entropic colloidal crystal structure prediction furthers fundamental understanding of both entropically driven crystallization and conceptual pictures of bonding in matter.

АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЯЗЫКОЗНАНИЯ И КУЛЬТУРЫ ОБЩЕНИЯ

In the modern world, the process of effective communication is a demanded and integral phenomenon, while not without problems associated with a misunderstanding of speech, cultural and ethnic components, as well as the phenomenon of language in conjunction with the culture of communication and cognition. The article discusses some of the causes of communication barriers and inconsistencies on the part of linguistics, intercultural communication, linguoculturology in a single context, including due to differences in linguistic worldviews and concept spheres, as well as the effect of cultural stereotypes, features of national characters and communicative asymmetry, supposed similarities with the native culture and ethnocentrism. The problems of the culture of the language are indicated as a historically formed ethnic type of thinking and insufficient theoretical justification for the accumulated practice of the interaction of cultures, taking into account the fundamental constants of culture, reflecting the mental characteristics of nations. The proposed set of recommendations for effective communication, taking into account the peculiarities of the interaction of different cultures to overcome intercultural differences, in the form of a cultural barrier and conflicts, as well as questions regarding different conceptual (cultural or conceptual) pictures of the world, will contribute not only to the establishment of an intercultural communication process, but also to the abandonment of mutual positive imprint from interaction among representatives of different cultures.

Сoncepts of the newest explanatory dictionaries of the Ukrainian language and problems of metalexicography

Powerful development of the latest explanatory lexicography contributes to the deepening of the theory of lexicography and to the development of its terminological apparatus. Compilation of new explanatory dictionaries (one-volume Dictionary of the Creative Personality Language of Ukraine of the Second Half of the 20th — Early 21th Century and multi-volume Dictionary of the Active Type Ukrainian Language) is conducted in conjunction with theoretical research of lexicographical set of instruments and modeling of the new linguistic and linguoculturological objects that appears on the basis of the modern lexicographic works. Lexicographers of the Institute for the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine actively use macrostructural means of material systematizing and scientifically prove their importance for modeling of linguistic and conceptual pictures of the world. We approve a new method of integral linguistic modeling, on the basis of which the lexical core of the language, ideographic groups of vocabulary, conceptual dominants of the Ukrainian worldview, and systems of figurative means and stable word combinations appear. The typology of dictionaries is undergoing innovative changes. Each newest explanatory dictionary appears as an integral (complex, universal) because the new dictionaries contain significant amount of diverse information. We trace the strengthening of a new direction of integral linguistic research and the active development of metalexicography. The newest dictionaries emphasize the powerful spiritual development of Ukrainian society, its desire for independence and relentless understanding of the linguistic and cultural features of other nations in the world. Explanatory dictionaries of the Ukrainian language of the XXI century are axiologically oriented. They register values common to all mankind as well as national ones, strengthen the process of operating of the Ukrainian language as a state one in Ukraine. They also register understanding the fact that integral type explanatory dictionaries have the leading value in the development of the state of Ukraine. Keywords: metalexicography, explanatory dictionary, dictionary of the creative personality language, dictionary of active vocabulary, integral dictionary, lexical core of language, method of integral linguistic modeling

ПЕРЕКЛАД ЯК ТРАНСФЕР КУЛЬТУРИ (ХУДОЖНІЙ, НАУКОВО-ТЕХНІЧНИЙ ТА МЕДІА-ДИСКУРС)

The presented article is devoted to the problem of cultural transfer during the translation of various discourses (artistic, scientific, technical and media discourse). It systematizes the views on translation after the «cultural turn», explains the emergence of the term of «translatology» as a science of translation in conjuction with ist extralingual reality and provides an interpretation of culture within this discipline. In addition, the idea of ​​cultural translation as a hybrid space has been formed, with loyally coexisting representatives of different cultures. In contrast to multiculturalism, transculturalism is considered as a common phenomenon of cultural contamination in todayʼs globalized world. The article outlines realities and their types as culturally specific words and untranslatable terms, as well as explains the presence of respective concepts in a linguistic culture, the absence of which causes lacunae in other linguistic and conceptual pictures of the world. In literary translation, it is worth determining what to translate in order to spread own culture abroad and enrich the achievements of world literature, as well as taking into account artisticality in the work, because what is said is not always intended by the author. Translation problems in media discourse are represented by a large number of neoplasms, as this type of discourse responds quickly to world events and provides them with a description or evaluation. A separate factor in the transmission of culture is the media discourse as a discourse of manipulation causes specific translational difficulties. The article represents the peculiarities of culture transmission in the professional literature, which is reflected in terms of the legislation features and other social sectors of the nation.

Verbalization of evaluation in prose and dramatic genres

The article deals with the study of the peculiarities of linguistic expression of the category of assessment, which as a universal language category operating at different language levels, plays an important role in the choice of native speakers and, consequently, culture, language means of information and is equally important for mental processes of perception, comprehension and acceptance or non-acceptance of this information. The publications in the scientific literature on various aspects of the study of the category of evaluation in terms of language have been reviewed. The analysis of the peculiarities of verbalization of the category of evaluation is carried out on the material of fictional and dramatic discourse, which is a productive language environment for studying the category of evaluation, because through verbalized national-cultural ideas and stereotypes are reflected the conceptual and linguistic pictures of the world. First of all, this category is manifested in the language and characteristics of the characters. Special attention is paid to the characters of a (chynovnyk, pan, a pani, a panna and a cossack, verbalized in the fictional and dramatic discourse of the XIX century. Evaluative characteristics, which are the elements of language modeling of fictional images, served as a basis for distinguishing the following types of evaluation: positive and negative evaluation in the structure of the text narrative, neutral evaluation, hidden positive evaluation, author's evaluation, evaluation by other characters. A positive evaluation in the language of fiction is shown by the linguistic means of creating the character of a cossack. Negative assessment was found in the linguistic means of creating the image of the pan (landlord), the images of the pani and panna are ambivalent. Evaluation is present both in the language of the characters and in the author's characteristics or comments. The object of evaluation in the fictional and dramatic genres can be both internal and external characteristics of the characters, and external characteristics are often marked by positive evaluation, while internal features have either negative or ambivalent evaluation characteristics. It was found that the ways of realization of positive or negative evaluation in the language of fiction are quite diverse. They depend on the literary and fictional methods, the creative manner of the writer and reflect his worldview.

Fractality as a Fundamental Principle of Monument Poems Organization

Tere is a centuries-old tradition of writing monument poems, while their content and form changed under the influence of the artistic context of different literary eras and due to differences in the authors’ conceptual pictures of the world. Tis type of poetic texts is the object of research by Russian and foreign scholars, but the approach to the analysis of “monuments” is rather one-sided: they are studied from the point of view of preserving and developing genre traditions. Te article offers a new look into this phenomenon − the fractal principle of the monument poems organization. Te relevance of the problem is beyond doubt, since synergetic research makes it possible to illuminate in a new way the stages of a literary text formation due to the inclusion of various monument poems in the intertext of Russian literature. Poems-”monuments” with a fractal organization, act as a nonlinear synergistic self-organizing system. Self-similarity is the main property of fractals, causing fractal changes, which repeat themselves on different scales and take different confgurations. Using the methods of linguistic observation, conceptual analysis and the descriptive method, the author comes to the following conclusions: in classical texts a monument poem acts as a semantic fractal, since the texts practically do not change structurally and contain all markers of the conceptual fractal. Non-classical texts are represented as a structural fractal, because they preserve only general formal features of a conceptual fractal, its content is subject to transformation by the poet’s artistic intention, specifc historical time and other factors.

Латинізми як джерело збагачення мовної картини творчості Лесі Українки

The article analyses Latinisms which constitute a significant part of Lesia Ukrainka’s works and enrich her vocabulary. Author substantiates that Latin remains the key source of lexical borrowings which belong to the terms of the general European culture for both Ukrainian and most European languages. Words of Latin origin represented in semantic blocks, corresponding to a particular space in conceptual and linguistic world pictures were collected and grouped from Lesia Ukrainka’s works. Author determined the peculiarities of Latin words in the language of Lesia Ukrainka’s works and analyzed the most frequently used terms formed by means of Latin word-building elements and investigated their semantics and formal structure. Latinisms are a large part of Lesia Ukrainka’s vocabulary and enrich her word arsenal. Lesia Ukrainka by means of her genius sense collected such foreign words which were only of urgent need. Using Latinisms is caused by the sense of proportion, deep understanding of necessity to use particular Latin words, terms and eloquent expressions which were distinctive features of Lesia Ukrainka’s writing style. Determinologization of Latinisms demonstrated by epistolary texts shows the peculiarities of their usage in Ukrainian literature of those times. Semantically these Latinisms are used for nomination of terms from social-political, educational-scientific, financial-economic, literary and law spheres of life, belonging to the bookish lexicon.

Мулла Садра и проблема специфики исламской философии

In this country, the name of Mullah Sadra is known to very few specialists, while con-temporary western scholars consider Sadra one of the classics of Muslim culture. These points define the structure and the content of this paper: what the word Islamic means in relation to philosophy and what caused such a high assessment of this person's creativity. In the first part, the author notes that any worldview reflects three attitudes of a person to the world, and on this basis then defines the difference in Islamic, Christian and Buddhist world outlooks. The second part is the description of the life path of ad-Din Shirazi from his discipleship, when his mentors were Mir Damad and Sheikh ul Islam Bahá'í, up to his return to Shiraz. Here the author dwells on the motives of Sadra's «hermitage» in Kohak. The specifics of Islamic philosophy is the sub-ject of the third section. The author considers the views of S. Meisami, M. Bilalov and O. Limen and concludes that the solution to this problem is not yet visible. In this regard, the heuristic po-tential of A. Smirnov’s «logical-semantic» theory suggesting to consider this specificity through the prism of relationship between the linguistic and conceptual (logical) pictures of the world, is discussed. The conclusion summarizes the author's reflections on the specifics of Arab-Muslim philosophy and Sadra's role in its development.