Concept Of Matter Research Articles

The State of Nationalism (SoN): Nationalism and International Conflict

Does nationalism increase the probability of international conflict? An affirmative answer has intuitive appeal: Nationalists promote force to protect their land and people from foreign threats. Research on nationalism in international conflict implicates elites, masses, and political interactions between these actors when asserting its status as a powerful force that raises the risk for interstate wars. Yet both micro- and macro-level evidence cautions against drawing broad conclusions about how nationalism affects conflict. Nationalism sometimes prompts aggression. In other contexts, nationalism produces restraint. Systematic knowledge about how nationalism relates to international conflict therefore requires answers to questions about which nationalisms promote conflict and whose nationalism matters. This article first reviews theory and evidence about nationalism’s conflict-causing potential. We discuss the microfoundations that link nationalism to foreign policy attitudes before describing research that implicates nationalism as a cause of militarized conflict. Next, we argue that understanding the complex relationships between nationalism and conflict requires theorizing the causal processes that connect various stakeholders’ nationalism to foreign policy outcomes. Moreover, research on identity content suggests that nationalism is compatible with a variety of foreign policy preferences. Throughout, we centre research that features nationalism as a principal independent variable or causal mechanism precipitating conflict. Any review about nationalism must contend with the delicate matter of conceptualization — the field contains nearly as many definitions for nationalism as articles about nationalism and war. The research we discuss variously describes nationalism as an identity, ideology, or belief, for example. For our purposes, nationalism captures a set of sentiments related to a national group and its superiority. This broad perspective centers the phenomenon implicated in international conflict research.

Tempering the Security Council’s Expanded Perception of Threats to the Peace

Abstract The United Nations (UN) Security Council has expanded its understanding of threats to the peace with varying support from states. Some members of the Council have simultaneously sought to temper this development, both by providing caveats in the text of resolutions and by making statements when adopting the resolutions. This article examines how the Security Council and its members have justified their positions and actions in situations that may constitute threats to the peace. Existing scholarship has covered conceptual matters relating to Chapters vi and vii of the UN Charter, often illustrated with selected incidents. The contribution of this study is a systematic empirical analysis of how references to threats to the peace have evolved at and within the UN Security Council 1989–2019. The study combines broad quantitative analysis with qualitative case studies illustrating both the expansion of the Council’s perception of threats and the attempts by some states to temper this expansion.

Quasi-particle functional renormalisation group calculations in the two-dimensional t-t'-Hubbard model

We extend and apply a recently introduced quasi-particle functional renormalisation group scheme to the two-dimensional Hubbard model with next-nearest-neighbour hopping and away from half filling. We confirm the generation of superconducting correlations in some regions of the phase diagram, but also find that the inclusion of self-energy feedback by means of a decreasing quasi-particle weight can suppress superconducting tendencies more than anti-ferromagnetic correlations by which they are generated. As a supplement, we provide sample results for the self-energy in second-order perturbation theory and address some conceptual matters.

Dilemmas with Disciplinary Hierarchies and Ideals of Scientific Research in the Study of Religion

While strictly conceptual matters have dominated much of the discussion concerning religion as an object of scientific research, different understandings of the scientific character of the study of religion have also always had a significant role in the scholarly self-understanding. Here two significant conceptualizations of this scientific character—that of the so-called new scientificity (as advocated mostly by scholars from the cognitive science of religion) as well as that of the comparative history of religion—are described in detail and then thoroughly analyzed and criticized. It will be shown how both conceptualizations face problems, but those of the new scientificity are significantly more serious. Lastly, some more general reflections will be offered concerning the significance of these matters for the study of religion overall.

Error rates and proficiency tests in the fingerprint domain: A matter of perspective and conceptualization

The purpose of this work is to critically analyse the aspects connected both with the measurement of error rates and with the design of proficiency tests and collaborative exercises in the fingerprint domain. All from the dual perspective of practitioners and organizers of PT’s/CE’s. A thorough analysis of the types of errors, of the methods to infer them through black-box studies and PT’s/CE’s is carried out, and the limits to the generalization of error rates are described, providing insightful indication on how to design PT’s/CE’s in the fingerprint domain, which are aimed to represent the complexity of casework.

Review: Diners, Dudes, and Diets. How Gender and Power Collide in Food Media and Culture, by Emily J. H. Contois

Review: <i>Diners, Dudes, and Diets. How Gender and Power Collide in Food Media and Culture</i>, by Emily J. H. Contois

On Rewriting Buddhism

Abstract Through a detailed reading of a recent study of medieval Buddhism and politics in Sri Lanka in conjunction with a number of other works, this article explores the troubling legacy of translating the historical questions of subjectivity into the modern language of ‘agency’, ‘autonomy’, ‘innovation’, and ‘creativity’. This legacy cannot easily be separated from the politics of white privilege in post-colonial studies of Buddhism and South Asian religion. The problem with trying to expose creativity, so pervasive in the studies of South Asian religion, is not merely a matter of anachronistic conceptualization of divergent historical forms of religious practice and subjectivity. It is that the very possibility of translating subjectivity into easily digestible aestheticized modes of being (e.g., creativity) is predicated on an uninterrogated assumption about the self-evidence of such concepts independent of temporal forms of power encountered in forms of life.

Philosophy for coaching rather than philosophy of coaching: some conceptual clarifications

ABSTRACT This paper applies some central thoughts and ways of doing philosophy from the work of Ludwig Wittgenstein. I will draw attention to several of the tempting, yet potentially misleading ideas that concern some sports coaching scholars. Reflecting upon the corpus of research in the area, and the sociology of sports coaching in particular, the paper will argue that such inquiry relies far too heavily upon empirical methods and thus raises further, and deeper, conceptual confusions. Inspired by Wittgenstein’s “therapeutic” and “descriptive” approach to philosophy and the work of Peter Winch, the paper will expose some features of the concepts of “behaviour” and “habitus”. In the spirit of Wittgenstein, these ideas are not offered as new additions to the ever-increasing palette of theory or methods on offer. The paper offers no new knowledge in this sense but instead, more modestly, a perspicuous description of some conceptual matters.

Seeing by proxy: Specifying “professional vision”

Professional vision has become a key concept for the study of expertise. This paper celebrates the sophistication of Charles Goodwin's (1994) formulation of the concept by specifying a form of professional vision, rather than relying on its coinage to do the work of analysis. Video of a public astronomy education session in a Portuguese observatory shows how the astronomer instructs a young boy to recognize sunspots against the background of the Sun. The astronomer is unable to see what the visitor sees; yet he can explain the visitor's observation, which he does through a question and answer sequence. We call this practice of making astronomical sense of observations “seeing by proxy”. Seeing by proxy specifies professional vision as a cultural method of instruction. It particularizes professional vision as a praxeological not a conceptual matter.

How to do things with Foucault (legally)

AbstractIn this essay, I discuss the legal theorist, Peter Fitzpatrick's, reading of philosopher Michel Foucault. My intent is to show how and why Foucault was important to Fitzpatrick and what this reveals about the latter's practices of reading. I characterise this particular reading in three ways. First, against the disciplinary tendency to assume that Foucault is more useful to lawyers for how he approaches law (as method), Fitzpatrick takes seriously what Foucault has to say about law as a conceptual matter. Fitzpatrick hence reads Foucault as a legal thinker. Second, Fitzpatrick does not restrict himself to the conventional archive of Foucauldian texts that legal scholars routinely consult, but reads more widely and creatively in his search for law. Third, Fitzpatrick reads Foucault open-endedly and generously rather than instrumentally or dismissively – textual ambivalence and contradiction are always, in his hands, sources of creative possibility and insight. This leads into some concluding reflections about Fitzpatrick's practice of critically rereading thinkers – all thinkers, not simply Foucault.

Practical Intelligibility and Moral Skepticism: Should Realists Worry About Grass‐Counters and Hand‐Claspers?

AbstractThe focus of this paper is the following claim: as a purely conceptual matter, the moral truths could be pretty much anything, and we should assume this in assessing our reliability at grasping moral truths. This claim, which I call No Content, plays a key role in an important skeptical argument against realist moral knowledge – the Normative Lottery Argument. In this paper, I argue that moral realists can, and should, reject No Content. My argument centers on the idea of practical intelligibility. I explore different aspects of practical intelligibility, and I argue that such intelligibility sets a constraint on the possibilities we should consider when assessing our reliability at grasping moral truths.

How to Do Things with Foucault (Legally)

In this essay I discuss the legal theorist, Peter Fitzpatrick’s, reading of philosopher, Michel Foucault. My intent is to show how and why Foucault was important to Fitzpatrick and what this reveals about the latter’s practices of reading. I characterise this particular reading in three ways. First, against the disciplinary tendency to assume that Foucault is more useful to lawyers for how he approaches law (as method), Fitzpatrick takes seriously what Foucault has to say about law as a conceptual matter. Fitzpatrick hence reads Foucault as a legal thinker. Secondly, Fitzpatrick does not restrict himself to the conventional archive of Foucauldian texts that legal scholars routinely consult, but reads more widely and creatively in his search for law. Thirdly, Fitzpatrick reads Foucault open-endedly and generously rather than instrumentally or dismissively – textual ambivalence and contradiction is always in his hands a source of creative possibility and insight. This leads into some concluding reflections about Fitzpatrick’s practice of critically re-reading thinkers – all thinkers, not simply Foucault.

Legislative process in the field of ethnological expert examination in Russia

The article analyses the stages and peculiarities of development of ethnological expert examination as an institution in the Russian Federation. It is beyond argument that different actors to various extent involved in the implementation of the project in question, adhere to divergent approaches, namely: from defining the key regulatory authority (federal center or regions), correlation between ethnological and ecological expert examinations, social and technocratic approaches to the territory development and the role of indigenous small-numbered peoples. Pursuant to the strategic planning documents, ethnological expert examination represents a tool for implementation of the Russian state policy regarding different nationalities. However, state-recognized ethnological expert examination with all legal consequences it entails is only pursued in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) based upon a regional law. The federal legislator only provides a definition of ethnological expert examination (scientific research into the influence of changes in the original living environment of indigenous small-numbered peoples and sociocultural situation on the development of an ethnic group) without enacting any statutory instrument to regulate the procedure. The analysis has shown that Russian legislation requires statutorization of the ethnological expert examination procedure and its binding character along with elaboration of conceptual framework, subject matter and object of this research.

“Lone Soldiers” in the Israeli Military—A Research Note on the Conceptualization of Foreign Fighters

ABSTRACT This research note contributes to the growing body of knowledge on foreign fighters in international affairs. While most scholars in the field derive their understanding of the phenomenon from highly publicized cases of Western Muslims fighting alongside Jihadi groups in the Middle East, this article brings a new case study into the arena: Jewish foreign nationals who voluntarily enlist in the Israeli military, also known as lone soldiers. After a presentation of this to date unexplored case (i.a. through nineteen semi-structured interviews), the article delves into the conceptual realm, discussing whether Israel’s lone soldiers can be analyzed within the foreign-fighter framework in the first place. Based on the empirical findings and an interdisciplinary literature review on foreign fighters the article argues that lone soldiers do constitute a relevant case study. This research note further suggests that much of the controversy on conceptual matters could be avoided by understanding the phenomenon as an action (i.e., foreign fighting) rather than an actor (i.e., foreign fighter). Further research is warranted to support these findings.

Participation in Research and the CRPD

This article discusses the implications of the United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (“CRPD”) for domestic policies on research involving persons with disabilities, including those with limited decision-making abilities. It starts with an examination of the protection the Convention affords to persons with disabilities against being enrolled in research projects, and argues that it does offer some such protection, but that the precise extent of this protection depends on conceptual and other matters that are not easily resolved by straightforward treaty interpretation. The article then proceeds with an analysis of whether the CRPD includes a right to participate in research projects on an equal basis with others. It argues that there are good reasons to interpret the CRPD to include such a right and explores its normative content. The article describes how the prohibition on discrimination delineates the scope for lawful exclusion of persons with disabilities in research studies and illustrates how discrimination analysis can be used to distinguish lawful practices from unlawful ones. It stops short, however, of drawing general conclusions about when exclusion is prohibited by the CRPD, arguing that this will depend on unresolved issues about the correct interpretation of the Convention’s right to legal capacity, and on an analysis of the rights and interests at stake in any given situation.

Ghost in the kerameikos: Parmenides, Translation, and the Construction of Doctrine

Although the Parmenidean poem (late 6th-early 5th centuries BCE) is in epic meter and teems with vivid imagery, it has been translated into the domain of philosophy since its earliest reception. Within this domain it has traditionally been interpreted as the first "explicit and self-conscious argumentation" of western philosophy (Gallop 1984, 3). Yet, the poem aims at persuasion and affect rather than logical demonstration (Smith 2003, 269-75).Working primarily with a sense of translation as critical reception, this paper articulates the history of a translational protocol that excises conceptual matter from linguistic form (Cassin 2010, 19; Batchelor 2010, 49-50), reducing the semantic range of the Parmenidean poem. Beginning with Zeno and Melissus (early 5th c BCE), a series of translations reduces the Parmenidean poem into a vehicle for a separable and fully translatable doctrine, stabilizing and homogenizing a thinking that otherwise persists as polyvalent and heterogeneous.

KREATIVITAS GURU MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA

This research shows that the importance of the teacher creativity through learning style in improving the student’s performance learning outcomes.The teacher as profesionals in the field of education, in addition to understand philosophical and conceptual matters, and to know and implement technical matters. There are some technical matters especially the activity of managing and implementing of teaching and learning interaction. In the managing activity of teaching and learning interaction, the teacher as much as possible to facilitate the students to gain the learning experienc. It can be realized with the creativity of teachers (held a variety of teaching and use media) in using the model of learning, so that with the creativity of teachers can improve student learning outcomes.

A matter of conceptualization and representation: teaching indexing concepts in the twenty-first century

Students of library and information science, whatever their interests and employment opportunities, need to have a strong understanding of fundamental LIS concepts, especially in the organization o...

&lt;em&gt;Granta&lt;/em&gt; and the Advent of the Contemporary

Rather than purely aesthetic or conceptual matters, literary periods may be understood in terms of literary-institutional arrangements, with the shifts between them occasioned by changes in these arrangements. Granta magazine's "Best of Young British Authors" list from 1983 exemplifies one such shift within the British field; tracing the list's history reveals the advent around 1980 of a new, contemporary period in British literature, defined not by particular writers or styles but by certain institutional practices.

Ordinary Matters in Islamic Studies: Notes from the Field

This essay is a reflection on the everyday conceptual matters that inform the workings of the academic field of Islamic Studies and constitute its conditions of possibility. The research is based on observations I made while working at the Institute of Islamic Studies at McGill University. The everyday of the Institute is marked by arguments that reject orientalism but also foreshadow its return in different guises. In this context, historical and linguistic approaches, with their own tensions and limits, appear as safeguards, but they are inevitably caught up in a binary that juxtaposes theory to the archive as two opposing but equally necessary modalities of knowledge. While several ideas about what constitutes Islam seem to cohabit without much friction, a quite fixed and stable notion of politics overdetermines the possibility to think otherwise. The essay is primarily descriptive, but it contains a few personal and “extra-territorial” notes on how to inhabit these matters differently and follow desire.